In the United States each of the 50 state education departments sets standards for and approves credit-bearing post-secondary programs that lead to the state's teaching credentials. The result is that education programs in colleges and universities are designed to meet their respective states' proscriptive-and restrictive-requirements for teaching credentials, such as early childhood (birth through second grade), childhood (grades 1 through 6), special education. . . . Thus, when a state changes credential requirements or certification levels, college and university programs must also change their offerings. In my 40 years as an educator in New York state (NYS), I've just experienced my …