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The Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism
by Franz Cumont. 298 pgs.
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 publication details Table of contents
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. |
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INTRODUCTION.--The Significance of Franz Cumont's Work , By Grant Showerman |
v |
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PREFACE |
xv |
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION |
xxv |
| I. |
ROME AND THE ORIENT Superiority of the Orient , .--Its Influence on Political Institutions , .--Its Influence on Civil Law , .--Its Influence on Science , .--Its Influence on Literature and Art , .--Its Influence on Industry , .--SOURCES: Destruction of Pagan Rituals , .--Mythographers , .--Historians , 13 . --Satirists , .--Philosophers , .--Christian Polemicists , .--Archeological Documents , . |
1 |
| II. |
WHY THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS SPREAD Difference in the Religions of the Orient and the Occident , .--Spread of Oriental Religions , .--Economic Influences , .--Theory of Degeneration , .--Conversions are of Individuals , .--Appeal of the Oriental Religions to the Senses , .--Appeal to the Intelligence , .--Appeal to the Conscience , .--Inadequacy of the Roman Religion , .--Skepticism , .--Imperial Power , --The Purification of Souls , .--Hope of Immortality , .--Conclusion , . |
20 |
| III. |
ASIA MINOR Arrival of Cybele at Rome , .--Her Religion in Asia Minor , .--Religion at Rome under the Republic , .-- Adoption of the Goddess Ma-Bellons , .--Politics of Claudius , .--Spring Festival , .--Spread of the Phrygian Religion in the Provinces , .--Causes of Its Success , .-- Its Official Recognition , .--ARRIVAL OF OTHER CULTS: Mèn , .--Judaism , .--Sabazius , .--Anahita , .--The Taurobolium , .--Philosophy , .--Christianity , .--Conclusion , . |
46 |
| IV. |
EGYPT Foundation of Serapis Worship , .--The Egyptian Religion Hellenized , .--Diffusion in Greece , .--Adoption at Rome , .--Persecutions , .--Adoption Under Caligula , . --Its History , .--Its Transformation , .--Uncertainty in Egyptian Theology , .--Insufficiency of Its Ethics , .-- Power of Its Ritual , .--Daily Liturgy , .--Festivals , . --Doctrine of Immortality , .--The Refrigerium , . |
73 |
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| V. |
SYRIA The Syrian Goddess , .--Importation of New Gods by Syrian Slaves , .--Syrian Merchants , .--Syrian Soldiers , .--Heliogabalus and Aurelian , .--Value of Semitic Paganism , .--Animal Worship , .--Baals , .-- Human Sacrifice , .--Transformation of the Sacerdotal Religion , .--Purity , .--Influence of Babylon , .-- Eschatology , .--THEOLOGY: God is Supreme , .--God is Omnipotent , .--God is Eternal and Universal , .-- Semitic Syncretism , .--Solar Henotheism , . |
103 |
| VI. |
PERSIA Persia and Europe , .--Influence of the Achemenides , . --Influence of Mazdaism , .--Conquests of Rome , .-- Influence of the Sassanides , .--Origin of the Mysteries of Mithra , .--Persians in Asia Minor , .--The Mazdaism of Anatolia , .--Its Diffusion in the Occident , . --Its Qualities , .--Dualism , .--The Ethics of Mithraism , .--The Future Life , .--Conclusion , . |
135 |
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ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC Prestige of Astrology , .--Its Introduction in the Occident , .--Astrology Under the Empire , .--Polemics Powerless Against Astrology , .--Astrology a Scientific Religion , .--The Primitive Idea of Sympathy , .-- Divinity of the Stars , .--Transformation of the Idea of God , .--New Gods , .--Big Years , .--Astrological Eschatology , .--Man's Relation to Heaven , .--Fatalism , .--Efficacy of Prayer , .--Efficacy of Magic , . Treatises on Magic , .--Idea of Sympathy , .--Magic a Science , .--Magic is Religious , .--Ancient Italian Sorcery , .--Egypt and Chaldea , .--Theurgy , .-- Persian Magic , .--Persecutions , .--Conclusion , . |
162 |
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THE TRANSFORMATION OF ROMAN PAGANISM Paganism Before Constantine , .--Religion of Asia Minor , .--Religion of Egypt and Syria , .--Religion of Persia , .--Many Pagan Religions , .--Popular Religion and Philosophy , .--Christian Polemics , .--Roman Paganism Become Oriental , .--Mysteries , .--Nature Worship , .--Supreme God , .--Sidereal Worship , .-- The Ritual Given a Moral Significance , .--The End of the World , .--Conclusion , . |
196 |
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NOTES Preface , .--I. Rome and the Orient , .--II. Why the Oriental Religions Spread , .--III. Asia Minor , .-- IV. Egypt , .--V. Syria , .--VI. Persia , .--VII. Astrology and Magic , .--VIII. The Transformation of Paganism , . |
213 |
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INDEX |
289 |
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