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Time Runs out in Cbi
Time Runs out in Cbi
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Time Runs out in Cbi

by Charles F. Romanus, Riley Sunderland. 428 pgs.

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publication details

Contributors:

   Charles F. Romanus, Riley Sunderland

Publisher:

   Office of the Chief of Military History

Place of Publication:

  Washington  

Publication Year:

  1959
Subjects:   World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Burma, World War, 1939-1945--China
Table of contents
Contents
PART ONE
Opening the Road to China
I. NEW COMMANDERS IN A SPLIT THEATER 3
The Political and Economic Scene in China 7
Wedemeyer's Missions and Roles 14
The U.S. Command Structure in China Theater 19
The U.S. Projects in China 24
Sultan's Task 29
The American Effort in India Burma 33
The SOS in India, Fall 1944 36
Supply Activities in India 40
Lend-Lease to China 43
II. WEDEMEYER BEGINS HIS WORK IN CHINA 46
Japanese Plans in American Eyes 46
The Japanese Side of the Hill 49
Wedemeyer's Reactions to the Chinese Scene 51
The Japanese Begin To Threaten 55
ALPHA: Beginning an Attempt To Save 56
Chinese Reactions to ALPHA 61
Strengthening the Chinese Forces 64
Filling the Gaps in the Chinese Divisions 66
Plans To Break the Transport Bottleneck 67
Attempts To Arm Hsueh Yueh 71
Plans To Use the Chinese Communists 72
III. BEGINNING THE FALL CAMPAIGN IN NORTH BURMA 77
The Situation at the Front 77
Planning the First Directive 81
Events Cancel the Attack on Rangoon 85
Allied Land Forces, Southeast Asia 87
NCAC Prepares To Resume Operations 89
Logistical Support 96
Japanese Plans and Preparations 98
Reopening the Fight 101
The Attack in the Center 106
Fighting Around Tonkwa 110
IV. BREAKING THE BLOCKADE OF CHINA 114
NCAC Drives Toward China 114
Attack on Bhamo 118
Last Days of the Burma Blockade 123
The End of the Salween Campaign 130
Opening the Ledo Road 136
V. THE CREST OF THE FLOOD IN CHINA 142
Wedemeyer Asks Help From SEAC 142
Reaching a Decision 145
Moving Reinforcements to China 147
Attempts To Reinforce the Kweiyang Area 150
Wedemeyer Reshapes His Organization 155
Moving Toward Better Co-ordination 158
The Japanese Menace at Its Height 164
Wedemeyer's Views on China's Problems 165
Cherry Blossom and Sea Wind 169
The Fourteenth Air Force Versus the Japanese 170
The Suichuan Operation 176
PART TWO
Plans and Preparations for Opening a Port in China
VI. THE MARS FORCE AND THE BURMA ROAD 183
Marsmen Prepare for Battle 183
Over the Hills and Through the Woods 186
Harassing Japanese Traffic 190
The Block Disapproved 199
VII. VICTORY IN BURMA FREES TROOPS FOR CHINA 206
MARS's Last Fight 206
Clearing Loi-kang Ridge 209
From Combat to Administration 211
The British 36th Divislion Wins Its Hardest Fight 214
The Burma Campaign Moves Toward a Climax 217
Slim Wins the Decisive Battle 220
Reinforcements for China Theater 223
Lashlo and the Reinforcement Problem 226
VIII. FINDING A WAY TO ADVISE AND ASSIST 231
Making Liaison Effective 231
Working Out the Thirty-six-Division Plan 238
Food for the ALPHA Soldiers 241
Carrying Out the Food Program 244
Problems and Accomplishments of the Food Program 246
The Student Volunteers 247
No Arms for the Chinese Communists 249
Conductin a Stralghtforward Show 254
The Problem of French Indochina 259
IX. MEETING THE FIRST TESTIN CHINA 262
The Thirty-six Divisions Take Form 262
Eastern Command's Work Interrupted 269
The American Share in the Chihchiang Campaign 276
The Test Successfully Passed 285
X. ROLE OF THE INDIA-BURMA BASE 291
A Unified Command Structure 291
Personnel Management Problems 294
Social Problems 297
Preventive Medicine 301
Reciprocal Aid and Lend-Lease to India 303
Supply Policies for China Theater Projects 306
Ports, Pipelines, and Railroads 309
Operating the Line of Communications to China 313
The Line of Communications Reappraised 318
Transferring Support From SEAC to China 321
The Last Battles in Burma 325
XI. PREPARING A DRIVE TO THE CHINA COAST 330
Plan BETA 330
Wedemeyer's Visit to Washington 336
Logistical Obstacles to BETA 340
SOS Problems and China Operations 346
The Japanese Save RASHNESS 349
The Drive to the Sea Moves Off Dead Center 353
New Commanders for CARBONADO 356
Preparations To Open a Seaport 360
Problems of the Ground Line of Communications 363
Logistical Problems of Fort Bayard 366
No.
XII. THE END OF WEDEMEYER'S EXPERIMENT 368
The Chinese Army, Summer 1945 368
The School System of the Chinese Training Center 373
Helping the Chinese SOS 378
The Communist Problem Emerges Again 381
The Chinese Reoccupy Their Land 386
What Are the Problems of a Sudden Peace? 388
Events in the Pacific Overtake CARBONADO 392
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 397
GLOSSARY 402
BASIC MILITARY MAP SYMBOLS 405
INDEX 409
1. Tonnage Supplied to China From India-Burma: October 1944-September 1945 14
2. Organization of U.S. Forces, China Theater: January 1945 20
3. Allied Chain of Command: November 1944 30
4. Chinese ALPHA Forces: 36-Division Force 237
5. Sino-American Liaison System (Schematic) 263
1. Tonnages Delivered by India-China Division, ATC 40
2. Comparison of Japanese and Chinese Division Firepower 232
3. U.S. Troop Strengths, China Theater: 1945 258
4. Vehicle and Cargo Deliveries to China and Burma by Months: 1945 317
5. Gasoline Deliveries by Pipeline to China 318
6. Division Training Status: 5 August 1945 372
7. Chinese Order of Battle: 31 August 1945 382
Maps
No. Page
1. China (National Geographic Society Map) Inside back cover
2. India-Burma Theater, 1944-1945 7
3. China-Burma-India Line of Communications, July 1945 35
4. Situation in China, October 1944 48
5. The ALPHA Plan, November 1944 59
6. India and Burma () Inside back cover
7. Disposition of Forces, 15 October 1944 76
8. North Burma Operations, 15 October-31 December 1944 101
9. Opening the Road to China 124
10. End of the Salween Campaign, 3 November 1944-27 January 1945 132
11. The Suichuan Operation, January 1945 177
12. Securing the Burma Road, January-March 1945 183
13. The MARS Force, 19 January 1945 191
14. Offensive of British Fourteenth Army, 12 December 1944-3 May 1945 217
15. The Chihchiang Campaign, 8 April-7 June 1945 271
Illustrations
Maj. Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer Arriving at Chungking 5
Terrain in the Kunming Area 11
C-46 of the Air Transport Command 13
Ancient Chinese Villager 17
Maj. Gen. Claire L. Chennault 22
Kunming Airfield 24
India-Based B-29'S 25
Y-Force Officers 29
Lt. Gen. Daniel I. Sultan 31
Loading River Boats 36
Loading Boxcars 37
Bulldozer in Operation South of Myitkyina 39
Jorhat Airfield 42
Nationalist Chinese Soldiers 53
Chinese Refugees Evacuating Liuchow 55
General Dorn 61
Lux Convoy 69
Col. David D. Barrett 73
Tank Farm at Myitkyina 78
Second Quebec Conference 83
Bivouac Area of the 475th Infantry 95
Jeep Train on a Narrow-Gauge Line 99
Maj. Gen. Francis W. Festing and General Sultan 103
British Casualties 106
Pack Artillery Troops 107
Field Conference at Sikaw, Burma 111
Christmas Day at Tonkwa 112
General Sultan and General Sun Li-jen 117
Front-Line Position 121
Burmese Idol in Namhkam 128
Two Soldiers 129
Ponton Bridge Over the Irrawaddy River 137
Chinese Coolies Leveling a Roadbed 139
Chinese 22d Division Troops 149
Chinese-American Staff Conference 153
B-29's Head for Rangoon 160
General Wedemeyer Visits Western Command Headquarters 163
Fourteenth Air Force B-24 172
Mule Skinners and Pack Animals 185
Bamboo Bridge Over the Shweli River 188
Marsmen Cut Cross-Country 193
Marsmen on Loi-Kang Ridge 196
Japanese Truck and Tankette 197
Mortar Squad, 124th Cavalry 201
An 81-mm. Mortar Crew 205
Silver Rupees for Battle Damage 213
Allied Leaders Plan Operations 224
Men of the 988th Signal Battalion 229
Chinese Senior Officers 234
Chinese Artillerymen 239
The Honorable Patrick J. Hurley 250
Chinese Mechanics Reassembling Lend-Lease Jeep 256
Chinese Hostel at an American Air Base 257
Col. Emerick Kutschko 265
Col. Woods King 272
Eastern Command Headquarters Conference 277
Chinese New Sixth Army Troops 280
Chinese Boatmen 284
Waiting at Chenyi Airfield 288
P-51's Moving Through the Streets of Karachi 292
Army Air Force Fuel Dump at Assam 312
Brig. Gen. Haydon L. Boatner 315
Illustrations are from .
American Officers, OSS Detachment 101 326
Lt. Gen. Raymond A. Wheeler 328
Meeting at Yalta 331
Soldiers on a Troop Train 341
Maj. Gen. Howard C. Davidson 344
General Tang En-Po 354
The Generalissimo Honors General Chennault 358
Kwangsi Command Headquarters 361
Chinese Army Replacements 370
New Chinese Soldiers 371
Demolitions Class on a Bridge 376
Maj. Gen. Henry S. Aurand 379
Liuchow Airstrip 388
Returning to Liuchow 389
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books on: (World War 1939 1945 Campaigns Burma) OR (World War 1939 1945 China)  - 17808 results

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1.
U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939-1945
Book by Gordon L. Rottman; Greenwood Press, 2002
Subjects: United States--Marine Corps--Aviation, United States--Marine Corps--History--World War, 1939-1945, United States--Marine Corps--Organization, United States--Marine Corps--Registers, World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Pacific Ocean
...in exchange for 50 World War I destroyers. Marine...Garde DHaiti from 1939 to 1945 and estab- lished...few operated in Burma, Ceylon, and Malaya...units deployed the world over and manned by...served during the war. The Navys Underwater...naval battle of World War II was fought by...
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A World in Flames: A Short History of the Second World War in Europe and Asia, 1939-1945
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Book by John L. Snell; Houghton and Mifflin Company, 1963
Subjects: World War, 1939-1945--Diplomatic History
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4.
Chronology and Index of the Second World War 1938-1945
Book; Meckler, 1990
Subjects: World War, 1939-1945
Chronology and Index of the Second World War, 1938-1945 Chronology and Index of the Second...0-88736-568-X : $ 1. World War, 1939-1945 -- Chronology. I. Royal Institute...6.15 p.m. Japan requests closure of Burma Road; British reply, July 8; reconsidered...July 29 Mr. Churchill reviews war production in House of Commons; refuses...Japan use of 8 aerodromes in Indo-China. Japanese bomb U.S. gunboat Tutuila...London; Soviet-German treaties of 1939 annulled; Polish army to be formed in...
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World War II Pacific Island Guide: A Geo-Military Study
Book by Gordon L. Rottman; Greenwood Press, 2002
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...USA assaults Mindoro, PI. 1945 3 Jan USN conducts air attacks...important roles early in the war when the Allies were on the...of a base at Pearl Harbor (World War II code name DREAM) was...Harbor, began in the fall of 1939. The base is located on the...established on I November 1945. The naval air base was refurbished...discuss the conduct of the Korean War. From 1962, Wake was the joint...
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journal articles on: (World War 1939 1945 Campaigns Burma) OR (World War 1939 1945 China)  - 534 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
'International Orphans' - the Chinese in Thailand during World War II
Journal article by E. Bruce Reynolds; Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 28, 1997
Subjects: Armed forces in foreign countries, Japanese--History, Chinese in Thailand--History, Refugees--China, Thailand--Social aspects, World War, 1939-1945--Refugees
...disaster during World War II, but have paid...Overt anti-Japanese campaigns ended, although...British Malaya and Burma. Secondly, the Japanese...proposal, for fiscal 1945, would total 250...been organized in 1939 by Chinese Communist...until the end of the war.(67) In September...Shoin. By late March 1945, he was expressing...Legation, 19 Oct. 1945 in Box 59, Records...agent during the war, would later be...
2.
Apologies for Atrocities: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of World War II's End in the United States and Japan
Journal article by Kyoko Kishimoto; American Studies International, Vol. 42, 2004
Subjects: World War II, 1939-1945--History
...in American Culture: Society and Consciousness During World War II, ed. Lewis A. Erenberg and Susan E. Hirsch (University...Malleable and the Contested: The Nanjing Massacre in Postwar China and Japan," Perilous Memories, 50-86). (29) According...respectively) and the dates they were dropped (August 6, 1945 and August 9, 1945, respectively). More importantly is...Pacific War in Japanese High School History Textbooks from 1945 to 1995 (Thesis, University of San Francisco, 1999); Hein...Most of these women were from Korea, but others were from China, the Dutch East Indies, Taiwan, Malaysia, Burma, and the...their twenties and thirties) where they learned about World War II and most said that they learned about Japans history...
3.
Anti-Japanese Activities in North Borneo before World War Two, 1937-1941
Journal article by Danny Wong Tze-Ken; Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 32, 2001
Subjects: Borneo--History, Chinese in Asia, Southeastern--History, Sino-Japanese Conflict, 1937-1945--Borneo
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Japan's Intentions for It Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere as Indicated in Its Policy Plans for Thailand
Journal article by William L. Swan; Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 27, 1996
Subjects: Greater East Asia co-prosperity sphere--Evaluation, Japan--Relations with Thailand, Thailand--History, World War, 1939-1945--Political aspects
...make that country a suitable rear area for pursuing their campaigns in Southeast Asia. For the most part the Japanese received...to coordinate national planning for the execution of the war. Decisions adopted at these liaison conferences were formalized...The British empire in particular, stretching across the world, presented an ad hoc, patchwork appearance with no overall...empire pertained strictly to its strategic location vis-a-vis Burma and Malaya and its economic integration with Malaya, Singapore...M.R. Peattie (eds.), The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), especially...
5.
Planning Memory: Living Memorials in the United States during World War II
Journal article by Andrew M. Shanken; The Art Bulletin, Vol. 84, 2002
Subjects: United States history--1933-1945, United States--History, War memorials--Social aspects, World War, 1939-1945--Monuments, statues, etc.
...civic organizations and several prominent architects, including Antonin Raymond, American City published a pamphlet in 1945 detailing a broad range of living memorials, which shows the subtle shift from civic buildings to memorials that performed "community services." (26) The change reflects yet one more difference between the living memorial movement in the two world wars. The shift in focus brought new players into the movement. At the heart of the World War II movement for living memorials was a New Deal federal agency called the Federal Security Agency (FSA). Brought into being by the Reorganization Act of 1939, the FSA consolidated the administration of a number of preexisting agencies, including the Civilian Conservation Corps...
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magazine articles on: (World War 1939 1945 Campaigns Burma) OR (World War 1939 1945 China)  - 171 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Shock Treatment: Horrible as the Destruction at Hiroshima and Nagasaki Was, a Continuing War Would Have Been Far Worse
Magazine article by Michael B. King; National Review, Vol. 47, April 3, 1995
Subjects: Bombings, Hiroshima, Japan, Nagasaki, Japan, World War, 1939-1945--Military aspects
...analysis versus defensive emotionalism. As any student of World War II knows, this dichotomy is baloney; historians for the...Granting that much of the criticism heard since August 1945 has been discreditable (e.g., anti-anti-Communists citing...operations, including an Anglo-Indian assault on Thailand (from Burma); a British - Australian return to Malaya (aiming to recapture...Japanese forces left behind during the ``leapfrog island campaigns through the south and central Pacific (e.g., the tens of...
2.
Hinge of Fate
Magazine article by Michael B. King; National Review, Vol. 45, March 1, 1993
Subjects: British foreign relations--Germany, German foreign relations--United Kingdom, German foreign relations--United States, Germany, Hitler, Adolf--International relations, United Kingdom, United States foreign relations--Germany, World War, 1939-1945--History
...Rabaul is smashed in the process. The British recapture Burma and plan Anglo-Australian amphibious assaults on the Japanese-held...Germany triumphant in Europe and fomenting trouble around the world. Dewey and Vandenberg learn of the American atom-bomb program...the Reich. The Great European and Pacific Wars end in 1945. With Moscow surrounded, no fuel for the surviving tanks...pleads for peace. The Nazis are exhausted by four years of war, and for once behave more like their Wilhelmine predecessors...reject a hot war with the AngloAmerican alliance, they pursue campaigns of subversion against British colonies in Africa and Asia...
3.
The 'Unnecessary Necessity': The CENTURY in World War II
Magazine article by Mark G. Toulouse; The Christian Century, Vol. 117, July 5, 2000
Subjects: The Christian Century (Periodical)--History, World War, 1939-1945--Media coverage
The unnecessary necessity: The CENTURY in World War II by Mark G. Toulouse AT FIRST THE EDITORS...the truth about the Nazis extermination campaign (May 9, 1945). AS THE AXIS POWERS began snatching territory across...remain "aloof" from such blatant power politics (April 12, 1939). Though, after the war began, editorials readily admitted...is required to guard against hysteria, to combat the hate campaigns that are already well advanced, to resist racial phobias...
4.
Blacks in World War II
Magazine article by Kevin Chappell; Ebony, Vol. 50, September 1995
Subjects: African American soldiers--History, World War, 1939-1945--African Americans
...Miller was awarded the navy Cross. During the beginning of the war, most Blacks were, like Miller, happenstance heroes. Being assigned...became obvious they were some of the finest fighting men in the world. One example was the record established by the five Black soldiers...
5.
Commemorating the End of the Second World War in Europe
Magazine article; UN Chronicle, Vol. 32, September 1995
Subjects: Boutros Ghali, Boutros--Addresses, essays, lectures, Moscow, Russia--Rites and ceremonies, World War, 1939-1945--Rites and ceremonies
Commemorating the end of the Second World War in Europe In paying tribute to all who had fought in the...discuss the role of the Russian Federation and the UN in the modern world, peace-keeping, the former Yugoslavia, and conflict situations...
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newspaper articles on: (World War 1939 1945 Campaigns Burma) OR (World War 1939 1945 China)  - 27 results

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1.
BOOK REVIEWS: Europe at War 1939-1945: No Simple Victory by Norman Davies, Macmillan, Pounds 25
Newspaper article; The Birmingham Post (England), January 27, 2007
BOOK REVIEWS: Europe at War 1939-1945: No Simple Victory by Norman Davies, Macmillan, Pounds 25...States of Europe. Now he has turned his attention to the Second World War and his target is the western-centric, triumphalist view of...
2.
Commemorating the End of the Second World War in the Pacific
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, September 2, 2007
Commemorating the End of the Second World War in the Pacific. ON September 2, 1945, on board the battleship USS Missouri, representatives of the...other in Europe, with the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939. The war spread to other neighboring nations, splitting the...
3.
The Forgotten War; It's 60 Years since the Burma Campaign Reached Its Bloody Climax. Commemorates This Overlooked Battle, David Powell Talks to Three as a New Book of Its Survivors
Newspaper article; Daily Post (Liverpool, England), October 28, 2004
...arrows, spears and knives during the Burma Campaign of World War II. As evidence, they had to slice off the victims ear...laughter. It was in 1941 that Japanese troops invaded Burma to protect their victories in Malay a and Singapore and...and signed up on the day war broke out on September 3, 1939. At first he trained on machine guns in Guernsey and...and by chance heard an historic radio message in August 1945. A voice in English said Allies would drop an ``horrendous...before sweeping west to Burma. As the Allies fought tough campaigns in Kohima and Imphal, Rev Dawsons launch unit and others...
4.
THE HOMECOMING; This Weekend, Britain Celebrates the End of the War
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), July 9, 2005
...died during the countrys occupation by the Japanese, civil war erupted between Mao Tse-tungs communists and Chiang Kai-sheks...become prisoners. Some 1.68 million Russians went home in 1945, and by 1953 a further four million were returned to their...letters on the battlefield or behind the wire - even on the Burma Death Railway - announcing their wives transfers of allegiance...Poles? Britain had declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939, when the Nazis invaded Poland. In 1945, like millions of...least as brutal as that of Hitler. Thus, Allied victory in World War II was less complete than Winston Churchill, more than...
5.
Yes, America Helped Us Win the War - but They've Made Us Pay Ever since; AS WE FINALLY PAY OFF OUR DEBT TO THE U.S
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), December 29, 2006
Yes, America Helped Us Win the War - but Theyve Made Us Pay Ever since; AS WE FINALLY PAY OFF...sterling1 billion provided to this country by the U.S. in 1945 to stave off bankruptcy. Hang on, some British people will say, whats all this about debts? Werent we Americas allies in World War II? Didnt they give us planes, tanks, food and cash to...our American bills from 1945. When Britain went to war in 1939, the country was still recovering from the Depression. This...as they saw it, helping the British keep India or regain Burma and Malaya. A Foreign Office official minuted angrily: The...
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encyclopedia articles on: (World War 1939 1945 Campaigns Burma) OR (World War 1939 1945 China)  - 15 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-10 11-15 >>  
 
1.
World War II
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...war, Germany was ready to launch an attack on Poland. World War II began on Sept. 1, 1939, when Germany, without a declaration of war, invaded Poland...attack on the British in North Africa (see North Africa, campaigns in , by the Italian invasion (Oct. 28, 1940) of Greece...where strong resistance ended at Corregidor), Malaya, Burma (Myanmar), Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia), and many...Peninsula, the Germans resisted in Hungary until Feb., 1945, but Germany itself was pressed. The Russians entered East...
2.
Communist Party , in China
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...most important Communist party in the world since the disintegration of the USSR...the insistence of the USSR. Civil War In Apr., 1927, Chiang Kai-shek drove...their southern base by Chiangs military campaigns, many thousands of Communists trekked...truce with the Kuomintang broke down in 1939, but Communist guerrillas remained the...N China. When World War II ended in 1945, the Communists controlled wide rural areas in N and central China and moved quickly to gain control of Manchuria. From 1945 to 1949 party membership swelled as...
3.
United Nations
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...begun under the aegis of the U.S. State Department late in 1939. The name United Nations was coined by President Franklin Delano...United Nations, pledging themselves to continue their joint war effort and not to make peace separately. The need for an international...the new organization, and at the Yalta Conference (Feb., 1945) further agreement was reached. All the states that had ultimately...envisaged. Originally it was composed largely of the Allies of World War II, mainly European countries, Commonwealth countries...
4.
Japan
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...Rule Assistance Association. After World War II erupted (1939) in Europe, Japan signed a military alliance with Germany...Singapore, and other Pacific possessions. The fortunes of war at first ran in favor of Japan, and by the end of 1942 the...to the doors of India and of Alaska was prodigious (see World War II ). Then the tide turned; territory was lost to the...reached Japan itself with intensive bombing; and finally in 1945, following the explosion of atomic bombs by the United States...Japan and most of its opponents in World War II. India and Burma (Myanmar) refused to attend the conference, and the USSR...
5.
Marshall, George Catlett
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...distinguished himself as a staff officer in World War I and later (1919 24) was aide to General...service in China (1924 27), he headed (1939 45) the army as Chief of Staff, becoming...Staff, he was promptly appointed (Nov., 1945) special ambassador to China by President Truman and was later recalled...
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