Executive Summary
The purpose of this article is to examine how Carnegie's principles can be used to describe three types of outstanding leadership: charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic. We explain Dale Carnegie's principles, assess which of these principles underlie particular types of outstanding leadership, and illustrate how the exemplary outstanding leadership of Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, and John Rockefeller, Jr. can be explained in terms of Carnegie's principles. This article contributes an integrative framework which links Carnegie's folk theory of leadership with Mumford's comprehensive research on charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic …