Abstract
This article describes what history teachers need to know about the demands and expectations of academic language in their specific discipline in order to address the needs of English language learners (ELLs). The article focuses on three key academic language patterns in history: abstraction, agency, and cause.
Academic content is constructed in language that differs from the language we use every day to communicate with each other (Schleppegrell, 2004). Students need opportunities to develop this language in school and the classroom is a place where students can learn how language participates in constructing knowledge in different content areas. History is a …