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• History of Alcohol
• History of Alcohol
• Alcoholism
• Wine Making and Tasting

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International Handbook on Alcohol and Culture

by Dwight B. Heath. 394 pgs.

Contributors:

   Dwight B. Heath

Publisher:

   Greenwood Press

Place of Publication:

  Westport, CT  

Publication Year:

  1995

Subjects:

Drinking Of Alcoholic Beverages--Cross-Cultural Studies, Drinking Customs--Cross-Cultural Studies, Alcoholism--Cross-Cultural Studies

	Contents
	Tables	xxi
	Preface and Acknowledgments	xxiii
1	An Introduction to Alcohol and Culture in International Perspective Dwight B. Heath	1
	Why Alcohol Matters	1
	Why Culture Matters	2
	The Purpose of This Book	3
	Scope of the Book	3
	Format and Use of the Book	4
	References	6
2	Australia Wayne Hall and Ernest Hunter	7
	History of Drinking in Australia	7
	Reasons for the Long Waves in Alcohol Consumption	8
	Contemporary Consumption Patterns	10
	Alcohol-Related Problems	12
	Alcohol Control Measures	12
	Aboriginal Drinking	13
	History	13
	Contemporary Alcohol Use	14
	Summary	18
	References	18
3	Canada Yuet W. Cheung and Patricia G. Erickson	20
	Contemporary Drinking Patterns	21
	General Prevalence Trends	21
	Current Drinking Habits and Attitudes	22
	Sociodemographic and Regional Variations in Drinking	23
	Alcohol-Related Problems	26
	Alcohol Policies	28
	Control Policies	28
	Prevention and Treatment Policies	29
	References	29
4	Chile Eduardo Medina Cárdenas	31
	Some Generalities about Alcohol	31
	Alcoholic Beverages in Chile	32
	Urban Consumption	33
	Use of Alcoholic Beverages among Mapuche Indians	34
	Social Learning of Alcohol Consumption	37
	Pros and Cons of Alcoholic Beverage Consumption	38
	Conclusions	39
	References	40
5	China Xiao Jiacheng	42
	History	44
	Major Drinking Patterns	45
	Ritual Drinking	45
	Festive Drinking	45
	Recreational Drinking	46
	Medicinal Drinking	47
	Moral Drinking	48
	The National Scene	48
	Editor's Notes	49
	References	50
6	Denmark Peter Schiøler	51
	History of Alcohol	51
	Contemporary Drinking Patterns	55
	Attitudes toward Drinking	59
	Alcohol Policies	60
	References	61
7	Egypt Abdel Monheim Ashour	63
	Why Alcohol Is Noteworthy in Egypt	63
	Alcohol in Egyptian History	63
	Predynastic and Early Dynastic Drinking	63
	The Old Kingdom (3150 B.c.-2350 B.C.)	64
	The First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom (2350 B.C.-1600 B.C.)	65
	The New Kingdom (1600 B.C.-330 B.C.)	65
	Greco-Roman Egypt (330 B.C.-A.D. 150)	66
	The Christian Triumph (150-640)	66
	Arab Dominance (641-1805)	67
	Modern Egypt (1805-present)	68
	Major Contemporary Drinking Patterns	69
	Variant Drinking Patterns	71
	Pros and Cons of Drinking	72
	Conclusion	73
	References	73
8	France Vironique Nahoum-Grappe	75
	Trends in French Drinking	75
	History of Wine in France	79
	Alcoholic Beverages as a Distinct Category	83
	L'Ivresse: Intoxication Is More Than Drunkenness	83
	Recent Changes in Drinking Patterns	84
	Acknowledgment	86
	Notes	86
	References	87
9	Germany Irmgard Vogt	88
	Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages	88
	Drinking Culture in German Pubs	95
	References	97
10	Guatemala Walter Randolph Adams	99
	Why Is Alcohol Noteworthy?	101
	Alcohol in History	101
	Major Drinking Patterns	103
	Variant Drinking Patterns	105
	Learning about Drinking	106
	Pros and Cons of Drinking	107
	Acknowledgments	108
	References	108
11	Honduras Kenneth W. Vittetoe Bustillo	110
	History of Alcohol Use in Honduras	111
	Alcohol Consumption and Major Drinking Patterns	111
	Variations in Alcohol Consumption among Ethnic Minorities	113
	Attitudes and Learning about Alcohol	114
	References	115
12	Iceland Gylfi Ásmundsson	117
	Alcohol Consumption and Policy	118
	Social Norms and Major Drinking Patterns	119
	Variant Drinking Patterns	122
	The Formation of Drinking Behavior	125
	Recent Developments	126
	References	127
13	India Davinder Mohan and H. K. Sharma	128
	Why Alcohol Is Noteworthy in India	128
	Alcohol in History	130
	Evolution through Ancient History, to 700	130
	Reinterpretation and Synthesis: 700-1100	131
	The Impact of Islam: 1100-1800	132
	British Colonial Rule and Independence: 1800- present	132
	Major Drinking Patterns	134
	Variant Drinking Patterns	135
	Learning about Drinking	137
	Role of the Family	137
	Peer Groups	137
	Coworkers	138
	Caste and Class	138
	Pros and Cons of Drinking	138
	References	139
	Additional References	141
14	Israel Shoshana Weiss	142
	Why Alcohol Is Noteworthy in Israel	142
	Alcohol in History	143
	Major Drinking Patterns	146
	Variant Drinking Patterns	148
	Learning about Drinking	150
	Voluntary Organizations	151
	Community-Based Projects	151
	Pros and Cons of Drinking	152
	References	153
15	Italy Amedeo Cottino	156
	The Importance of Alcohol in Italy	156
	Economic Factors	156
	Cultural Factors	156
	The Historical Perspective	158
	Vine and Wine throughout Antiquity	158
	The Rise of the Alcohol Question	160
	Major Drinking Patterns	162
	Variant Drinking Patterns	162
	Consumption Patterns: North and South	162
	Consumption and Gender	163
	Consumption and Occupation	164
	Drinking among Youth	164
	Learning about Drinking	165
	Pros and Cons of Drinking	165
	Conclusions	166
	References	166
16	Malaysia Charles Victor Arokiasamy	168
	Historical Notes	169
	Major Drinking Patterns	170
	Drinking among Specific Ethnic Groups	173
	The Chinese	173
	East Malaysian Tribes	174
	The Indians	174
	Drinking among the Different Religions	176
	Reasons for Drinking	176
	Conclusions	177
	References	177
17	Mexico Guillermina Natera Rey	179
	Alcohol in Mexican History	179
	Modern Attitudes and Behaviors	181
	Variant Patterns in Rural Areas	184
	Family, Gender, and Alcohol	185
	Major Policies on Alcoholism	186
	References	187
	Further Readings	187
18	The Netherlands Henk F. L Garretsen and Ien van de Goor	190
	Alcohol in History	191
	Early Use	191
	Temperance Movement	191
	Alcohol Use after World War II	191
	Drinking Behavior and Attitudes	192
	Drinking Patterns	192
	Drinking Norms	192
	Drinking Patterns	193
	Drinking Habits by Sex and Age	193
	Drinking Habits by Region and Religious Affiliation	194
	Drinking Habits in Specific Populations	195
	Learning about Drinking	196
	Age at Onset of Drinking	196
	Alcohol Education	197
	General Overview and Future Concerns	198
	References	199
19	New Zealand Julie Park	201
	The Setting	201
	Alcohol in New Zealand Culture	202
	Alcohol in New Zealand History	203
	Drinking Patterns	205
	Learning about Drinking	209
	The Pros and Cons of Drinking	210
	Acknowledgment	211
	References	211
20	Nigeria 0. G. Oshodin	213
	Dominant Patterns of Alcohol Use	213
	Historical Development of Alcohol Policies	216
	Recent Developments	217
	Rationing	218
	Indexing of Prices	218
	Taxation	219
	Regulation of Time and Place of Sale	219
	Age Restrictions	219
	Controls on Advertising	220
	Public Education and Voluntary Groups	220
	Institutional and Legal Framework	220
	Future Concerns and Implications	221
	References	221
	Additional References	222
21	Poland Jacek Moskalewicz and Antoni Zieliński	224
	Drunk as a Pole?	224
	Alcohol in History	224
	Major Drinking Patterns	227
	Variant Drinking Patterns	229
	Adolescent Drinking	230
	Alcohol and Occupational Status	232
	Pros and Cons of Drinking	233
	Concluding Remarks	233
	References	234
22	Russia Pavel L Sidorov	237
	The History of Russian Alcohol Culture	237
	Forms of Alcohol Consumption	240
	Ethnocultural Peculiarities of Alcoholization	242
	Reasons for Alcoholization	245
	The Costs of Alcoholization	247
	Appendix: A Psychosocial Theory about the Universality of Alcohol, Based on the Russian Experience	249
	References	252
23	Spain Juan F. Gamella	254
	Problematization of Alcohol Use	255
	Alcohol in Spanish History	256
	Alcohol in Classic Spain	257
	Temperate Use	257
	Industrial Production of Alcoholic Beverages	258
	Main Drinking Patterns Today	260
	Dimensions of "Proper" Drinking	261
	Patterns of Drinking by Time of the Day	262
	Places to Drink: The Bar as a Core Institution	264
	Variant Drinking Patterns	265
	Drinking Patterns of the Young	265
	Drinking by Young Women	268
	References	268
24	Sri Lanka Diyanath Samarasinghe	270
	History of Alcohol Consumption	271
	Major Drinking Patterns	271
	Variant Drinking Patterns	273
	Learning about Drinking	274
	Behavioral and Subjective Effects	276
	Changing the Social Learning	277
	Opinions about Drinking	278
	References	278
25	Sweden Karin Nyberg and Peter Allebeck	280
	Alcohol Consumption in Sweden	280
	Alcohol in Swedish History	281
	Major Drinking Patterns	283
	Variant Drinking Patterns	284
	Learning about Drinking	286
	Pros and Cons of Swedish Drinking	287
	References	288
26	The United Kingdom Martin A. Plant	289
	A Brief History	290
	Alcohol Consumption Patterns	293
	Learning to Drink	295
	Teenage Drinking	296
	Conclusion	297
	Acknowledgment	298
	References	298
27	The United States of America David J. Hanson	300
	A Look Back	301
	Current Drinking Behaviors	303
	Cultural Groups	304
	Blacks	304
	Hispanics	306
	Jews	308
	Italians	309
	Irish	309
	Native Americans	310
	Chinese	311
	Summary and Conclusion	311
	References	312
28	Zambia Alan Haworth	316
	Contemporary Drinking Patterns	316
	History of Drinking	318
	Types of Beverages	320
	Religion and Drinking	323
	Public and Private Contexts for Drinking	325
	Learning to Drink	326
	References	327
29	An Anthropological View of Alcohol and Culture in International Perspective Dwight B. Heath	328
	Coverage of This Book	328
	Types of Nations	330
	Types of Cultures	330
	Types of Beverages	332
	Types of Drinking	334
	Theories about Drinking	335
	Alcohol in Relation to Other Aspects of Culture	336
	Social Organization	336
	Economics and Politics	340
	Interethnic Relations	340
	International Relations	341
	Diet and Nutrition	342
	Language, Literature, and Folklore	342
	Conflict Management and Law	343
	Religion and Ritual	343
	Health and Curing	344
	Continuity and Change	345
	References	346
	30 Some Generalizations about Alcohol and Culture Dwight B. Heath	348
	Abstinence, Temperance, and Ambivalence	348
	Benefits of Moderate Drinking	350
	Sociability and Hospitality	352
	Relaxation and Recreation	352
	Food and Its Enhancement	352
	Status and Health	353
	Risks of Heavy Drinking	355
	Alcohol Policies	357
	References	359
	Appendix: Annual Per Capita Consumption of Alcohol	363
	References	366
	Glossary	369
	Bibliographical Essay	373
	General Sources	373
	International Data and Comparisons	374
	Social and Cultural Perspectives	375
	Index	379
	About the Editor and Contributors	389

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