Michael Oakeshott and Ludwig von Mises were arguably two of the twentieth century's most profound theorists of human action. Unarguably, both of them regarded the nature of the social sciences in a way that differed significantly from the positivist views prevalent during their lives. One result of their outsider status is the scores of scholars, popular political commentators, and politicians who consider one or the other of the two thinkers as a-or even the-major influence on their intellectual development. Another outcome has been the academic mainstream's neglect of their distinctive-or, as their critics might say, idiosyncratic-views. If one attempted to gauge either Mises's or …