Book details
Discover questia
|
The Wpa and Federal Relief Policy
by Donald S. Howard,. 879 pgs.
| Read the complete book The Wpa and Federal Relief Policy by becoming a questia.com member. Choose a membership plan to an academic-level library with more than 67,000 full-text books, 1.5 million articles, an entire reference set with a dictionary, encyclopedia, thesaurus plus a collection of digital tools to organize your information. |
publication details
 Table of contents
|
CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|
|
TABLES |
9 |
|
DIAGRAMS AND ILLUSTRATION |
13 |
|
FOREWORD BY |
15 |
|
AUTHOR'S PREFACE |
19 |
|
|
|
|
PART ONE THE SETTING |
|
|
|
|
| I. |
"THE PROBLEM OF RELIEF" |
25 |
|
Complexity of Relief Problems |
25 |
|
Current Public Relief Measures |
27 |
|
Numbers Granted Relief |
30 |
|
Costs of Relief |
35 |
|
Amounts of Relief Grants |
40 |
|
Public Relief, an Ancient Heritage |
40 |
|
Legal Basis of Public Relief |
41 |
|
Conditions Adverse to Development of Relief Programs |
43 |
|
A Fundamental Dilemma Underlying Relief Programs |
50 |
| II. |
GENERAL RELIEF |
51 |
|
Legal Foundations of State Programs |
52 |
|
Administrative and Financial Arrangements |
53 |
|
Form of Relief |
57 |
|
Groups Frequently Discriminated Against |
57 |
|
Differences Between States in Proportionate Numbers Granted Relief |
67 |
| III. |
ADEQUACY OF GENERAL RELIEF PROGRAMS |
70 |
|
Evidences of Unmet Need |
70 |
|
Amounts Granted as General Relief |
85 |
|
Standards Governing the Size of Relief Grants |
86 |
|
Hands-Off Policy of Federal Government |
96 |
|
|
|
|
PART TWO THE WPA AND ITS1 PROGRAM |
|
|
|
|
| IV. |
THE WPA: WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT WORKS |
105 |
|
Legal Basis of the WPA and Its Program |
106 |
|
Administrative Organization |
108 |
|
Personnel |
113 |
|
Administrative Costs |
121 |
| V. |
THE WPA: WORK AUTHORIZED AND UNDERTAKEN |
124 |
|
Permissible Projects |
124 |
|
Project Accomplishments |
125 |
|
Prohibited Projects |
131 |
|
Positive Requirements Regarding Projects |
140 |
|
Initiation and Approval of Projects |
144 |
|
Sponsors' Contributions |
145 |
|
Methods of Operation |
150 |
|
Appraisal of Projects |
153 |
| VI. |
WPA WAGE POLICIES |
158 |
|
Basis on Which Payment Is Made |
158 |
|
Relationship of Security Wages to Wages Paid in Private Employment |
165 |
|
Relationship of Actual Earnings to Scheduled Rates |
168 |
|
Relationship of Scheduled Rates to Family Needs |
172 |
|
Relationship of Scheduled Rates to Costs of Defined Standards of Living |
175 |
|
WPA Earnings Not Assignable |
179 |
|
WPA Pay: Wages for Work Done? |
179 |
| VII. |
EARNINGS AND SUPPLEMENTARY INCOME OF WPA WORKERS |
181 |
|
Actual Monthly Earnings |
181 |
|
Relationship of Average Earnings to Other Relief and Assistance Benefits |
186 |
|
Supplementation of WPA Earnings |
198 |
|
|
|
|
VIII. CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT |
213 |
|
Hours of Work and Hourly Rates of Pay |
213 |
|
Rights to Organize, to Present Grievances, and to Strike |
218 |
|
IX. CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT: USE OF AVAILABLE SKILLS VERSUS SKILL FOR THE JOB |
228 |
|
Employment in Relation to Skills |
228 |
|
Barriers to the Use of Workers' Special Skills |
231 |
|
The WPA's Use of Available Skills |
232 |
|
Skill for the Job |
236 |
|
Special Training Projects |
241 |
|
X. CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT: CONCLUDED |
244 |
|
A Day's Work for a Day's Pay |
244 |
|
Employment Near Workers' Homes |
262 |
|
Freedom from Discrimination and "Politics" |
264 |
|
Accident Prevention and Compensation |
264 |
|
|
|
|
PART THREE ELIGIBILITY |
|
| XI. |
ELIGIBILITY: AGE, SEX, AND RACE |
269 |
|
Age |
271 |
|
Sex |
278 |
|
Race, Color, and Creed |
285 |
| XII. |
ELIGIBILITY: POLITICS, CITIZENSHIP, AND SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITY |
299 |
|
Politics |
299 |
|
Citizenship |
303 |
|
Allegedly Subversive Activity |
318 |
| XIII. |
ELIGIBILITY: MILITARY SERVICE, RESIDENCE, AND FAMILY RESPONSIBILITY |
325 |
|
Military Service |
325 |
|
Residence |
332 |
|
Confinement in Penal or Correctional Institutions |
340 |
|
Family Status and Responsibilities |
341 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| XIV. |
ELIGIBILITY: NEED |
351 |
|
Need, a Prime Consideration |
351 |
|
Exceptions to General Policy |
356 |
|
Responsibility for Certification of Workers |
359 |
|
Appeals from Decisions Made by Co-operating Agencies with Respect to Need |
378 |
| XV. |
ELIGIBILITY: MEASURING NEED |
380 |
|
Need Considered on a Family Basis |
381 |
|
The Security Wage as a Measure of Need |
382 |
|
Family Budgets as Measures of Need |
384 |
|
Treatment of Income |
392 |
|
Treatment of Assets |
397 |
| XVI. |
ELIGIBILITY: RELATIVE NEED |
404 |
|
The Needy Versus Recipients of Relief |
406 |
|
The Needy with Income Versus Those Without |
414 |
|
Dependents of WPA Workers |
419 |
|
Departures from Relative Need Policy |
421 |
|
Differences of Opinion Regarding Relative Needs |
423 |
| XVII. |
ELIGIBILITY: SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS AND CONTINUED NEED |
425 |
|
Eligibility for Social Security Benefits |
425 |
|
Continued Need a Condition of Eligibility for Continued Employment |
441 |
| XVIII. |
ELIGIBILITY: EMPLOYABILITY |
448 |
|
Relation to Available WPA Jobs |
449 |
|
Relation to Labor Market |
451 |
|
Age, Physical and Mental Condition |
457 |
|
Responsibility for Determining Employability |
466 |
|
Appraisal of Success in Limiting WPA Employment to "Employables" |
466 |
| XIX. |
ELIGIBILITY: UNEMPLOYED, SEEKING WORK, AND AVAILABLE FOR WORK |
472 |
|
Unemployed |
472 |
|
Seeking Work and Willing to Work |
481 |
|
Available for Work |
483 |
|
|
|
| XX. |
ELIGIBILITY: UNAVAILABILITY OF OTHER WORK AND AVAILABILITY OF WPA JOBS |
486 |
|
Unavailability of Other Work |
486 |
|
Availability of WPA Jobs |
499 |
|
Effect of Occupation upon Eligibility |
501 |
| XXI. |
ELIGIBILITY: PERFORMANCE ON THE JOB AND DURATION OF EMPLOYMENT |
514 |
|
Performance on the Job |
514 |
|
Duration of Employment |
515 |
|
|
|
|
PART FOUR NUMBERS EMPLOYED |
|
| XXII. |
WPA EMPLOYMENT |
531 |
|
Fluctuations in Employment |
531 |
|
Comparisons with Private Employment |
533 |
|
WPA Employment in Relation to Unemployment and to General Relief Cases |
535 |
|
Employment by States |
537 |
| XXIII. |
DETERMINANTS OF VOLUME OF WPA EMPLOYMENT |
559 |
|
The Amount of Money Available |
559 |
|
Lack of Defined Goals |
561 |
|
Difficulties Involved in Forecasting |
567 |
|
Considerations Affecting Volume of WPA Employment |
570 |
|
Forces Working for and Against More WPA Jobs |
576 |
|
Compensating for Bad Guesses of Future Needs |
583 |
| XXIV. |
DETERMINATION OF MONTHLY AND STATE EMPLOYMENT LEVELS |
586 |
|
Determination of Monthly Employment Levels |
586 |
|
Distribution of Employment by States |
596 |
|
|
|
|
XXV. MEASUREMENTS OF ADEQUACY OF WPA EMPLOYMENT |
605 |
|
Estimates of Adequacy |
605 |
|
Contentions That the WPA Has Employed Too Many |
606 |
|
Contentions That the WPA Has Employed Too Few |
606 |
|
Criteria Used in Measuring Adequacy |
609 |
|
Presumably Eligible Workers Unassigned to WPA Jobs |
610 |
|
Employable Persons Granted General Relief |
617 |
|
Increases in Relief Rolls Due to WPA Discharges |
625 |
|
Need Among Workers Discharged by the WPA |
628 |
|
Establishment of and Demands for State and Local Work-Relief Programs |
633 |
|
Demands for Broader Federal Participation in the Total Relief Program of the Nation |
640 |
|
|
|
|
PART FIVE THE BROADER ISSUES |
|
| XXVI. |
FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR MEETING RELIEF NEEDS |
643 |
|
Increased Responsibility for Relief Only One Aspect of the Changing Role of the Federal Government |
643 |
|
Considerations Favorable to Enlarging the Role of the Government in Various Social Programs |
645 |
|
Factors Having a Special Bearing on Growth of Federal Responsibility for Relief Needs |
648 |
| XXVII. |
FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITY: MORE EQUITABLE SPREADING OF THE COST |
660 |
|
Tendency of the Federal Government to Levy Taxes in Accordance with Ability to Pay |
660 |
|
Broader Tax Base of the Federal Government |
667 |
|
Uneven Distribution of Resources and Need |
672 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| XXVIII. |
FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITY (CONTINUED) |
692 |
|
Precedents for Using Resources and Power of the Federal Government to Aid Disadvantaged Groups |
692 |
|
Better Understanding Among Federal Officials and Legislators of Existing Needs |
701 |
|
The "National Interest" and Federal Responsibility for Relief |
706 |
|
Division of Opinion with Respect to Federal Responsibility for Relief |
709 |
| XXIX. |
"SPECIAL" FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR NEEDS ARISING FROM UNEMPLOYMENT |
715 |
|
The Principle Stated |
715 |
|
The Principle Breaks Down |
716 |
|
The Principle Is Given a New Lease of Life |
717 |
|
Considerations Advanced in Support of "Special" Responsibility for the Unemployed |
720 |
|
Opposition to the Principle of "Special" Responsibility |
727 |
|
"Special" Responsibility in Operation |
731 |
| XXX. |
FEDERAL VERSUS STATE AND LOCAL FINANCING AND CONTROL |
734 |
|
The Case for Federal Control Over a Work Program |
734 |
|
Arguments Raised Against Highly Centralized Control |
751 |
| XXXI. |
FEDERAL CONTROL AND NATIONAL UNIFORMITY |
759 |
|
Local Control a Threat to Continuance of the Work Program |
760 |
|
Local Control a Threat to Federal Wage Standards |
762 |
|
Non-Discrimination and Humane Administration |
765 |
|
Limitations Upon Central Controls |
768 |
|
How Much Uniformity Should There Be? |
769 |
|
Central Control Not Necessarily Inflexible |
770 |
|
|
|
| XXXII. |
WORK VERSUS UNEMPLOYMENT |
775 |
|
"Jobs for the Jobless" |
775 |
|
The Case for Work as Opposed to Idleness |
777 |
| XXXIII. |
WPA EMPLOYMENT VERSUS DIRECT RELIEF |
805 |
|
The Administration's Stand Against Direct Relief for Employable Workers |
805 |
|
Position of Congress |
809 |
|
Additional Supporters of Work Relief |
810 |
|
The Case for Work as Opposed to Direct Relief |
811 |
|
Some Counter-Considerations |
827 |
| XXXIV. |
CONCLUSIONS |
836 |
|
The Federal Government and Direct Relief |
836 |
|
The Federal Government and Jobs for the Jobless |
841 |
|
APPENDIX |
853 |
|
INDEX |
863 |
Mary Favret He died, and the world showed no outward sign. . . . He died, and his place . . . has never been filled up. Mary Shelley, Preface to The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley Any objective method, duly verified, belies the initial contact with the object. It must first scrutinize everything...
Laurie Langbauer
Writing in the first issue of Cultural Studies , the Australian critic Jennifer Craik cites Stuart Hall and Tony Bennett to argue that "the development of cultural studies has seen an uneasy alliance. . . which overlooks the intrinsic incommensurability...
 Advanced Search
|
|