Physical education is an institution in American schools widely presumed to provide important health benefits to students. A considerable body of evidence supports the conclusion that, when delivered with instructional practices emphasizing student participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), physical education can contribute importantly to students' daily MVPA requirement. Likewise, there is significant evidence that physical education can exert beneficial short-term effects on some health and fitness outcomes. However, the research community has only rarely treated physical education as a public health intervention, to which exposure is hypothesized to promote …