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Beginning of article

While the critical role of knowledge in motor (e.g., Allard, 1993) and physical education (PE; e.g., Hare & Graber, 2000) performance is well documented, insight is scant into the role that students' theories about what knowing is and how they come to know (Hofer & Pintrich, 1997) influence their achievement in PE. Links exist between such beliefs--that knowledge is simple (versus integrated) and certain (versus changing), that ability is fixed (rather than acquired), and that learning is quick not gradual--and performance in numerous academic domains. Related constructs studied in PE include misconceptions (Dodds et al., 2001) and having either fixed or incremental ability …