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• Children's Communication

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Evaluating Children's Writing: A Handbook of Communication Choices for Classroom Teachers

by Suzanne Bratcher. 185 pgs.

Contributors:

   Suzanne Bratcher

Publisher:

   Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

Place of Publication:

  Mahwah, NJ  

Publication Year:

  1994

Subjects:

English Language--Composition And Exercises--Ability Testing, Children--Writing

	CONTENTS
	PART I The Objectives of Evaluation	1
	CHAPTER 1 In the Background: How We Feel about Grading	3
	Chapter Summary	6
	EXERCISES	7
	References	7
	CHAPTER 2 Specific Situations: Putting Evaluation into a Context	9
	Student Audience Considerations	10
	Instructional Purposes of Grading	12
	Teacher Stance toward Grading	16
	Chapter Summary	18
	EXERCISES	18
	References	19
	CHAPTER 3 The Pieces of the Grading Puzzle	21
	Context	22
	Definition	22
	Grade-level Applications and Examples	23
	Content	25
	Definition	25
	Grade-level Applications and Examples	26
	Structure	27
	Definition	27
	Grade-level Applications and Examples	27
	Mechanics	29
	Definition	29
	Grade-level Applications and Examples	30
	Process	31
	Definition	31
	Applications and Examples	32
	Chapter Summary	40
	EXERCISES	40
	References	40
	PART II Evaluation Options	41
	CHAPTER 4 Approaches to Grading	43
	Analytic Approaches	43
	Criterion-referenced Evaluation	44
	Assignment-generated Evaluation	50
	Holistic Approaches	52
	Anchor Evaluation	52
	Cluster Grading	58
	Impressionistic Grading	60
	Analytic/Holistic Combinations	61
	Primary-trait Evaluation	61
	Questions for Grading	63
	Chapter Summary	67
	EXERCISES	70
	CHAPTER 5 Response Strategies	73
	Oral Responses	73
	Writing Conferences	73
	Tape-recorded Responses	77
	Written Responses	78
	Using the Computer	78
	Handwritten Notes	78
	Grading Sheets	78
	Grades without Comments	79
	Chapter Summary	79
	EXERCISES	80
	CHAPTER 6 Management Systems	81
	Grade Averaging	81
	Common Value Systems	81
	Variations of Grade Averaging	82
	Checklists and Cumulative Records	83
	Contracts	86
	Portfolios	88
	Chapter Summary	90
	EXERCISES	90
	CHAPTER 7 Evaluation Styles	91
	Teacher-centered Evaluation	91
	Self-evaluation	92
	Peer-centered Evaluation	93
	Teacher/Student Partnerships	93
	Outside the Classroom	94
	Chapter Summary	95
	EXERCISES	95
	CHAPTER 8 Hybrids	97
	Chapter Summary	98
	EXERCISES	99
	PART III Using Grading as a Teaching Tool	101
	CHAPTER 9 Tools of the Trade: Choosing Evaluation Options in a Communication Setting	103
	Using the Communication Triangle	103
	Scenario #1	104
	Scenario #2	105
	Scenario #3	107
	Tools of the Trade	109
	Chapter Summary	110
	EXERCISES	111
	References	111
	CHAPTER 10 Transcending the Red Ink, or Making Grading Serve Teaching	113
	Making Grading Serve Teaching	113
	Working with Revisions	114
	Adding Criteria over Time	115
	Progressive Weighting of Grades	115
	Beyond Evaluation: Alternative Purposes of Grading	116
	Questions of Power	116
	A World without Grades	118
	Chapter Summary	118
	EXERCISES	119
	CHAPTER 11 Teach Yourself to Grade, or the Grading Process in Action	121
	Learning the Grading Process	121
	Ways of Beginning	124
	Scenario #1	124
	Scenario #2	124
	Scenario #3	125
	Creating a Personal Grading System	125
	Chapter Summary	126
	EXERCISES	127
	References	127
	APPENDIX A Sample Papers	129
	APPENDIX B Annotated Bibliography	173
	INDEX	183

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