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The "Noble Experiment"

The "Noble Experiment"

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The "Noble Experiment"

by H. Bruce Brougham, Irving Fisher. 492 pgs.

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publication details

Contributors:

H. Bruce Brougham, Irving Fisher

Publisher:

Alcohol Information Committee

Place of Publication:

New York

Publication Year:

1930

Subjects:

Alcoholism, Prohibition--United States

Table of contents

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
	PREFACE TO THE "NOBLE EXPERIMENT"	xxi
	PREFACE TO "PROHIBITION STILL AT ITS WORST"	xxiii
	INTRODUCTION	xxvii

I.	AS TO NEED FOR RELAXATION? -14	3
	WET VIEW -8	3
	Starling's Conclusions	4
	Danger Begins With Intemperance	5
	Alcohol Causes Partial Paralysis	6
	Artists Need No Alcohol	7
	DRY VIEW -14	8
	Other Means of Relief	9
	Mass Existence Transformed	10
	Effect of Focusing Energy	11
	How Nerves Are Relaxed	12
	Hazarding New Habits	13
II.	IN A HIGH-POWERED AGE? -36	15
	WET VIEW -26	15
	Prohibition Enforced by duPonts	15
	Assents to Prohibition by Employers	18
	Mr. duPont's Personal Payroll	19
	Question of Drink Before Driving	20
	Most Drinking Is After Working Hours	21
	Drinker Escapes the Law	22
	Mr. Raskob Notes Lack of Respect for Law	23
	Pleads Personal Liberty	24
	DRY VIEW -36	26
	Menace of the Moderate Drinker	26
	Power of State to Prohibit	28
	Not Practicable to Prohibit Drinking	29
	Motor-Car Heads Support Prohibition	30
	New Diversions Supplant the Saloon	34
	Moderate-Drinking Driver Menaces Safety	34

III.	IN ITS EFFECTS ON YOUTH? -54	37
	WET VIEW -45	37
	Lessened First Convictions in Pre-Prohibition New York	37
	Arrests of Minors in Washington, D. C.	39
	Testimony of Salvation Army Officers	41
	DRY VIEW -54	45
	Wet in Sentiment, Dry in Practice	45
	Fewer Drunken Fathers and Criminal Youth	48
	Drink Not a Problem in High Schools	50
IV.	IN THE ATTITUDE OF PHYSICIANS? -71	55
	WET VIEW -61	56
	Physicians Equally Divided on Alcohol as Medicine	57
	States Had Determined Question	59
	Majority Opinion of Court Is Challenged	60
	DRY VIEW -71	62
	Alcohol Discarded as a Stimulant	63
	Few American Physicians Prescribe Spirits	69
V.	IN DEATHS FROM ALCOHOLISM? -89	72
	WET VIEW -79	72
	World Death Rates from All Causes	73
	Rising Death Rate from Alcoholism	74
	Alcoholism Deaths in the United States and Canada	75
	Poisoned Beverages Alleged Poisonous Quality of Liquor	76
	DRY VIEW -89	79
	Aged Liquor More Poisonous Than Unaged	81
	Death Rate Highest in Nullification Area	82
	Alcoholic Mortality in the United States	83
	Prohibition Lightens Mortality of Women and Children	85
	Alcohol Characterized a Slower Age	88
VI.	IN POVERTY, CRIME AND DISEASE? -106	90
	WET VIEW -96	90
	Reports of Increased Crime	90
	Reports of Alcoholic Diseases	93


	DRY VIEW -106	96
	Alcoholic Diseases Lessened for Nation as a Whole	97
	Crime and the Eighteenth Amendment	100
	Less Alcoholism, Less Poverty	104
VII.	IN INCREASED DRUNKENNESS? -128	107
	WET VIEW -114	107
	New York City Comparatively Sober	108
	Increasing Addicts and Drunken Drivers	112
	DRY VIEW -128	114
	Enormously Increased Price of Drinks	116
	Increased Strictness of Police in Arrests for Intoxication	119
	Drunken Drivers and Keeley Cures	123
VIII.	IN EMPLOYMENT AND INDUSTRY -149	129
	WET VIEW -135	129
	Economic Gains Not Exactly Measurable	130
	Economic Waste of Bootleg Traffic	132
	Loss from Illegally Diverted Alcohol	133
	DRY VIEW -149	135
	Six Billion Estimate Still Seems Safe	136
	Recent Reports on "Moderate" Drinking	139
	Alcohol Diversion Cut Off	146
IX.	IN CORRUPTION OF PROHIBITION AGENTS? -166	150
	WET VIEW -156	150
	Record of Shootings and Corruption	152
	Telephonic Eavesdropping	154
	DRY VIEW -166	156
	Dry Unit Now Divorced from Politics	161
	Old Prohibition Force Not All Bad	164
X.	IN APPROPRIATIONS FOR ENFORCE- MENT? -183	167
	WET VIEW -175	170
	What Price Enforcement in New York?	171
	Prohibition Agent's Experience	173



	DRY VIEW -183	175
	Federal and Local "Passing of Buck"	180
	The Promise of Changed Conditions	182
XI.	IN SMUGGLING AND ILLEGAL DIVER- SION OF ALCOHOL? -197	184
	WET VIEW -190	184
	Detroit as a Port for Contraband	185
	Estimated Liquor Turnover in Detroit	189
	Rum Shipments into New York	189
	DRY VIEW -197	190
	Dwindling of "Rum Row"	193
	Commissioner Doran Testifies	194
	Illicit Industry Now on Small Scale	197
XII.	IN A TYPICALLY DRY STATE? -223	198
	WET VIEW -206	198
	Before Eighteenth Amendment, Dry North Carolina Did Well	199
	Change for Worse After 1920	201
	Arrests for Intoxication in North Carolina	202
	Amount Spent for Enforcement by the U. S. Prohibition Unit in North Carolina	203
	Evidence of Increased Violations of Law	204
	DRY VIEW -223	206
	Dry Majority Approves Results	208
	Improvement of Gaston County	210
	Phenomenal Statewide Progress	212
	Records of Decreased Mortality	216
	Total Mortality and Mortality from Certain Causes	217
	Death Rates from Alcoholism and Cirrhosis of the Liver in the United States, North Carolina and Connecticut	220
XIII.	IN A TYPICALLY WET STATE? -245	224
	WET VIEW -230	224
	State Opinion Rejects Prohibition	225
	Hostile Courts and Juries	227
	A Demoralizing Business	229


	DRY VIEW -245	230
	Reduction in Death Rate	231
	Statistical Exhibit--Connecticut	237
	XIV. IN THE NATION'S CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL? -290	246
	WET VIEW -256	246
	Estimated Consumption--Year Ended June 30, 1926 (Estimate by Hugh F. Fox)	248
	Rejects "American Brewer" Estimate	248
	Estimate Based on Hop Crop	249
	The Hop Production (Estimate by Hugh F. Fox)	250
	Wine Consumption (Estimate by Hugh F. Fox)	252
	Adopts Buckner Figures as Basis	252
	Production and Consumption of Distilled Spirits (Estimate by Hugh F. Fox)	254
	A Post-Prohibition Increase	255
	DRY VIEW -290	256
	1918 Not Normal Pre-Prohibition Year	256
	Hops Used by Home-Brewers	260
	Estimate of Probable Consumption of Malt Liquors in the United States	265
	Estimate of Probable Consumption of Wine in the United States	277
	Distilled Spirits	278
	Estimated Total Consumption	286
	Estimated Per Capita Consumption of Absolute Alcohol in Beer, Wine, Distilled Spirits, and Aggregate	287
	Estimate of Aggregate Probable Consumption of Absolute Alcohol in Malt Liquors, Wines, and Distilled Spirits in the United States	289
	XV. IN PUBLIC SENTIMENT? 291-307
	WET VIEW -296	291
	Hysteria Produced National Prohibition?	292
	State Referenda	293
	Wet Prospects in Light of Popular Votes	295
	DRY VIEW 297-307
	Alfred E. Smith as Wet Champion	297


	Increased Dry Majority in Congress	303
	The "Wet Fringe"	305
	Prohibition "Waves"	306
XVI.	IN EDUCATION FOR TEMPERANCE? -322	308
	WET VIEW -313	308
	"Unscientific" School Textbooks	308
	Scientific Experiments	309
	The Pearl Experiments	310
	Modern Experiments Recording "Benefits"	311
	Temperance Teaching	312
	DRY VIEW -322	313
	Instruction in Schools	313
	Counter-Effects of Liquor Campaign	316
	A Modern Temperance Program	317
	Shortened Life of "Moderate" Drinkers	319
	Professor Westergaard's Criticism	320
	Teaching of Total Abstinence Justified	321
XVII.	IN THE LIGHT OF CANADA'S EXPERI- ENCE? -360	323
	WET VIEW -333	323
	Intoxicating Liquors are the Goal	324
	Hours of Sale	327
	Permits	328
	Interdicts	328
	Licenses	328
	Local Option	329
	Taverns	330
	Consumption of Liquor	331
	Sales of Spirits, Wine, and Beer in Quebec	331
	Imperial Gallons	332
	Consumption of Alcohol	332
	DRY VIEW 333-360
	No Leeway in Scientific Definition	333
	Increased Sales	336
	Bootleggery	339
	Night Clubs and Road Houses	343
	Law Loosely Observed in Cities	344
	Cancellation of Permits	347
	Experience in Quebec	347
	The Government Stores	348
	Convictions for Indictable Offenses in the Provinces of Canada	350

	Health Conditions in Quebec	352
	Motor Accidents	356
	Prosecutions for Violations of Liquor Laws	358
	XVIII. IN THE LIGHT OF BRITISH EXPERI- ENCE? -376	361
	WET VIEW -370	364
	Convictions for Drunkenness in England and Wales	366
	Death Rates from Alcoholism and Cirrhosis of the Liver in England and Wales	367
	Consumption of Absolute Alcohol in the United Kingdom	367
	DRY VIEW -376	370
	Per Capita Consumption of Spirits, Wine, and Beer in the United Kingdom	371
	Rates of Arrests or Convictions for Intoxication	372
	Death Rates from Alcoholism and Cirrhosis of the Liver in England and Wales	374

	PART II--WHAT SHALL WE DO ABOUT IT?
XIX.	CAN PROHIBITION BE REPEALED? -397	379
	WET VIEW -387	379
	Substitute for Prohibition Is Offered	379
	Rights of Wet States Asserted	381
	Smith Makes a Promise	382
	Appeals in Behalf of Parents	383
	Referendum Frown on Prohibition	386
	DRY VIEW -397	387
	"Keep Liquor Away from Them"	388
	Forty-six States Hard to Move	389
	Legislative Majority Votes Dry	391
	The Question of Fair Play	393
	Dry States Confirmed in Their Dryness	395
XX.	CAN PROHIBITION BE MODIFIED OR NULLIFIED? -415	398
	WET VIEW -406	398
	Object Is to Nullify the Intent	399
	Would Define Intoxicating Content	401

	Wets Generally Would Nullify	402
	Christian Martyrs Were Nullifiers	403
	DRY VIEW -415	406
	Reds and Other Law Defiers	407
	"An Old Man's View" for Violation	409
	Did the Fathers Die for Drinker's Right?	411
	Did We Want a Liquor President?	414
XXI.	CAN PROHIBITION BE ENFORCED? -441	416
	WET VIEW -424	416
	Enforcement vs. Bill of Rights	417
	Laws Enforced by Willingness	418
	Enforcement With 2.75 Per Cent Beer	419
	Drastic Definition of Intoxicant	421
	Nullification or Repeal Is Sought	422
	DRY VIEW -441	424
	Compelling Influence of Public Sentiment	424
	Evils are Exaggerated	434
	Drunks Found No More in Gutter	436
	Cannot Enforce by Making Law Moist	437
	Example of Pennsylvania	438
XXII.	CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS -455	442
	Industry Enforces Private Prohibition	442
	Opinion Sanctions Public Prohibition	444
	Canadian and British Conditions Not Preferable	446
	Bettered Enforcement, Lessened Consumption	447
	Economic Gains Are Undisputed	449
	Recent Substitutes for the Saloon	449
	Summary	454
	Letter from William H. Taft	457
	LIST OF AUTHORS, TITLES, AND PUBLISHERS -464	459
	INDEX -492	465
	LIST OF TABLES, GRAPHS, AND ILLUSTRATIONS
	TABLES

1.	Alcoholic Treatment of Diphtheria	67
2.	Alcoholic Beverages Prescribed in Paris Hospitals	68
3.	Alcoholic Beverage Consumption in Paris Hospitals	68
4.	World Death Rates from All Causes	73
5.	Patients in Hospitals for Mental Disease	98
6.	Intemperance as a Factor in Dependency	102
7.	Prices of Alcoholic Beverages Before and During Prohibition	115
8.	Arrests for Intoxication in the United States	124
	8a. Admissions of Inebriates to the Washingtonian Home of Chicago	128
	8b. Prohibition Bureau--Appropriations and Expenditures	183
9.	Estimated Liquor Turnover in Detroit	189
10.	Arrests for Intoxication in North Carolina	202
11.	Amount Spent for Enforcement by the U. S. Prohibition Unit in North Carolina	203
12.	Rates of Convictions by the Office of the Attorney General for Selling Intoxicating Liquor in North Carolina, 1898- 1914	204
13.	Rates of Convictions by the Office of the Attorney General for Selling Intoxicating Liquors in North Carolina, 1914-1928	205
14.	Statement of Number of Arrests, Seizures, etc., by Federal Prohibition Directors and by General Prohibition Agents in the State of North Carolina	207
15.	Total Death Rates and Rates for White and Colored Population in the United States, North Carolina, and Connecticut	219
16.	Death Rates from Alcoholism and Cirrhosis of the Liver in the United States, North Carolina, and Connecticut	220
17.	Fatalities from Automobiles in the United States, North Carolina, and Connecticut	221

18.	Admissions of Patients to Two State Hospitals for the Insane, North Carolina	223
19.	Death Rates in Connecticut	233
20.	Motor Vehicle Registration, Operators, Accidents, and Fatal Accidents in Connecticut	240
21.	Admissions to Connecticut State Hospitals	242
22.	Commitments to Jails in Connecticut and Habits of Prisoners	243
23.	Arrests for Intoxication in Connecticut	244
24.	Estimated Consumption--Year Ended June 30, 1926 (Estimate by Hugh F. Fox)	248
25.	The Hop Production (Estimate by Hugh F. Fox)	250
26.	Wine Consumption (Estimate by Hugh F. Fox)	252
27.	Production and Consumption of Distilled Spirits (Estimate by Hugh F. Fox)	254
28.	Correcting the Fox Estimates of Hops Available for Beer Production	261
29.	Estimate of Probable Consumption of Malt Liquors in the United States (Estimate of Robert E. Corradini)	265
30.	Grapes: Estimated Commercial Production in California, by Class, 1899-1928	269
31.	Estimate of Probable Consumption of Wine in the United States (Estimate of Robert E. Corradini)	277
32.	Estimate of Probable Consumption of Distilled Spirits in the United States (Estimate of Robert E. Corradini)	285
33.	Estimate of Aggregate Probable Consumption of Absolute Alcohol in Malt Liquors, Wines, and Distilled Spirits in the United States (Estimate of Robert E. Corradini)	289
34.	Permits Granted in the City of Montreal	335
35.	Permits Granted--District of Montreal and District of Quebec	336
36.	Sales of Wines and Spirits by the Quebec Liquor Commission	337
37.	Liquor Sales in the Province of Quebec	337
38.	Convictions for Drunkenness in the Provinces of Canada	351
39.	Prosecutions for Violations of Liquor Laws	358
40.	Convictions for Drunkenness in England and Wales	366
41.	Death Rates from Alcoholism and Cirrhosis of the Liver in England and Wales	367
42.	Consumption of Absolute Alcohol in the United Kingdom	367
43.	Rates of Arrests or Convictions for Intoxication (New York City, Greater London, Paris, Liege)	372
	GRAPHS

1.	Alcoholic Mortality in the United States, Eastern States, and Dry States	83
2.	Alcoholic Mortality in Certain Wet States and Dry States	83
3.	Percentage of Divorces Caused by Drunkenness in the United States	106
4.	Arrests for Intoxication in the United States	120
5.	Growth of Per Capita Savings in the United States--in 1913 Dollars	149
6.	Total Mortality and Mortality from Certain Causes	217
7.	Death Rates in Connecticut	237
8.	Rates of Jail Commitments in Connecticut	241
9.	Habits of Jail Inmates in Connecticut	241
10.	Estimated Per Capita Consumption of Absolute Alcohol in Beer, Wine, Distilled Spirits, and Aggregate	287
11.	Estimated Toxicity Curves of Distilled Spirits, Wine and Cereal Beverages, and of Aggregate in the United States	288
12.	Convictions for Indictable Offenses in the Provinces of Canada	350
13.	Per Capita Consumption of Spirits, Wine, and Beer in the United Kingdom	371
14.	Rates of Arrests for Intoxication--New York, Los Angeles, and Boston	373
15.	Rates of Arrests or Convictions for Intoxication--Paris, Liege, and London	373
16.	Death Rates from Alcoholism and Cirrhosis of the Liver in England and Wales	374
1.	Alcoholism Means Death to the Nation	353
2.	Instead of the Saloon, The "Tavern" in Montreal	359
3.	Government Dispensaries Have Not Abolished "Home Brew" in Toronto	359
4.	A Beer Restaurant in Montreal	360
5.	Brewery Truck Comes Into Its Own in Montreal	360

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