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Humans are biologically similar, sharing almost all of their genetic material. Many questions relevant to alcoholism,(1) however, concern how people differ. Why do some people abuse alcohol? Why do some heavy drinkers, but not others, become physiologically addicted to alcohol? Twins are a unique resource for identifying the genetic and environmental sources of these differences. The study of the causes of differences (i.e., variation) among people is a major goal of human behavioral genetic research, of which twin studies form a subset.

Twin studies have been used to address important questions about the causes of alcoholism, including the following:

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