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The French Civil Service: Bureaucracy in Transition
The French Civil Service: Bureaucracy in Transition
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The French Civil Service: Bureaucracy in Transition

by Walter Rice Sharp. 594 pgs.

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Table of contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. THE SETTING OF THE PROBLEM 1
A. The Imperial Heritage 3
B. The Impact of Ètatisme 7
C. Quantitative Growth of the Civil Service 13
D. The Expansion of the State's Payroll 21
E. Current Orientation of the Problem 24
II. CENTRALIZATION MINUS INTEGRATION 27
A. The Régime of "Decrees" 27
B. An Un-coördinated Administrative Structure 32
C. The Internal Departmental Hierarchy 38
D. The Personnel Agency 42
III. TOWARD A GENERAL CIVIL SERVICE CODE 50
A. Syndicalism versus Authoritarianism 50
B. Personnel Regulation by Special Statutes 57
C. The Piece-meal Development of a General Code by Decree 61
D. The Rôle of the Council of State in Evolving a Legal Sanction 68
IV. THE BACKGROUND OF RECRUITMENT 75
A. The Passing of Patronage 75
B. The Changing Area of Selection 84
C. Undermining the Sex Barrier 91
D. Preference to War Veterans and Their Widows 97
E. Educational Preparation 101
F. Correlation of Educational System and State Recruitment 115
V. THE PROCEDURE OF EXAMINATION AND APPOINTMENT 121
A. Date and Place of the Concours 123
B. The Examining Board 127
C. Fixing the List of Eligible Applicants 130
D. The Examination Setting 131
E. Fixing the List of Applicants Admissible to Final Tests 132
F. The Final Rating of Testees 133
G. Preparation of the Employment List 137
H. Appointment and Assignment 138
VI. INITIAL SELECTION OF PERSONNEL 140
A. Responsible Administrative-Executive Positions 143
B. Minor Executive-Clerical Positions 154
C. Manipulative-Mechanical-Custodial Workers 160
VII. THE RECRUITMENT OF EXPERTISE: PROFESSIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC 171
A. Public School Teachers and University Staffs 172
B. The Judiciary 180
C. Engineers and Technicians 186
D. Other Technical and Scientific Specialists 190
VIII. CLASSIFICATION AND COMPENSATION 195
A. Pre-War Anomalies and Inequalities 195
B. Recent Efforts to Secure Salary Standardization 200
C. Supplementary Allowances and Perquisites 208
D. Hours, Leaves of Absence, and Working Conditions 214
E. Disability and Retirement Pensions 217
F. The French State as Paymaster 227
G. Conclusions 288
IX. THE MOVEMENT OF PERSONNEL: PROMOTION, TRANSFER, TURNOVER 243
A. Background of the French Approach to the Problem 246
B. The Mechanism of Promotion Procedure 250
C. The Evaluation of Criteria for Promotion 253
D. Continuation Training for Administrative Staffs 259
E. Assignment and Transfer 265
F. Tenure and Turnover 272
X. EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOR AND ITS SANCTIONS 283
A. Evolution of a Code of Disciplinary Procedure 284
B. How the Code Operates 292
C. Civic Rights and Political Activity 295
D. The Strike as a Weapon of Staff Defense 312
XI. DEPARTMENTAL STUDIES OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT 322
A. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 323
B. Ministry of Public Works 335
C. Ministry of Justice 340
XII. DEPARTMENTAL STUDIES OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (Continued) 355
D. Ministry of Finance 355
E. The P. T. T. 373
F. Ministry of Public Instruction 392
XIII. A MUNICIPAL CIVIL SERVICE: BORDEAUX 416
A. The Municipal Organization 417
B. The Personnel System 419
C. Morale and Efficiency 427
XIV. OFFICIAL BUREAUCRACY AND THE PUBLIC 431
A. The Temper of the French Bureaucrat 432
B. Procedural Vices: La Paperasserie 446
C. The Public's Reaction to Bureaucratic Pathology 453
XV. THE POTENTIALITIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE SYNDICALISM 460
A. The Struggle for the Right of Association 462
B. The Federal Structure of Staff Syndicalism 476
C. Organizational Processes and Leadership 484
D. Syndicalism as an Ameliorator of Employment Conditions 491
E. The Promotion of Administrative Reform 494
F. Employee Syndicalism as a Socio-Political Force 500
G. Menace or Promise? 503
XVI. THE RENOVATION OF BUREAUCRACY 509
A. Personnel Management Vitalized by Imagination 510
B. Stability and Integration in the Administration of Policy 530
C. Control by Advisory Functionalism 541
APPENDICES 563
INDEX 575
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