WHEN WE IMAGINE creating the modern research university de novo, the first cornerstone to be laid is that of academic freedom. The American idea of academic freedom originated in Europe; it was faculty trained in European universities who brought with them the concept to American universities. About half of the members of the 1915 American Association of University Professors (AAUP) Committee that first articulated a statement of academic freedom in the United States were graduates of German universities.
Academic freedom was critical in enabling faculty first to free themselves from sectarian, religious domination and later to resist secular, political control. The modern …