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Beginning of article

In what has come to be regarded in Marxist/structuralist theoretics as a landmark essay, French theorist Louis Althusser proposed that ideology has a material existence-not, he claimed, in "the same modality as the material existence of a paving-stone or a rifle," but "in an apparatus, and its practice, or practices" (my emphasis).1 Ideological apparatuses, according to Althusser, reify ideology in the form of various institutions, organizations, and/or systems within a society: the military, law enforcement agencies, and court systems as well as schools, the family, political parlies, trade unions, etc. Film theorists have, for the most part, embraced Althusser's concept of ideology as …