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• Abortion
• Roe v. Wade
• Sandra Day O'Connor
• Margaret Sanger

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The Abortion Controversy: A Documentary History

by Eva R. Rubin. 314 pgs.

Contributors:

   Eva R. Rubin

Publisher:

   Greenwood Press

Place of Publication:

  Westport, CT  

Publication Year:

  1994

Subjects:

Abortion--Law And Legislation--United States--History--Sources, Abortion--United States--History--Sources

	Contents
	Series Foreword	xix
	Introduction	xxi
	PART I: BEFORE 1960	1
	Abortion in Historical Context	3
	THE EARLY HISTORY OF ABORTION	3
	Document 1: An Overview of Judicial History and Legislative History. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, Issue Brief on Abortion	3
	Document 2: The Hippocratic Oath. Hippocrates of COS, B. C. c. 460	5
	THE COMMON LAW	5
	Document 3: The Common Law. Treatise on the Pleas of the Crown. William Hawkins, 1738	6
	INFANTICIDE AS A MEANS OF POPULATION CONTROL (EUROPE, 1840-1880)	6
	Document 4: Disguised Infanticide During Europe's First Population Explosion. William Langer, 1963	7
	Contraception and Abortion in America Before 1960	10
	A SHORT HISTORY OF ABORTION POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES; THE HISTORIANS' BRIEF	10
	Document 5: Brief of 281 American Historians as Amici Curiae Supporting Appellees in Webster v. Reproductive Services, 1988	11
	THE MEDICAL CRUSADE AGAINST ABORTION (1840-1880)	21
	Document 6: Foeticide, or Criminal Abortion: A Lecture Introductory to the Course on Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children. Dr. Hugh L. Hodge, University of Pennsylvania, 1869	22
	CRIMINAL ABORTION LAWS	25
	Document 7: The Texas Abortion Statute (1857)	25
	Document 8: North Carolina Statutes Pertaining to Abortion and Kindred Offenses Before the 1967 Law	26
	THE LEGAL PROHIBITION OF CONTRACEPTION	27
	Document 9: The Comstock Act (1873). "An act for the suppression of trade in and circulation of obscene literature and articles of immoral use."	28
	Document 10: Proposal to Amend the Comstock Act to Allow Doctors to Prescribe Contraceptives. Testimony Opposing the Amendment by Father Charles E. Coughlin, 1934	29
	Document 11: "The Turbid Ebb and Flow of Misery." Margaret Sanger's Autobiography, 1938	31
	SIGNS OF CHANGE (1940-1960)	36
	Document 12: Illegal Abortion as a Public Health Problem. Dr. Mary Steichen Calderone, 1960	38
	FOR FURTHER READING	43
	PART II. THE ABORTION REFORM MOVEMENT (1960- 1972)	45
	The Reformers	47
	THE BAD OLD DAYS (1965)	47
	THE NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR WOMEN	50
	Document 14: National Organization for Women (NOW) Bill of Rights. The Right of Women to Control Their Reproductive Lives. 1967	51
	TWO REFORMERS: LAWRENCE LADER AND PATRICIA MAGINNIS	51
	Document 15: Inside the Reform Movement. Lawrence Lader, 1973	51
	MOUNTING A CONSTITUTIONAL ATTACK ON STATE ABORTION LAWS	55
	Document 16: A Constitutional Attack on State Abortion Statutes. Roy Lucas, 1968	56
	TASK FORCE REPORT ON FAMILY LAW AND POLICY: American Women, 1968	57
	Document 17: Personal Rights Relating to Pregnancy	58
	FEMINISTS	62
	Document 18: Reproductive Rights and Women's Liberation. Lucinda Cisler, 1967	63
	Document 19: Having the Abortion	64
	Catalysts	68
	THE THALIDOMIDE SCARE AND THE GERMAN MEASLES EPIDEMIC	68
	Document 20: Sherri Finkbine's Story	68
	CONCERN ABOUT POPULATION PRESSURES	71
	Document 21: Speech by Senator Bob Packwood (Republican, Oregon), Introducing Bills to Provide Tax Incentives for Family Limitation, and to Liberalize Abortion Laws in the District of Columbia, February 24, 1970	72
	THE MEDICAL PROFESSION: NEW MEDICAL TECHNIQUES	75
	Document 22: Changes in the Practice of Medicine. Testimony of Dr. Jaroslav Fabian Hulka, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Before the House Subcommittee on Human Resources, 1989	75
	Reform Activity in State Legislatures (1967-1972)	79
	Document 23: Model Penal Code Abortion Law. American Law Institute, 1962	80
	Document 24: The North Carolina Abortion Act of 1967	80
	The Politics of State Legislative Reform (1967-1973)	82
	NORTH CAROLINA	82
	Document 25: North Carolina Abortion Law 1967: A Study in Legislative Process. Sagar C. Jain and Steven W. Sinding, 1968	82
	CALIFORNIA	85
	Document 26: The California Abortion Reform Movement Was Led by Doctors, Lawyers and Public Health Experts. Testimony of Herma Hill Kay Before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 1981	86
	Breakthrough in the Courts	89
	Document 27: People v. Belous. Supreme Court of California, 1969	90
	Document 28: Rosen v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners. U.S. District Court, 1970	93
	Document 29: Complaint in Abramowicz v. Lefkowitz (1970)	96
	Document 30: United States v. Vuitch (1971)	97
	The Abortion Situation Worldwide	100
	Document 31: Abortion Laws and Policies: A World Review. Christopher Tietze, 1981	100
	Public Opinion	103
	Document 32: "Abortion and Public Opinion: The 1960-1970 Decade." Judith Blake, 1971	103
	Philosophical Arguments For and Against the Liberalization of Abortion Laws	109
	Document 33: "Understanding the Abortion Argument." Roger Wertheimer, 1971	110
	FOR FURTHER READING	116
	PART III. THE 1973 ABORTION CASES	117
	The Law and the Cases	119
	THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS: LIBERTY, PRIVACY, AND THE NINTH AMENDMENT	119
	Document 34: The Ninth Amendment (1791)	120
	THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT	120
	Document 35: The Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1 (1868)	121
	GRISWOLD V. CONNECTICUT AND THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY	121
	Document 36: Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)	122
	HOW THE CASES GOT STARTED	123
	Document 37: Testimony of Sarah Weddington, Attorney, Before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 1975	123
	INSIDE THE COURT	125
	Document 38: Deciding the Abortion Cases: The Brethren. Bob Woodward and Scott Armstrong, 1979	126
	THE CASES: ROE V. WADE AND DOE V. BOLTON	131
	Document 39: Roe v. Wade (1973)	131
	Document 40: Roe v. Wade (1973). Dissenting Opinions	137
	DOE V. BOLTON: THE COMPANION CASE	138
	Document 41: Doe v. Bolton (1973). Concurring Opinion of Justice William O. Douglas	138
	The Immediate Reaction to the Abortion Decisions	140
	PUBLIC REACTION	140
	Document 42: Statement of the Committee for Pro-Life Affairs, National Conference of Catholic Bishops, January 24, 1973	141
	Document 43: "Abortion: Out of the 19th Century." Washington Post, 1973	143
	Document 44: "Despite Court's Ruling Abortion Fight Goes On." Michael T. Malloy, 1973	144
	Document 45: "High Court's Abortion Legislation." Edwin A. Roberts, Jr., 1973	147
	Document 46: "The State Houses: Anti-Abortion Forces Fight Court Decision." Judith Randal, 1973	150
	REACTION IN CONGRESS	152
	Document 47: Remarks in the Senate by Senator James B. Allen (Alabama) on the Abortion Ruling, January 23, 1973	153
	Document 48: Remarks in the House of Representatives by Representative Lawrence J. Hogan (Maryland), January 30, 1973	155
	Document 49: "Protection of the Unborn"-- Introduction of a Joint Resolution to Amend the Constitution by Senator James L. Buckley (New York), May 31, 1973	156
	THE LAW PROFESSORS	159
	Document 50: "An American Tragedy: The Supreme Court on Abortion." Robert M. Byrn, 1973	160
	Document 51: "The Wages of Crying Wolf: A Comment on Roe v. Wade." John Hart Ely, 1973	164
	Document 52: "Rewriting Roe v. Wade." Donald H. Regan, 1979	166
	Document 53: "The Conflict over Constitutional Legitimacy." Lawrence M. Friedman, 1983	167
	FOR FURTHER READING	169
	PART IV. THE BATTLE LINES ARE DRAWN (1974-1980)	171
	State Legislative Action and Judicial Response (1974- 1980)	173
	MISSOURI PASSES A RESTRICTIVE STATUTE	173
	PARENTAL CONSENT AND THE RIGHTS OF MINORS	177
	Document 55: Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth (1976)	178
	Document 56: Bellotti v. Baird (1979)	179
	STATES CUT OFF FUNDING FOR ELECTIVE ABORTIONS	183
	Document 57: The Abortion Funding Case: Maher v. Roe (1977)	184
	LEGISLATIVE ATTEMPTS BY CONGRESS TO LIMIT ABORTION	185
	Document 58: Amendment to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare Appropriations Bill (Hyde Amendment). 1976	185
	THE EDELIN CASE (1975)	186
	Document 59: The Trial of Dr. Edelin: The Judge's Charge to the Jury. 1974	187
	Amending the Constitution	189
	A HUMAN LIFE AMENDMENT	189
	Document 60: Senate Joint Resolution 119 (The Buckley Amendment). 1974	190
	Document 61: Senate Joint Resolution 130 (The Helms Amendment). 1974	190
	HEARINGS ON TWO CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS OF THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, 1974- 1975	190
	Documents 62 A-M: Selections from the Hearings Before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary on Two Proposed Human Life Amendments to the Constitution	191
	Document 62-A: Position of the Roman Catholic Church	191
	Document 62-B: Statement by an Elder of the Presbyterian Church	193
	Document 62-C: Statement by a Rabbi of the New York Federation of Reformed Synagogues	194
	Document 62-D: Statement by a Biologist on the Question of When Life Begins	195
	Document 62-E: The Position of the National Right to Life Committee	197
	Document 62-F: Statement by an African-American Physician and Anti-Abortion Activist, Chairman of the Board of Directors, National Right to Life Committee	199
	Document 62-G: Statement by Feminists Against Abortion	201
	Document 62-H: Statement by a Member of Congress and Women's Rights Advocate	202
	Document 62-1: Statement by an African-American Civic Leader, Washington, D.C.	204
	Document 62-J: Statement by an Attending Physician in a New York Hospital, 1965-1972	207
	Document 62-K: Statment by a Woman Born with Congenital Defects Due to German Measles	209
	Document 62-L: Statement by a Woman Who Lost a Child to a Congenital Disease	210
	Document 62-M: Statement by a Developmental Neuropsychologist, National Institutes of Health	211
	THE REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS ON THE HUMAN LIFE AMENDMENTS (1975)	213
	Document 63: Report of the United States Civil Rights Commission on Constitutional Aspects of the Right to Limit Childbearing. 1975	213
	Politics and Elections	219
	RELIGIOUS GROUPS ENTER THE POLITICAL FRAY	219
	Document 64: Pastoral Plan for Pro-Life Activities. National Conference of Catholic Bishops, 1975	219
	FUNDAMENTALIST CHURCHES BECOME INVOLVED IN POLITICS	224
	Document 65: "Churches Step Up Political Efforts." Johanna Seltz, 1978	224
	ABORTION BECOMES AN ISSUE IN PRESIDENTIAL POLITICS, 1976-1977	229
	Document 66: President Ford on Abortion. Public Forum, West Bend High School (Indiana), April 2, 1976	229
	Document 67: President Carter's "Life Is Not Fair" Comments. News Conference, July 12, 1977	230
	FOR FURTHER READING	231
	PART V. THE REAGAN AND BUSH ADMINISTRATIONS AND BEYOND (1980- )	233
	National Politics	237
	REPUBLICAN AND DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM STATEMENTS ON ABORTION AND THE SELECTION OF JUDGES (1980-1992)	237
	Document 68: Republican Party Platform, 1980	238
	Document 69: Democratic Party Platform, 1980	238
	Document 70: President Carter's August 1, 1980, Statement on the Platform's Section on Abortion	238
	Document 71: Republican Party Platform, 1984	239
	Document 72: Democratic Party Platform, 1984	239
	Document 73: Transcript of Debate Between Walter Mondale and President Reagan on Domestic Policy, October 7, 1984	240
	Document 74: Republican Party Platform, 1988	242
	Document 75: Republican Party Platform, 1992	243
	Document 76: Democratic Party Platform, 1992 243 CONGRESS DELIBERATES	244
	Document 77: The Proposed Hatch Amendment to the Constitution. 1983	244
	THE HUMAN LIFE BILL (1981)	245
	Document 78: The Proposed Human Life Statute. Senate Bill 158. 1981	245
	THE FREEDOM OF CHOICE BILL (1992)	246
	Document 79: The Proposed Freedom of Choice Act. H. R. 25. 1992	246
	PACKING THE SUPREME COURT	247
	Document 80: Testimony of Sandra Day O'Connor Before the Senate Judiciary Committee. Hearings on Her Nomination to Be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, 1981	248
	Document 81: Testimony of Faye Wattleton, President of Planned Parenthood Federation of America, before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Nomination of David H. Souter to Be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, 1990	252
	Document 82: Comments by Senator Alan Simpson (Republican, Wyoming) before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Nomination of David H. Souter to Be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, 1990	254
	ABORTION DECISIONS BY THE REAGAN-BUSH SUPREME COURT, 1983-1992	256
	Document 83: City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1983). Excerpts from the O'Connor Dissent	259
	Document 84: Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989). Excerpts from the Concurring Opinion of Justice Antonin Scalia	260
	Document 85: Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992). Joint Concurring Opinion by Justices David H. Souter, Sandra D. O'Connor, and Anthony M. Kennedy	261
	Document 86: Rust v. Sullivan (1991)	264
	State Legislation During the 1980s	267
	Document 87: A Look at State Abortion Laws	268
	Document 88: A Pro-Choice View of Abortion Laws. National NOW Times, 1991	270
	New Issues and Problems	273
	ABORTION CLINIC VIOLENCE	273
	Document 89: Abortion Clinic Violence. Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the House of Representatives, 1985 and 1986	274
	HEALTH EFFECTS OF ABORTION ON WOMEN; THE KOOP REPORT, 1989	277
	Document 90: Statement of Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, Public Health Service, Before the Subcommittee on Human Resources and Governmental Relations of the House Committee on Government Operations, March 16, 1989	277
	THE IMPORT BAN ON A NEW ABORTIFACIENT DRUG, RU-486	279
	Document 91: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the House of Representatives on the Import Ban of RU-486, 1990	280
	PUBLIC OPINION IN THE 1990s	281
	Document 92: Public Opinion Polls Showing Support for Legal Abortion, 1975-1992	282
	FOR FURTHER READING	283
	Epilogue: 1993 and After	285
	Appendix A: Major Supreme Court Decisions Related to Abortion, 1973-1993	291
	Appendix B: Chronology of Events in the Abortion Controversy	295
	Index	303

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