Look inside this book

(+) Larger View

i, ii, iii, iv, v, vii, ix, x, xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, 1, 2, 11, 37, 61, 91, 125, 127, 147, 161, 173, 189

• Learn about Questia
• Subscribe Now

Social Cognition

by Donald C. Pennington. 196 pgs.

Contributors:

   Donald C. Pennington

Publisher:

   Routledge

Place of Publication:

  London  

Publication Year:

  2000

Subjects:

Social Perception

	List of illustrations	xiii
	Acknowledgements	xvii
1	Introduction to social cognition	1
	What is social cognition?	1
	Social cognition and social psychology	3
	Social cognition and cognitive psychology	3
	Historical perspective	4
	Three principles of social cognition	5
	People as cognitive misers	6
	Spontaneous and deliberative thought	6
	Self-esteem	7
	Critical comment	7
	About this book	8
	Summary	9
	Further reading	9
2	Attribution of causality I: concepts and theories	11
	What are attributions?	11
	The basics	12
	Internal and external causes	13
	Spontaneous and deliberative attributions	14
	Voluntary and non-voluntary behaviour	16
	Theories of attribution	16
	Correspondent inference theory	16
	The covariation model	19
	Causal schemata model	22
	Weiner’s model of attributions for success and failure	24
	Comparison of the theories	26
	Individual differences	27
	Cultural differences	29
	Overall evaluation of concepts and models	32
	Summary	34
	Further reading	34
3	Attribution of causality II: accuracy and error	37
	Causal inferences and accuracy	37
	The fundamental attribution error	38
	Actor-observer differences	43
	Reversing actor-observer differences	44
	The false consensus effect	47
	Self-serving biases	48
	Group bias	50
	Attributions of responsibility	51
	Cross-cultural perspectives on bias and error	55
	Evaluation of attributional biases and errors	57
	Summary	58
	Further reading	59
4	Social perception: impression formation, social schemas and social representations	61
	What is social perception?	61
	Impression formation	62
	The importance of first impressions	63
	Central and peripheral traits	63
	Primacy and recency effects	66
	Impression management	68
	Accuracy in social perception	68
	Social schemas	69
	Person schemas	71
	Self-schemas	72
	Role schemas	72
	Event schemas	73
	Social schemas as stereotypes	76
	Social schemas and impression formation	77
	Social schemas and self-fulfilling prophecies	78
	The cognitive miser and the heuristics of thinking	79
	The availability heuristic	80
	The representativeness heuristic	81
	The anchoring and adjustment heuristic	82
	Social representations	83
	Understanding social representations	83
	Social representations and social schemas	85
	Summary	87
	Further reading	88
5	Prejudice and discrimination: origins, maintenance and reduction	91
	A social problem	91
	Racism and sexism: old and new	93
	The role of stereotypes	95
	The stereotype rebound effect	97
	Stereotypes and expectations	98
	Realistic group conflict	99
	Sherif’s ‘Robber’s Cave’ experiment	99
	Group membership	101
	The minimal group paradigm	101
	Social identity theory	104
	Self-categorisation theory	106
	Outgroup homogeneity	107
	Relative deprivation theory	109
	Individual approaches	113
	The authoritarian personality	113
	Frustration and aggression	117
	Reducing prejudice and discrimination	118
	Setting superordinate goals	118
	The contact hypothesis	119
	Recategorisation	123
	Summary	124
	Further reading	125
6	Social cognition: development, extensions and applications	127
	Introduction	127
	Social cognition and child development	128
	Attributional development	128
	Development of social representations	130
	Extensions	131
	Terror management: self-esteem and prejudice	132
	Prejudice and everyday communications	135
	Applications	139
	Attribution and health	139
	Attribution and sport	141
	Summary	144
	Further reading	145
7	Study aids	147
	Improving your essay writing skills	147
	Key research summaries	155
	Article 1	155
	Article 2	157
	Glossary	161
	Bibliography	173
	Index	189

Questia Books and Articles on Similar Subjects