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History of the Jews Vol 3

by Heinrich Graetz. 675 pgs.

Contributors:

   Heinrich Graetz

Publisher:

   Jewish Publication Society of America

Place of Publication:

  Philadelphia  

Publication Year:

  1949

Subjects:

Jews--History

	CHAPTER I. THE DECAY OF JUDÆA, AND THE JEWS IN DISPERSION. The Zendik Religion -- Kobad and Mazdak the Reformer -- Revolt of the Jews -- Mar-Zutra -- Revival of the Schools -- The Saburalm -- The Talmud committed to writing -- Tolerance of Chosru II -- The Christianization of Judæa -- The Jews under Byzantine Rule -- Justinian -- Persecution of the Samaritans -- Benjamin of Tiberias -- Attack on Tyre -- The Heraclius page 500 -- 628 C. E	1
	CHAPTER II. THE JEWS IN EUROPE. Growth of the Jews in Europe -- The Communities in Constantinopleand Italy -- Theodoric -- Isidore of Seville -- Gregory I -- The Jews of France -- Chilperic and Dagobert -- Avitus -- The Jews in Spain -- Controversies between Jews and Christians page 510-640 C. E.	24
	CHAPTER III. THE JEWS OF THE ARABIAN PENINSULA. Happy condition of the Jews in Arabia -- Traditions as to their original settlements -- Yathrib and Chaibar -- The JewishArabic tribes -- The Benu-Nadhir, the Benu-Kuraiza, and Benu-Bachdal -- The Benu-Kainukaa -- The Jews of Yemen -- Their power and influence -- Conversion of tribes to Judaism -- Abu-Kariba , the first Jewish -- Himyarite king -- Zorah Dhu-Nowas -- Samuel Ibn-Adija -- Mahomet -- His in- debtedness to Judaism -- Mahomet 's early friendliness to the Jews and subsequent breach with them -- His attacks on the Jewish tribes -- The War of the Fosse -- The position of the Jews under the Caliphs page 500-662 C. E.	53
	CHAPTER IV. THE AGE OF THE GEONIM. The Conquests of Islam -- Omar's Intolerance -- Condition of the Jews in Babylonia -- Bostanai -- The Princes of the Captivity and the Geonim -- Dignity and Revenues of the Prince -- Communal Organization -- Excommunication -- Julian of Toledo and the Jews -- The Moslems in Spain -- The Jews and Arabic Literature -- The Assyrian Vowel-system -- The Neo-Hebraic Poetry: José ben José -- Simon ben Caipha -- Employment of Rhyme -- Jannaï -- Eleazar Kaliri -- Opposition to the Study of the Talmud -- The False Messiah Serenus, the Syrian -- The Jews in the Crimea and the Land of the Chazars -- The False Messiah Obadia Abu-Isa ,.page 640-760 C. E.	86
	CHAPTER V. RISE OF KARAISM AND ITS RESULTS. Anan ben David , the founder of Karaism -- His life, writings, and influence -- Hostility to the Talmud -- Anan's innovations -Karaite reverence of -- The Exilarchate becomes elective -- Adoption of Judaism by the Chazars -- Bulan and Isaac Sinjari -- Bulan 's Jewish successors -- Charlemagne and the Empire of the Franks -- The Jews and Commerce -- Jewish Envoy sent to the Caliph Haroun Alrashid -- Spread of the Jews in Europe -- The Caliphs and the Jews -- The study of philosophy -- Sahal -- The Kalam -- Mutazilists and Anthropomorphists -- Judah Judghan -- The Shiur Komah -- The Akbarites -- Moses the page 761-840 C. E.	127
	CHAPTER VI. FAVORABLE CONDITION OF THE JEWS IN THE FRANKISH DOMINIONS, AND THE DECAY OF THE EXILARCHATE IN THE EAST. The Jews under Louis le Débonnaire -- The Judith and her Veneration for Judaism -- , of -- Conversion of Bodo -- Amolo's effort against the Jews -- Charles the Bald -- Troubles in and -- Decree against the Jews in Italy -- Boso of Burgundy -- Basilius -- Leo the Philosopher -- Decline of the Exilarchate -- The Geonim acquire Additional Influence -- The Prayer Book of Amram -- Mar-Zemach -- Literary and Scientific Activity of the Jews -- Decay of Karaism -- Dissensions at Pumbeditha page 814-920 C. E.	160
	CHAPTER VII. THE GOLDEN AGE OF JEWISH SCIENCE: SAADIAH AND CHASDAÏ. Judaism in the Tenth Century -- Saadiah , the Founder of Religious Philosophy -- Translation of the into Arabic -- Saadiah opposes Karaism -- The Karaite Solomon ben Yerucham -- Saadiah and the School at Sora -- Saadiah retires from Sora -- His Literary Activity -- Extinction of the Exilarchate -- Sahal and other Karaite writers -- Jews in Spain -- The School at Cordova -- Dunash ben Tamim -- Chasdaï -- His services to Judaism -- Menachem ben Saruk -- Chasdaï and the King of the Chazars page 928-970 C. E.	187
	CHAPTER VIII. THE RISE OF JEWISH-EPANISH CULTURE, AND THE DECAY OF THE GAONATE. The Gaon Sherira and his son Hai-Sherira 's Historical Letter -- The Jewish Congregations in Spain -- Jewish Culture in -- The Disciples of Menachem and Dunash -- Jehuda Chayuj -- Contest between Chanoch and Ibn-Abitur -- Jacob Ibn-Jau -- The Jews of France -- Nathan the Babylonian and Leontin -- The Jews of Germany -- Gershom and his Ordinances -- The Henry II -- The Caliph Hakem -- The Jewish Commuinities of Northern Africa -- Chananel, the Son of Chushiel , and Nissim bar Jacob Ibn-Shahin -- The Jerusalem Talmud -- Hai Gaon -- His Character and Importance -- Samuel bar Chofni -- Chiskiya , the Last Gaon -- Samuel Ibn-Nagrela -- Jonah Ibn-Janach page 970-1050 C. E.	231
	CHAPTER IX. IBN-GEBIROL AND HIS EPOCH. Solomon Ibn-Gebirol -- His early life -- His poems -- The states. man Yekutiel Ibri-Hassan befriends him -- Murder of Yekutiel -- Bachya Ibn-Pakuda and his moral philosophy -- The Biblical critic Yizchaki ben Yasus -- Joseph ben Chasdaï , the Poet -- Death of Samuel Ibn Nagrela -- Character of his son Joseph and his tragic fate -- Death of Ibn-Gebirol -- The French and German communities -- Alfassi -- Life and works of Rashi -- Jewish scholars in Spain -- Alfonso , page 1027-1070 C. E.	265
	CHAPTER X. THE FIRST CRUSADE. The position of the Jews in Germany previous to the Crusades -- The community of Speyer and Henry IV -- The Martyrs of Treves and Speyer -- Emmerich of Leiningen and the Martyrs of Mayence -- Cruel persecutions at Cologne -- Suffering of the Jews in Bohemia -- Pitiful death of the Jews of -- Henry 's justice towards the Jews Return of Converts to Judaism -- Death of Alfassi and Rashi page 1096-1105 C. E.	297
	CHAPTER XI. ZENITH OF THE SPANISH-JEWISH CULTURE: JEHUDA HALEVI. The Jews under the Almoravides -- Joseph Ibn-Sahal , Joseph Ibn-Zadik -- Joseph Ibn-Migash -- The Poets Ibn-Giat , Ibn- Abbas , Ibn-Sakbel and Ibn Ezra -- Abulhassan Jehuda Ha -- levi -- His Poems and Philosophy -- The Chozari -- Incidents of his Life -- Samuel Almansur -- Jehuda Halevi 's Pilgrimage to -- His Death page 1105-1148 C. E.	311
	CHAPTER XII. PERSECUTIONS DURING THE SECOND CRUSADE AND UNDER THE ALMOHADES. Condition of the Jews in France -- The Second Crusade -- Peter the Venerable and the Monk Rudolph -- Bernard of Clairvaux and the Conrad -- Protectors of the Jews -- Persecutions under the Almohades -- Abdulmumen and his Edict -- The Jehuda Ibn-Ezra -- The Karaites in Spain -- Jehuda Hadassi -- The historian Abraham Ibn-Daud and his Philosophy -- Abraham Ibn-Ezra -- Rabbenu Tam , page 1143-1170 C. E.	347
	CHAPTER XIII. SURVEY OF THE EPOCH OF MAIMUNI (MAIMONIDES). The Jews of Toled -- Ibn-Shoshan , Ibn-Alfachar -- The Poet Charisi -- Sheshet Benveniste -- Benjamin of Tudela -- The Jews of Provence -- The Kimchis -- The Communities of , , , and -- Persecutions of Jews in Northern France -- The Jews of England -- Richard I -- The Jews of York -- The Jews of Germany -- Ephraim benJacob
	CHAPTER XIV. MAINIUNI (MAIMONIDES). Early years of Maimuni (Maimonides) -- His journey to Fez -- Letter of Consolation of Maimun (father of Maimonides ) -- Maimuni and the Jewish Converts to Islam -- The Maimun Family in and Egypt -- Maimuni 's Commentary on the Mishna -- Saladin and the Jews -- Letter of Maimonides to Yemen -- The Mishne-Torah of Maimuni -- Controversies with reference to this Work -- Joseph Ibn-Aknin -- Maimuni as a Physicia -- Maimuni attacked by Samuel ben Ali -- Maimuni and the Jews of Provence -- Th More Nebuchim and its importance -- Death of Maimonides page 1171-1205 C. E.	446
	CHAPTER XV. NEW POSITION OF THE JEWS IN CHRISTIAN LANDS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY . Effects of the Death of Maimuni -- Abraham Maimuni , the son of Maimuni -- Hostility of the Papacy against the Jews -- Innocent III -- The Albigenses -- Emigration of Rabbis to -- and the Jewish Badges -- Synod of Rabbis at Mayence -- The Dominicans and the Rise of the Inquisition -- Jayme of Aragon and his Physician Benveniste -- Stephen Langton and the Jews of England -- Gregory IX and Louis IX of France -- The Jews of Hungary page 1205-1232 C.E.	494
	CHAPTER XVI. THE MAIMUNIST CONTROVERSY AND THE RISE OF THE KABBALA. The Opposition against Maimuni -- Maimunists and antiMaimunists -- Meir Abulafia -- Samson of Sens -- Solomon of -- Excommunication of the Maimunists -- David Kimchi 's energetic Advocacy of Maimuni -- Nachmani -- His Character and Work -- His Relations to Mai­muni
	CHAPTER XVII PUBLIC DISCUSSIONS, AND THE BURNING OF THE TALMUD. Gregory IX -- Frederick II and the Jewish Scholars, Jehuda Ibn-Matka and Jacob Anatoli -- The Jewish Legislation of Frederick of Austria -- The Martyrs of Aquitaine and Gregory IX -- Louis IX of France and his Enmity to the Jews -- Attacks on the Talmud -- The Apostate Nicholas-Donin -- Disputation at the French Court between Yechiel of and Nicholas-Donin -- Judah of -- The Talmud burnt at -- The Church and Jewish Physicians -- Moses Ibn-Tibbon and Shem-Tob Tortosi -- Papal Bull acquitting Jews of the Blood-accusation -- The Last French Tossafists -- The Jews of England -- The Jewish Parliament -- Alfonso the Wise and the Jews of Spain -- Meir de Malea and his Sons -- The Jewish Astronomers Don Judah Cohen and Don Zag Ibn-Said -- The Jews of Aragon -- De Penyaforte and the Apostate Pablo Christiani -- The First Censorship of the Talmud -- Nachmani 's Disputation with Pablo -- Influence of ...	563
	CHAPTER XVIII. THE AGE OF SOLOMON BEN ADRET AND ASHERI. Martyrs in Germany -- The Jews of Hungary and -- The Council at Buda -- The Jews of Spain and Portugal -- Solomon ben Adret, his character and writings -- Raymund Martin 's anti-Jewish Works -- New antagonism to the Maimunist Philosophy -- David Maimuni -- Moses Taku -- Meir of Rothenburg -- The Jews of Italy -- Solomon Petit -- Rudolph of Habsburg -- Emigration of Jews from the Rhine Provinces -- Sufferings of the English Jews -- Expulsion of the Jews from England and Gascony -- Saad Addaula -- Isaac of Accho page 1270-1306 C.E.	610

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