Why did Roman Britain collapse? What sort of society succeeded it? How did the Anglo-Saxons take over? And how far is the traditional view of a massacre of the native population a product of biased historical sources?A. S. Esmonde Cleary explains what Britain was like in the fourth century AD and how this can be understood only in the wider context of the western Roman Empire. His emphasis is on the information to be won from archaeology rather than history, leading to a compelling explanation of the fall of Roman Britain and some novel suggestions about the place of the post-Roman population in the formation of England.