Gruen, Victor
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
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GRUEN, VICTOR groo n, 1903 80, American architect, often called the inventor of the modern shopping mall, b. Vienna as Viktor David Grunbaum. In Vienna...1933) his own architectural firm. He fled Nazi Germanys annexation of Austria, moving (1938) to the United States and becoming a citizen (1943). His innovative design for the Lederer leather-goods shop (1939) on New...early retail projects. In 1951 he founded Victor Gruen Associates, bringing together an outstanding group of architects, engineers, and planners. The firm proved to be a major force in the design of renovated center cities and...Cities: Dianosis and Cure (1964), and Centers for the Urban Environment: Survival of the Cities (1973); biography by M. J. Hardwick (2004). ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia University Press...