When the end is near, most of us don't cope with it very well. Both medical and social end-of-life decisions rank among life's most painful and stressful for patients and loved ones. And these important decisions often are made under the worst circumstances: in hospital corridors, in late-night conversations or during urgent phone calls with relatives.
Researchers estimate that only 20 to 30 percent of Americans have stipulated advance directives. Usually these are completed by those with terminal illness or by individuals from high socioeconomic classes. Even then, physician compliance with advance directives is poor.
Low-income minorities may have even less access to …