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The Center of the Universe: The Geopolitics of Iran
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The Center of the Universe: The Geopolitics of Iran

by Graham E. Fuller. 301 pgs.

Read the complete book The Center of the Universe: The Geopolitics of Iran by becoming a questia.com member. Choose a membership plan to an academic-level library with more than 67,000 full-text books, 1.5 million articles, an entire reference set with a dictionary, encyclopedia, thesaurus plus a collection of digital tools to organize your information.
 

publication details

Contributors:

   Graham E. Fuller

Publisher:

   Westview Press

Place of Publication:

  Boulder, CO  

Publication Year:

  1991
Subjects:   Iran--Foreign Relations--1979-1997
Table of contents
Contents
Preface xiii
Introduction 1
1 The Political and Social Culture of Iran 8
Extravagance of Spirit , 13
Continuity as an Ancient Culture , 16
Cultural and Ethnic Arrogance , 17
The Culture of Conquest by Foreigners , 19
Learning to Live with Absolute Power , 23
Social Mobility and Living by One's Wits , 25
Notes , 31
2 Iran and Iraq: The Battleground of Cultures 34
The Cultural Conflict , 35
Historical Issues of Conflict Between Iraq and Iran , 37
The Political Environment of Conflict , 47
Rivalry Down the Gulf , 51
Oil , 52
Potential Common Interests , 52
Wild Cards , 55
Notes , 57
3 Iran and the Gulf, Part I: The Mists of History 58
A Rose by Any Other Name . . ., 59
A Gulf, or a Persian Lake? 60
Europe Enters the Gulf , 62
Iran's Moment of Glory -- and a Precedent Is Set , 63
What Is Arab and What Is Persian? 65
The Impact of the British , 66
Oil-and Its Massive Geopolitical Consequences , 67
First Stirrings of Egyptian Interest in the Gulf , 67
Notes , 68
4 Iran and the Gulf, Part II: Iran and the New Arab Challenge 70
Arab Meets Persian Again , 71
The Old Gulf Looks East. . . . , 71
. . . While the New Gulf Turns to the Arab West , 72
Britain Throws the Gulf Up for Grabs , 74
Who Is Keeping What Secure from Whom? 82
Notes , 84
5 Iran and the Gulf, Part III: Living with a Republican Iran 85
Iran Joins the Revolutionary Camp , 86
Changing the Rules of Self-Preservation , 86
The Legitimacy Trap , 87
Enter a New Corporate Player -- the Gulf Cooperation Council , 88
Iran's Strategic Dilemma -- Mishandled , 89
Iran's Islamic Challenge to the Gulf , 91
How Universal Is Khomeini's Revolution? 95
A Moderate Islamic Republic? 97
The Legitimacy Trap Revisited , 98
Could Iran Seek External Assistance? 99
A New Regional Security Order? 100
Iran, the Preeminent Power of the Gulf , 101
Notes , 102
6 Iran and Saudi Arabia: The Clash of the Fundamentalists 103
Early Fundamentalist Movements , 104
The Emergence of a Saudi Gulf Role , 106
Historical Saudi-Iranian Relations , 108
The Future Saudi-Iranian Struggle , 110
The Small Gulf States as Objects of Spoil , 111
Saudi Arabia as a Revolutionary Power , 112
Change in Gulf-Saudi Relations , 115
Conclusion , 117
Notes , 118
7 Iran, Lebanon, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict 119
Enemy of My Enemy , 121
Israel Redemonized , 123
Israel Encounters the New Iran , 124
Iran and Syria: Marriage of Convenience or Ideological Kinship? 125
Competing Models for Iran and the Future of Israel , 128
Stirring the Lebanese Cauldron , 130
Iran and the Arab World , 133
Notes , 135
8 Iran and Russia: Tsar Versus Shah 136
The Historical Threat from the North , 137
The Nature of the Challenge , 138
The Problem of Territorial Expansion , 139
Russia's Options , 141
Other Instruments of Russian Influence and Control , 142
Political Intervention , 144
Old Wine in New Bottles -- the Bolshevik Period , 145
Bolshevik Instruments of Influence and Control , 146
Soviet Goals During the Reza Shah Period (1921-1941) , 148
Iran's Own Calculations , 151
Notes , 152
9 Iran and the USSR After World War II 154
Mohammed Reza Shah Steps on the Stage , 155
Characteristics of the New Soviet-Iranian Relationship , 156
The Soviet Strategy , 159
Soviet Instruments , 160
Communist Russia Encounters a Radical Islamic Iran , 162
Notes , 166
10 Iran and the USSR: The Shape of Future Relations 168
Geopolitics , 169
Nationality Problems -- Iran's Permanent Dilemma , 170
Nationality Problems as a Two-Edged Sword , 171
Ideology's New Twist: The Islamic Factor , 176
The Future Role of Ideological Parties , 179
Reorientation of Moscow's Priorities and Interests , 181
The Transformation of Other Traditional Interests , 182
Iran's Regional Policies-and Moscow's Interests , 184
Contemporary Constraints on Moscow , 188
Notes , 189
11 Iran and Turkey: Rivals for Central Asian Leadership 191
rideological Struggle , 192
Iran and Turan , 193
Conquests and Borders , 194
Kurds , 195
The Watershed: New Nationalist States in Turkey and Iran , 197
The Reemerging Azerbaijan Issue , 199
Other Significant Bilateral Iranian-Turkish Issues , 201
Turkey and Iranian Stability , 205
Notes , 206
12 Iran and the Northern Tier Concept 208
The Evolution of Northern Tier Pact Relationships , 210
The Character of Northern Tier Interests , 214
Notes , 218
13 Iran Faces East: Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, and East Asia 219
The Cultural Links , 221
Irredentism -- Historical and Cultural , 223
Good Neighbor Relations , 224
India Complicates the Equation , 226
Disquiet in Tehran , 227
Communist Afghanistan , 228
Prospects for Afghanistan in the Iranian View , 230
Pakistan: With or Against Iran , 231
Iran and the Indian Ocean , 234
The Indian Factor , 234
India and the Gulf , 235
Emulation of South Asian Nuclear Developments? 237
China: The Silk Road Connection , 237
Japan: Oil Links , 239
Conclusion , 239
Notes , 240
14 Iran and the Global Vision 241
Quest for World Status , 241
Oil and the Imperial Vision , 244
Self-Reliance , 245
The Islamic Republic and the World , 246
Notes , 246
15 Iran and the United States 248
Iran and the Great Powers , 249
The United States and Iran , 249
Abiding Fear of Foreign Intervention , 254
Doing Business with a More Pluralistic Iran , 257
Notes , 259
16 Conclusion: The Anatomy of Iran's Future Foreign Policy 261
Imperial Monopoly of Foreign Policy? 262
The Historical Emergence of Domestic Politics as a Factor in Foreign Policy , 262
Public Opinion in the Islamic Republic , 265
Continuity and the Islamic Republic , 267
What Is the Iranian Foreign Policy "Norm"? 268
What Are Iran's Foreign Policy Alternatives? 270
Export of the Revolution: Newer Forms , 271
The Role of Shi'ism , 272
Islamic Democracy? 273
Iran, Democracy, and the Nationalities Question , 274
Notes , 275
Bibliography 277
About the Book and Author 281
Selected List of RAND Books 283
Index 285
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books on: (Iran Foreign Relations 1979 1997)  - 5537 results

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1.
Revolutionary States, Leaders, and Foreign Relations: A Comparative Study of China, Cuba, and Iran
Book by R. K. Ramazani, Houman A. Sadri; Praeger, 1997
Subjects: China--Foreign Relations--1949-, Comparative Government, Cuba--Foreign Relations--1959-, International Relations, Iran--Foreign Relations--1979-1997, Revolutionaries
...Revolutionaries. 3. Comparative government. 4. Iran Foreign relations 1979-5. China Foreign relations 1949- 6. Cuba Foreign relations 1959- I. Title. JX1395.S18 1997 327.101-dc20 96-32468 British Library Cataloguing...
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The Center of the Universe: The Geopolitics of Iran
Book by Graham E. Fuller; Westview Press, 1991
Subjects: Iran--Foreign Relations--1979-1997
...PB 1. Iran -- Foreign relations -- 1979- I. Title...historical relations may likely...we call Iran in its historical...pursuit of its foreign policy interests...examining Irans relations with, say...policies that Iran has pursued...scholars of the foreign policy process...
3.
Regional Power Rivalries in the New Eurasia: Russia, Turkey, and Iran
Book by Alvin Z. Rubinstein, Oles M. Smolansky; M.E. Sharpe, 1995
Subjects: Former Soviet Republics--Foreign Relations, Former Soviet Republics--Relations--Iran, Former Soviet Republics--Relations--Turkey, Iran--Foreign Relations--1979-1997, Iran--Relations--Former Soviet Republics, Turkey--Foreign Relations--1980-, Turkey--Relations--Former Soviet Republics
...relations. 6. Iran--Foreign relations--1979- . 7. Turkey...desire for better relations: In February 1986...fighting on the Iran-Iraq front, First Deputy Foreign Minister Georgii...Ayatollah Khomeinis 1979 revolution. In...
4.
Syria and Iran: Middle Powers in a Penetrated Regional System
Book by Anoushiravan Ehteshami, Raymond A. Hinnebusch; Routledge, 1997
Subjects: Iran--Foreign Relations--1979-1997, Iran--Politics And Government--1979-1997, Syria--Foreign Relations, Syria--Politics And Government
...Indeed, Irans relations with Arab...its overall foreign policy orientation: when Iran functioned...structures in 1979, however...policy-making in Iran and, as such...body where foreign policy is...international relations. Under the...culminated in Foreign Minister...agreement between Iran and the USSR...Turkey. Better relations with these...
5.
After Khomeini: New Directions in Iran's Foreign Policy
Book by K. L. Afrasiabi; Westview Press, 1994
Subjects: Iran--Foreign Relations--1979-1997
...0-8133-2115-8 1. Iran--Foreign relations--1979- I. Title...After the 1979 revolution...seeing in Iran during the...of Irans Foreign Policy...International Relations Theory and...modernization. On the relationship between Islam...an Islamic foreign policy...policies. See Iran and the World...Prentice-Hall, 1979...
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journal articles on: (Iran Foreign Relations 1979 1997)  - 456 results

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1.
Political Conditionality of Economic Relations between Paternalist States: Turkey's Interaction with Iran, Iraq, and Syria
Journal article by Mustafa Aydin, Damla Aras; Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ), Vol. 27, 2005
Subjects: European Union--International relations, Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988, Iran--International economic relations, Iraq--International economic relations, Syria--International economic relations, Syria--Political aspects, Turkey--International economic relations, Turkish foreign relations--Analysis
...Turkish exports between 1979 and 1984 were due to the Iran-Iraq war and other...main aims of Turkish foreign policy during that...Turkeys political relations with Iraq had become...Turkey and Syria in 1997 due to the latters...
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Chevronizing Foreign Relations Law
Journal article by Eric A. Posner, Cass R. Sunstein; Yale Law Journal, Vol. 116, 2007
Subjects: Administrative procedure--Laws, regulations and rules, Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council--467 U.S. 837 (1984), Delegation of powers--Laws, regulations and rules, Executive power--Laws, regulations and rules, Exterritoriality--Laws, regulations and rules, Extraterritoriality--Laws, regulations and rules, International relations--Laws, regulations and rules
...assistance in pressuring Iran to abandon its nuclear...the National Labor Relations Act to protect Americans aboard a foreign ship in American...THIRD) OF THE FOREIGN RELATIONS LAW OF THE UNITED...against enforcing foreign public law or foreign...courts); Bank Melli Iran v. Pahlavi, 58 F...
3.
Disregarding Foreign Relations Law
Journal article by Derek Jinks, Neal Kumar Katyal; Yale Law Journal, Vol. 116, 2007
Subjects: Administrative procedure--Laws, regulations and rules, Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council--467 U.S. 837 (1984), Delegation of powers--Laws, regulations and rules, Executive power--Laws, regulations and rules, International relations--Laws, regulations and rules, Judicial review of administrative acts--Laws, regulations and rules, Posner, Eric A.--Criticism and interpretation, Sunstein, Cass R.--Criticism and interpretation
...Army Reg. 190-8 section 1-1(a) (1997), available at http://www.usapa.army...see also RESTATEMENT (THIRD) OF THE FOREIGN RELATIONS LAW OF THE UNITED STATES section...that a sole executive agreement with Iran preempted state law breach of contract...
4.
The International Politics of Secularism: U.S. Foreign Policy and the Islamic Republic of Iran
Journal article by Elizabeth Shakman Hurd; Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 29, 2004
Subjects: Islam and politics--Iraq, Islam and politics--United States, Islam--Iraq, Islam--United States, Secularism--Analysis, United States foreign relations--Analysis
...insight into relations between the...Republic of Iran. In Iran...the 1978-1979 revolution...34, no. 1 (1997): 2. 4...United States Foreign Policy and...University Press, 1979), p. 317. On the relationship between violence...and of the foreign or Other...November 18, 1979, Yassir Arafat...Mission in Iran," Pew Case...
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"Jordan First": Jordan's Inter-Arab Relations and Foreign Policy under King Abdullah II
Journal article by Curtis R. Ryan; Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ), Vol. 26, 2004
Subjects: Abdullah II, King of Jordan--International relations, Inter-Arab relations--Analysis, Jordan--Military aspects, Jordan--Political aspects, Jordanian foreign relations--Analysis
...agreement with one another on some major foreign policy issues. At least verbally and officially...albeit in varying degrees. Jordanian-Syrian relations, in short, now bear no resemblance to...would last through the 1991 Gulf war. In 1979 Iraq initiated contacts aimed at closer...
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magazine articles on: (Iran Foreign Relations 1979 1997)  - 95 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Tempering Tantrums in Tehran
Magazine article by Ed Blanche; The Middle East, December 2005
Subjects: Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud--Foreign policy, Iran--Foreign policy, Iran--International aspects, Iran--Military policy, Iran--Political aspects, Iran--Religious aspects, Iranian foreign relations
...president from 1989 to 1997 and seen in some quarters...every centre of power in Iran. But it seems that in...lack of experience in foreign affairs, caused shudders...who had spearheaded the 1979 Islamic revolution with...has long juggled his relations with the volatile factions...
2.
The Nuclear Fat Is in the Fire: Iran Is Not Some Ill-Sorted Colonial Confection like Iraq with 80 Years on the Clock. This Proud, Ancient Nation Would Resist US Invasion at All Levels
Magazine article by James Buchan; New Statesman, Vol. 134, February 14, 2005
Subjects: Iran--Economic aspects, Iran--Military policy, Iran--Political aspects, Iranian foreign relations, Khatami, Mohammad, Nuclear facilities
...the US embassy in Tehran in 1979, was to turn the United States...the new Islamic Republic of Iran was a hybrid, part clerical...indulged their taste for theatrical foreign-policy gestures--such as the...and diplomatic sanctions. In 1997, a new era seemed to beckon...
3.
Handle with Care: Iraq We've Invaded. North Korea We Won't. That Leaves Iran, Where Most People Are Eager for Change-But Not the Kind That Current U.S. Policy Would Deliver. Here's a Smarter Way
Magazine article by Stephen Kinzer; The American Prospect, Vol. 15, April 2004
Subjects: Democracy--Iran, Democracy--Political aspects, Democracy--United States, Government resistance--Political aspects, Government, Resistance to--Political aspects, Iran--Political aspects, United States foreign relations--Planning
...presidential election in 1997," he lamented. "Now they...IF SO MANY PEOPLE IN IRAN ARE SO UNHAPPY WITH their...overthrow the shah in 1979, everyone from communists...Washington, would they welcome foreign intervention. Such intervention...advance in Iranian-American relations. Part of the reason is...
4.
Iran: Time for Detente
Magazine article by Stephen Zunes; Foreign Policy in Focus, Vol. 4, November 4, 1999
Subjects: Detente--Evaluation, History--Iran, International relations--Evaluation, Iran--Politics and government
...U.S. embassy in late 1979 and held them for 444...crisis in U.S.-Iranian relations that has yet to heal...the U.S. tried to play Iran and Iraq off against...has moderated both its foreign and domestic policies...election victory in May 1997. With extremist and militant...
5.
The U.S. and Iran: An Offer They Can't Refuse
Magazine article by Robin Wright, Shaul Bakhash; Foreign Policy, Fall 1997
Subjects: Iran--Relations with the United States, Khatami, Mohammed--Elections, United States--Relations with Iran
...and diplomatic relations - will probably...shift in Irans foreign policy will produce...destruction - Iran and the United...Affairs, May/June 1997). Former national...Backlash States" (Foreign Affairs, March...Quiet Overtures to Iran Following Election...Times, July 9, 1997). For background...
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newspaper articles on: (Iran Foreign Relations 1979 1997)  - 10 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 >>  
 
1.
The Iranian Threat; A New U.S. Strategy Is Needed
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, August 27, 2007
Subjects: Iranian foreign relations
...States broke diplomatic relations with Iran in 1979, declared it a terrorist...others; (3) supporting foreign terror groups like...consultations, revoke the 1997 Clinton/Albright State...would foster better relations with Iran. The MEKs leader, Maryam...
2.
U.S., Iran Officials Meet on Afghanistan Problem
Newspaper article by Betsy Pisik; The Washington Times, September 22, 1998
Subjects: Afghanistan, Iran, United Nations
...contact since 1979, met yesterday...Afghanistan and Iran. The meeting...Iranian Foreign Minister Kamal...no diplomatic relations with the United...president in August 1997, the United States and Iran have been making...that began in 1979 when Iranian...
3.
Obama Diplomacy
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, May 31, 2008
Subjects: Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, Diplomacy, Iranian foreign relations
...them are Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman...this: Since the 1979 Iranian Revolution...Islamic Republic of Iran. And a strong...president in 1997. The administration...enforcing the 1996 Iran-Libya Sanctions...which targeted foreign companies that...
4.
Hard-Liners Face Hurdles in New Iran; despite Poll Win, Options Limited
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, February 25, 2004
...Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in 1979. The French car manufacturer...invest $750 million in Iran over the next few years...in the groups public relations office. "The last parliament...liberal newspapers, and the Foreign Ministry has admitted...system. Beginning in 1997, President Mohammed Khatami...
5.
Jews' Arrest May Reflect Israeli-Iranian Struggle
Newspaper article by Kenneth Timmerman; The Washington Times, July 28, 1999
Subjects: Iran, Israel, Khatami, Mohammed
...negotiation, in which outgoing Foreign Minister Ariel Sharon...believed to be a captive in Iran, might be part of the...secrets to Israel. PRE-1979 OIL, ARMS DEALS The...Jews. In September 1997, a senior Israeli official...Khomeini cut off all relations with Israel after taking...
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encyclopedia articles on: (Iran Foreign Relations 1979 1997)  - 6 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-6 >>  
 
1.
Iran
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...On Nov. 4, 1979, Iranian militants...of diplomatic relations, and an unsuccessful...Iraq invaded Iran, commencing an...nuclear weapons. In 1997, Mohammed Khatami...progress. Also in 1997, Iran launched a series...more normalized relations, arguing that...
2.
Pakistan
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...deputy prime minister and foreign minister, came to power...return to Bangladesh. Relations with India remained strained...was hanged in Apr., 1979. In the 1980s Pakistan...President Leghari. In 1997, Leghari established...nuclear technology to Iran, Libya, and North Korea...
3.
United States
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...that nation. On Nov. 4, 1979, a group of militants seized the U.S. embassy in Iran, taking 66 hostages...dollar was strong in foreign markets. With the economy...worsened already bad relations with Arab nations; he...the president. By late 1997 independent prosecutor...
4.
Iraq
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...Saddam Hussein In 1979, President Bakr resigned...members. War between Iran and Iraq, primarily over...Iraq restored diplomatic relations in 1990. Throughout...Persian Gulf War ). Foreigners in Iraq and Kuwait were...government. In Oct., 1997, the UN disarmament commission...
5.
Great Britain
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...refineries in Iran, the Mau Mau uprising...reliance on coal and foreign fuel. Wilson resigned...1970s. In Mar., 1979, Callaghan left...sovereignty in 1997. In 1986, the...sometimes stormy relationship with the EU was...British-French relations and within the...elections of May, 1997, Labour won 418...
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