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Judaic Religion in the Second Temple Period: Belief and Practice from the Exile to Yavneh

by Lester L. Grabbe. 424 pgs.

Contributors:

   Lester L. Grabbe

Publisher:

   Routledge

Place of Publication:

  London  

Publication Year:

  2000

Subjects:

Judaism--History--Post-Exilic Period, 586 B.C.-210 A.D, Bible--O.T--Criticism, Interpretation, Etc

	CONTENTS
	Preface	xiii
	List of abbreviations	xvi
1	Introduction	1
	Aims of this study	1
	Definitions	3
	Religion	3
	Judaic	5
	Second Temple period	5
	Apologia pro historia mea	6
	Some technical matters	9
	PART I Chronological survey	11
2	Persian period (539-333 BCE)	13
	Major sources	13
	Books of Ezra and Nehemiah	13
	Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi	15
	Joel	17
	Jonah	17
	Isaiah 56-66	18
	Books of Chronicles	19
	Proverbs	21
	Job	22
	Esther	23
	Ruth	25
	Song of Songs	25
	The P Document	26
	Archaeology, papyri, and coins	28
	Synthesis	29
3	Early Greek period (333-200 BCE)	37
	Major sources	37
	Hecateus of Abdera	37
	Zenon papyri	39
	The story of the Tobiads	40
	Ethiopic Enoch (1 Enoch) and the Book of Giants	41
	Qohelet (Ecclesiastes)	42
	Tobit	44
	The edicts of Antiochus III	46
	Demetrius the Chronographer	48
	The Septuagint translation of the Bible	49
	Ben Sira (Ecclesiasticus)	50
	Synthesis	52
4	Later Greek period and Hasmoneans (200-63 BCE)	59
	Major sources	59
1	and 2 Maccabees	59
	Daniel	60
1	Enoch 83-105	62
	Book of Jubilees	63
	Sibylline Oracles 3-5	64
	Judith	65
1	Baruch	66
	Qumran scrolls	67
	Fragmentary Jewish Writers in Greek	70
	Pseudo-Hecateus	73
	Testament of Moses (Assumption of Moses)	74
	Letter of (Pseudo-) Aristeas	75
	Synthesis	76
5	Under Roman rule (63 BCE-70 CE)	84
	Major sources	84
	Psalms of Solomon	84
3	Maccabees	86
	Wisdom of Solomon	86
	Pseudo-Phocylides	88
	Philo of Alexandria	89
	Josephus	92
	Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum (Pseudo-Philo)	94
	Adam and Eve literature	95
	Similitudes (Parables) of Enoch ( 1 Enoch 37-71)	97
	Sibylline Oracles	97
	Slavonic Enoch (2 Enoch)	98
4	Maccabees	99
	Testament of Moses	100
	Testament of Abraham	100
	Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs	101
	Testament of Job	104
	Joseph and Asenath	105
	Judean Desert manuscripts, inscriptions, and archaeology	106
	Synthesis	108
6	Transition to rabbinic Judaism: Yavneh	116
	Major sources	116
	Rabbinic literature	116
	Apocalypses of Ezra, Baruch, Abraham, and John	117
	Sibylline Oracles	120
	The reconstruction at Yavneh	120
	Synthesis	124
	PART II Special topics	127
7	Temple and priesthood	129
	Theological basis of the cult	129
	Temple and cult	132
	The physical temple	134
	The cultic personnel	135
	Financial support for the temple	137
	The cultic rituals	138
	Women and the cult	140
	The cultic year: sabbath and annual festivals	141
	Music and singing	143
	The high priest and “the Sanhedrin”	144
	Synthesis	147
8	Scripture, prayer, and synagogue	150
	Scribes and literacy	150
	Scripture and canon	152
	Main texts	153
	Conclusions about canonization	156
	Development of the text	158
	Summary about textual developments	164
	Scriptural interpretation	165
	Conclusions about scriptural interpretation	169
	Prayer and the rise of the synagogue	170
	“Popular religion”	175
	Synthesis	178
9	Sects and movements	183
	Beginnings of sectarianism	183
	Sadducees and Pharisees	185
	Josephus	187
	New Testament	192
	Rabbinic literature	194
	4QMMT and the Temple Scroll (11QT)	196
	Summary and conclusions	196
	Essenes	199
	Sources	200
	The question of Qumran	201
	Some tentative conclusions	205
	Other sects and groups	206
	Synthesis	206
10	Concepts of the Deity and the spirit world	210
	Developing views about God	210
	Ancient Israel	212
	Innovations during the Second Temple period	215
	The question of monotheism	216
	The spirit world	219
	Main texts	220
	Summary on angelic beings	224
	The figure of Wisdom and the Logos	225
	Main texts	225
	Summary of the figure of Wisdom	227
	The Logos tradition	228
	Synthesis	230
11	Prophecy, apocalypticism, the esoteric arts, and predicting the future	232
	Problems of definition	232
	Did prophecy cease in the Second Temple period?	236
	Main texts	237
	Conclusions	239
	The esoteric arts and their use	241
	Astrology	241
	Dreams	243
	Textual interpretation	245
	Chronography	246
	Magic, mysticism, and controlling the spirits	248
	Prophetic and charismatic individuals	251
	Synthesis	254
12	Eschatologies and ideas of salvation	257
	Main texts	257
	Synthesis	266
	Personal eschatology: ideas about life after death	267
	Heavens and hells	268
	Cosmic eschatology: expectations about the end of the world	269
13	Messiahs	271
	Main texts	271
	Hebrew Bible	271
	Ben Sira	273
	Qumran scrolls	273
	Psalms of Solomon	276
	Similitudes of Enoch ( 1 Enoch 37-71)	276
	Philo	276
	Josephus	278
4	Ezra/ 2 Baruch	279
	Sibylline Oracles	280
	New Testament	280
	Rabbinic literature	281
	The“Son of Man”	282
	Sicarii, Zealots, and other “revolutionary” groups	283
	General comments	284
	The “Fourth Philosophy” and the Sicarii	285
	Zealots	287
	Synthesis	288
14	Jews and Judaism in the Hellenistic world	292
	How they saw themselves	292
	Jewish identity and conversion	292
	Ideology of the land and the concept of exile	297
	Gender and sexuality	300
	How others saw them	305
	Philo-Judaism and anti-Judaism	305
	Religious tolerance	308
	Synthesis	310
	PART III Conclusion	313
15	Judaism in the Second Temple period: a holistic perspective	315
	Bibliography	335
	Indexes	387
	Index of modern authors	387
	Index of names and subjects	396
	Index of citations	407

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