In 1993, it became apparent to the African American
professors at a small midwestern university that several
minority students needed special attention and
encouragement to succeed in teacher education curricula as
well as adjust to living and working in a campus setting.
Many of the students were the first generation of their
family to attend a university and in many instances they
were unfamiliar with written guidelines and policies. They
needed a support system that would help them to find
university resources, such as graduate study funding,
research support, tutoring social systems and networks for
placements in future teaching positions.
To determine the scope of the problem, fifty state
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