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• Welfare Reform
• Economic Justice

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...And Economic Justice for All: Welfare Reform for the 21st Century

by Michael L. Murray. 234 pgs.

Contributors:

   Michael L. Murray

Publisher:

   M.E. Sharpe

Place of Publication:

  Armonk, NY  

Publication Year:

  1997

Subjects:

Distributive Justice, Public Welfare--United States, Guaranteed Annual Income--United States

	Contents
	Introduction	1
	My Political History	2
	My Intellectual History	2
	The Bottom Line	5
	Who Are You?	6
	How Can I Convince You?	8
	Chapter 1 Life Is Not Fair, But People Can Be	11
	Economic Justice -- Should It Be a Goal?	11
	Relevance of Determinism	14
	Concepts of Justice	15
	Rawls and Nozick--Contrasting Views of Justice	22
	The Utilitarian View of Justice	25
	Justice as an Emotional Response	26
	Criminal Justice	27
	Rectifying Life's Injustices	29
	Something for Everyone, But More for Some-- Justice and Reality Reconciled	33
	Chapter 2 Are You Worthy? Current Welfare Programs	41
	Current Public Assistance Programs in the	42
	Negative Aspects of Current Public Assistance Programs	60
	Summary	64
	Chapter 3 The Market: Who Gets What, Why, and Whether	75
	Alternatives to the Market	76
	The Virtues of the Market	78
	The Shortcomings of the Market	80
	Long-Run Prospects for Capitalism	93
	Current Welfare Interferences with the Market	94
	The Benefits of the GAI to the Market	98
	Summary	100
	Chapter 4 Work--Who Needs It?	107
	Work -- What Is It?	107
	Do People Need to Work?	113
	Must Society Require That People Work?	114
	Is Work Going to Be Available?	120
	The Serendipitous Impact of Technological Development	121
	A Note on Creating Jobs	122
	Conclusion	123
	Chapter 5 We Are What We Were	129
	The Essence of the Argument	130
	The Path to this Conclusion	131
	Determinism	133
	Implications of a Determinist View of Human Behavior	139
	Conclusions	145
	Chapter 6 Why the Guaranteed Adequate Income	153
	The Basics of a Guaranteed Adequate Income	154
	The "Sound Bite" Argument	154
	What a Guaranteed Income Provides to Individuals	155
	A Guaranteed Income Is Not Founded on a Right	158
	The Social Dividend Argument	160
	The Work Reduction Argument	162
	A Guaranteed Income Is Conservative	163
	Effective and Efficient	166
	Conclusion	168
	Appendix: Results of Negative Income Tax Experiments	169
	Chapter 7 The History of Guaranteed Income Plans	178
	Speenhamland System	178
	Edward Bellamy's Forward Look	178
	British Proposals of the Rhys-Williams	179
	Family Allowances	179
	George Stigler's Brief Mention	179
	Friedman Negative Income Tax	179
	Schwartz Family Security Benefit	180
	Tobin Plan	181
	Lampman Plan	181
	Theobald's Basic Economic Security	181
	Family Assistance Plan	182
	Credit Income Tax	182
	George McGovern's 1972 Campaign Proposal	183
	Able Grant	183
	Allan Sheahan's Plan	184
	Problems with Previous Plans	185
	Appendix: Relative Price and Poverty Levels	186
	Chapter 8 The Guaranteed Adequate Income Proposal	190
	The Nonnegotiables	190
	The Negotiable Elements	195
	The Mechanics of the Plan	197
	The Cost	199
	Funding the Program	199
	Hypothetical Demonstrations	199
	Phasing In	200
	Chapter 9 Cost and Funding Calculations	204
	The Total Potential Outlay	204
	Projected Impact of the New System	208
	Summary	219
	Chapter 10 Final Thoughts	222
	The Thought Process Leading to the GAI	222
	How Much Is Enough?	224
	Political Prospects	225
	References	227
	Index	229
	LIST OF TABLES
	Table 3.1 Selected Indicators of Income Distribution	85
	Table 3.2 Impact of Varying Measures of Income on Income Distribution	87
	Table 3.3 Number of Families Below the Poverty Level and Poverty Rate 1959-1992	88
	Table 6.1 Probability of Employment	171
	Table 7.1 Consumer Price Indices and Purchasing Power of the Dollar- Selected Years	186
	Table 7.2 U.S. Government Poverty Levels-Selected Years	186
	Table 9.1 1993 Income Tax Rates	206
	Table 9.2 Effect of 1993 Tax Structure on Two Sample Taxpayers	206
	Table 9.3 Flat Tax Equivalent of Current Income Taxes (Selected Family Situations)	207
	Table 9.4 Effects of GAI and Flat Tax on Two Sample Taxpayers	209
	Table 9.5 Median and Mean Net Worth by Household Income Quintile	209
	Table 9.6 Net Transfers Under the Proposed GAI/Flat Tax Structure	210
	Table 9.7 Effective Tax Rates Under the Proposed GAI/Flat Tax Structure	212
	Table 9.8 New Effective Tax Rates Minus Old Rates	213
	Table 9.9 Comparison of Net Income Under Present Tax Structure with Net Income Under GAI/Flat Tax System	214
	Table 9.10a Distribution of Incomes in the United States	215
	Table 9.10b Distribution of Incomes in the United States	216
	Table 9.11a Aggregate Transfers by Income Category	217
	Table 9.11b Aggregate Transfers by Income Category	218

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