Ingmar Bergman

Bergman, Ingmar - (Ernst Ingmar Bergman)ĭngˈmär bĕrˈyəmän, 1918–, Swedish film and stage writer, director, and producer. Bergman achieved an impressive degree of freedom early in his career and used it to create and develop a highly individual approach. Working with many of the same actors and technicians from film to film, Bergman's work is filled with arresting images and displays an unusual degree of unity and continuity. Bergman reached his creative zenith as a director in the 1950s and 60s. His 50s films include The Seventh Seal (1956), Wild Strawberries (1957), and The Virgin Spring (1959). In the 60s he made two successive trilogies that charted his growing disillusion with humanity's search for God. The first trilogy consists of Through a Glass Darkly (1961), Winter Light (1962), and The Silence (1963); the second of Persona (1965), Hour of the Wolf (1968), and Shame (1968).

In the 1970s, Bergman focused his work on domestic issues, dramatized through traumatic, usually unworkable personal relationships, as in the stormy Scenes from a Marriage (1974). Bergman briefly exiled himself from Sweden after a dispute with tax authorities, but returned to make his self-proclaimed final, and surprisingly optimistic, film about family and childhood, Fanny and Alexander (1983, Academy Award). He has continued to work in television, theater, and opera. He has written autobiographical screenplays for the films The Best Intentions (1992), directed by Bille August; Sunday's Children (1993), from his autobiographical novel and directed by his son, Daniel Bergman; and for Private Confessions (1998) and Faithless (2000), both directed by Liv Ullmann. Bergman has also directed a number of classic plays for the Royal Dramatic Theater of Sweden, e.g., Strindberg's The Ghost Sonata (2001); many of these productions have appeared in the U.S.

See his autobiographies, The Magic Lantern (1987) and Images: My Life in Film (1994); Four Screenplays of Ingmar Bergman (tr. 1960); S. Björkman, T. Manns, and J. Sima, Bergman on Bergman: Interviews with Ingmar Bergman (1973, tr. 1975, repr. 1993); biographies by B. Steene (1967) and P. Cowie (upd. ed. 1992); studies by V. Young (1971), F. Marker and L.-L. Marker (1982, repr. 1992), F. Gado (1986), R. E. Long (1994), R. W. Oliver, ed. (1995), and J. Vermilye (1998).

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Ingmar Bergman

1.

The Passion of Ingmar Bergman
by Frank Gado. 550 pgs.

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Title Page

Contents

Acknowledgements

Preface

The Early Years

The 'Forties Films

Playwright Bergman

The Lengthening Shadows of Summer

Quests

God's Silence

A Twilight World

Accelerating Necrosis

The Final Phase

Translation of Titles

Recurrent Names

Filmography

Notes

Index
2.

Between Stage and Screen: Ingmar Bergman Directs
by Egil Tornqvist. 244 pgs.

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Ingmar Bergman is worldwide known as a film and stage director. Yet no-one has attempted to compare his stage and screen activities. In Between Stage and Screen Egil Touml;rnqvist examines formal and thematical correspondences and differences between a number of Bergman's stage, screen, and radio productions. In the prologue Bergman's spiritual and aesthetic heritage and his position in the twentieth century media landscape is outlined. In the epilogue the question is answered to what extent one can speak of Bergman's directorial 'method' irrespective of the chosen medium.

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Title Page

CONTENTS

PREFACE

PROLOGUE

PART 1 THE STAGE DIRECTOR

Strindberg, the Dream Play (1970)

Strindberg, the Ghost Sonata (1973)

Strindberg, Miss Julie (1985)

O'Neill, Long Day's Journey into Night (1988)

Ibsen, a Doll's House (1989)

Shakespeare, the Winter's Tale (1994)

PART 2 THE SCREEN DIRECTOR

The Seventh Seal (1957)

Wild Strawberries (1957)

Strindberg, Storm (1960)

Persona (1966)

Cries and Whispers (1973)

Autumn Sonata (1978)

Fanny and Alexander (1982)

PART 3 THE RADIO DIRECTOR

Strindberg, Easter (1952)

A Matter of the Soul (1990)

EPILOGUE

Notes

Selected Bibliography

List of Illustrations

Index
3.

The Films of Ingmar Bergman
by Jesse Kalin. 249 pgs.

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This concise overview of the career of one of the modern masters of world cinema defines Ingmar Bergman's conception of the human condition as a struggle to find meaning in life as it is played out. After examining six existential themes explored repeatedly in Bergman's films--judgment, abandonment, suffering, shame, a visionary picture, and a turning toward or away from others--Jesse Kalin shows how these themes are expressed in eight of his films, including well known favorites such as Wild Strawberries, The Seventh Seal, Smiles of a Summer Night, and Fanny and Alexander. Other important but lesser known films covered include Naked Night, Shame, Cries and Whispers, and Scenes from a Marriage.

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Title Page

Cambridge Film Classics

Contents

Illustrations

Preface

1: Introduction: the Geography of the Soul

Part One: The Films of the Fifties

2: The Primal Seen: the Clowns' Evening

3: The Journey: the Seventh Seal and Wild Strawberries

4: The Great Dance: Smiles of a Summer Night

Part Two: Second Thoughts

5: A Dream Play: Shame

6: The Illiterates: Cries and Whispers and Scenes from a Marriage

Part Three: A Final Look

7: The Little World: Fanny and Alexander

Afterwords

Notes

Selected Bibliography

Filmography

Index
4.

Film and the Critical Eye (Chap. 13 "The Seventh Seal Directed by Ingmar Bergman" and Chap. 14 "Wild Strawberries [Smuktronstallet] Directed by Ingmar Bergman")
by Dennis Denitto, William Herman. 548 pgs.

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Title Page

Preface

Acknowledgment

Contents

Part One

Chapter 1 Viewing a Film

Chapter 2 Interpreting a Film

Part Two

Chapter 3 The Language of Film

Chapter 4 The Rhetoric of Film

Part Three

Chapter 5 The Last Laugh [Der Letzte Mann] Directed by F. W. Murnau

Chapter 6 The Gold Rush

Chapter 7 M Lang

Chapter 8 Grand Illusion [La Grande Illusion] Directed by Jean Renoir

Chapter 9 The Rules of the Game [La Regle Du Jeu] Directed by Jean Renoir

Chapter 10 Beauty and the Beast [La Belle Et La Bête] Directed by Jean Cocteau

Chapter 11 Rashomon Directed by Akira Kurosawa

Chapter 12 La Ronde Directed by Max Ophuls

Chapter 13 The Seventh Seal [Det Sjunde Inseglet] Directed by Ingmar Bergman

Chapter 14 Wild Strawberries [Smuktronstället]

Chapter 15 Ashes and Diamonds [Popiol I Diamant] Directed by Andrzej Wajda

Chapter 16 L'Avventura [The Adventure]

Chapter 17 IL Posto [The Sound of Trumpets] Directed by Ermanno Olmi

Chapter 18 Jules and Jim Directed by François Truffaut

Chapter 19 Notes on Six Films

Biographies and Filmographies

Bibliography

Index
5.

"Carefully I Touched the Faces of My Parents": Bergman's Autobiographical Image, in Biography
by Linda Haverty Rugg. 14 pgs.

Journal Article
6.

Modern/Postmodern: A Study in Twentieth-Century Arts and Ideas ("Bergman's Persona" begins on p. 97)
by Silvio Gaggi. 212 pgs.

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Title Page

Contents

List of Plates

Acknowledgments

1Introduction

Notes

2: Self-Conscious Theatre

3: Replications and Convergences

4: Projecting Genres, Projecting Selves

5: Writing About Writing: John Fowles and John Barth

6: Postmodernism, Posthumanism, and Politics

Bibliography

Index
7.

A Chess Match with Death, in USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education)
by Wes D. Gehring. 1 pgs.

Magazine Article
8.

A History of Narrative Film ("Scandinavian or Nordic Cinema: Ingmar Bergman" begins on p. 631)
by David A. Cook. 1087 pgs.

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A History of Narrative Film

Contents

Preface

Preface to the Third Edition

Acknowledgments

A Note on Method

A Note on Supplementary Material

A Note on Dates, Titles, and Stills

1: Origins

2: International Expansion, 1907-1918

3: D. W. Griffith and the Development of Narrative Form

4: German Cinema of the Weimar Period, 1919-1929

5: Soviet Silent Cinema and the Theory of Montage, 1917-1931

6: Hollywood in the Twenties

7: The Coming of Sound and Color, 1926-1935

8: The Sound Film and the American Studio System

9: Europe in the Thirties

10: Orson Welles and the Modern Sound Film

11: Wartime and Postwar Cinema: Italy and the United States, 1940-1951

12: Hollywood, 1952-1965

13: The French New Wave and Its Native Context

14: New Cinemas in Britain and the English-Speaking Commonwealth

15: European Renaissance: West

16: European Renaissance: East

17: The Former Soviet Union, 1945-Present

18: Wind from the East: Japan, India, and China

19: Third World Cinema

20: Hollywood, 1965—present

Glossary

Selective Bibliography for the Third Edition

Index
9.

The Oxford History of World Cinema ("Ingmar Bergman" begins on p. 572)
by Geoffrey Nowell-Smith. 824 pgs.

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From its humble beginnings as a novelty in a handful of cities, cinema has risen to become a billion-dollar industry and the most spectacular and original contemporary art form. In The Oxford History of World Cinema, an international team of film historians traces the history of this enduringly popular entertainment medium. Covering all aspects of its development, stars, studios, and cultural impact, the book celebrates and chronicles over one hundred years of diverse achievement from westerns to the New Wave, from animation to the avant-garde, and from Hollywood to Hong Kong. The Oxford History of World Cinema tells the story of the major inventions and developments in the cinema business, its institutions, genres, and personnel, and they outline the evolution of national cinemas round the world--the varied and distinctive film traditions that have developed alongside Hollywood. A unique aspect of the book are the special inset features on the film-makers and personalities--Garbo and Godard, Keaton and Kurosawa, Bugs Bunny and Bergman--who have had an enduring impact in popular memory and cinematic lore. With over 280 illustrations, a full bibliography, and an extensive index, this is the buff's ultimate guide to cinema worldwide.

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Title Page

Acknowledgements

Contributors

Contents

Special Features

List of Colour Illustrations

General Introduction

1: Silent Cinema 1895-1930

Introduction

Origins and Survival

Bibliography

Early Cinema

Bibliography

Transitional Cinema

Bibliography

The Hollywood Studio System

Bibliography

The World-Wide Spread of Cinema

The First World War and the Crisis in Europe

Bibliography

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Tricks and Animation

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Comedy

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Documentary

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Cinema and the Avant-Garde

Serials

Bibliography

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French Silent Cinema

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Italy: Spectacle and Melodrama

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British Cinema from Hepworth to Hitchcock

Germany: the Weimar Years

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The Scandinavian Style

Bibliography

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Pre-Revolutionary Russia

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The Soviet Union and the Russian émigrés

Yiddish Cinema in Europe

Bibliography

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Japan: Before the Great Kanto Earthquake

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Music and the Silent Film

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The Heyday of the Silents

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2: Sound Cinema 1930-1960

Introduction

The Introduction of Sound

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Hollywood: the Triumph of the Studio System

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Censorship and Self-Regulation

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The Sound of Music

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Technology and Innovation

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Animation

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Cinema and Genre

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The Western

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The Musical

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Crime Movies

The Fantastic

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Documentary

Socialism, Fascism, and Democracy

Bibliography

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The Popular Art of French Cinema

Italy from Fascism to Neo-Realism

Bibliography

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Britain at the End of Empire

Germany: Nazism and After

Bibliography

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East Central Europe Before the Second World War

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Soviet Film Under Stalin

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Indian Cinema: Origins to Independence

China Before 1949

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The Classical Cinema in Japan

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The Emergence of Australian Film

Cinema in Latin America

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After the War

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Transformation of the Hollywood System

Independents and Mavericks

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3: The Modern Cinema 1960-1995

Introduction

Television and the Film Industry

The New Hollywood

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New Technologies

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Sex and Sensation

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The Black Presence in American Cinema

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Exploitation and the Mainstream

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Dreams and Nightmares in the Hollywood Blockbuster

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CinÉma-VÉritÉ and the New Documentary

Avant-Garde Film: the Second Wave

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Animation in the Post-Industrial Era

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Modern Film Music

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Art Cinema

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New Directions in French Cinema

Italy: Auteurs and After

Bibliography

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Spain After Franco

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British Cinema: the Search for Identity

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The New German Cinema

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East Germany: the Defa Story

Changing States in East Central Europe

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Russia After the Thaw

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Cinema in the Soviet Republics

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Turkish Cinema

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The Arab World

The Cinemas of Sub-Saharan Africa

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Iranian Cinema

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India: Filming the Nation

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Indonesian Cinema

China After the Revolution

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Popular Cinema in Hong Kong

Taiwanese New Cinema

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The Modernization of Japanese Film

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New Australian Cinema

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New Zealand Cinema

Canadian Cinema/Cinéma Canadien

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New Cinemas in Latin America

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New Concepts of Cinema

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The Resurgence of Cinema

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Index

List of Picture Sources
10.

Theatrical Directors: A Biographical Dictionary ("Ingmar Bergman" begins on p. 33)
by John W. Frick, Stephen M. Vallillo. 574 pgs.

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""This book should be impressive to aspiring theater arts students as well as to those who simply love theater. Highly recommended for most collections." Library Journal

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Title Page

Contents

Preface

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

V

W

Y

Z

Appendix A: Chronological List of Directors

Appendix B: Directors Listed by Country in Which Primary Work Was Done

Selected Bibliography

Name Index

Play, Film, and Television Title Index

About the Advisors and Contributors
11.

Eugene O'Neill in China: An International Centenary Celebration (Chap. 25 "Ingmar Bergman and Long Day's Journey into Night")
by Haiping Liu, Lowell Swortzell. 312 pgs.

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The year 1988 was notable for being the centennial of playwright Eugene O'Neill's birth and a time of unprecedented democratization in the People's Republic of China. In this optimal climate, a remarkable festival and conference devoted to O'Neill was held in Nanjing, China, attended by noted O'Neill scholars and theatre artists from around the world. The essays in this volume capture the intellectual and artistic stimulation of the conference, exploring the major areas of O'Neill scholarship, with an emphasis on his international reputation, particularly in Asia. Included is a forum on the festival productions, as well as photographs.

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Title Page

Recent Titles in Contributions in Drama and Theatre Studies

Copyright Acknowledgments

Contents

Illustrations

Acknowledgments

Letter of Greeting from the People's Republic of China

Introduction From the People's Republic of China

Introduction From the United States

Part One O'Neill's Philosophic and Religious Motifs

1: Eugene O'Neill's Tao Te Ching: The Spiritual Evolution of a Mystic

2: Eugene O'Neill and Puritanism

3: Iceman and Journey, Yin and Yang: Taoist Rhythm and O'Neill's Late Tragedies

4: Eugene O'Neill's Marco Millions: Desiring Marginality and the Dematerialization of the Orient

5: O'Neill's Understanding of Chinese Thought in Marco Millions

6: The Uses of Pessimism: Some Random Thoughts about Eugene O'Neill

Part Two O'Neill in Comparison

7: Structures of Forgiveness: The Endings of A Moon for the Misbegotten and Ibsen's Peer Gynt

8: Politics and a Proletarian Tragedy: A Comparative Analysis of the Reception of Eugene O'Neill's The Hairy Ape in Germany and the United States

9: Eternal Recurrence and the Shaping of O'Neill's Dramatic Structures

10: Leo Tolstoy's The Power of Darkness and Eugene O'Neill's Desire under the Elms: A Road to Redemption

Part Three O'Neill as Playwright

11: Eugene O'Neill, World Playwright: The Beginnings

12: Three O'Neill Women: An Emergent Pattern

13: Author, Actor, Audience: The Metatheatrical Elements in the Late Plays of Eugene O'Neill

14: Eugene O'Neill's Dynamo and the Expressionist Canon

15: The Black World of Eugene O'Neill

16: Building Characters: Eugene O'Neill's Composition Process

17: Register and Idiolect in The Iceman Cometh and Long Day's Journey into Night

18: Mirrors of Consciousness: Narrative Patterns in O'Neill's The Iceman Cometh

Part Four O'Neill on Stage

19: Eugene O'Neill and the Provincetown Players: Watershed in American Theatre

20: Dramatic Tension Between Expressionistic Design and Naturalistic Acting in The Emperor Jones

21: The Emperor Jones as a Source of Theatrical Experimentation, 1920s-1980s

22: The Iceman Cometh Twice: A Comparison of the 1946 and 1956 New York Productions

23: Directing the Plays of Eugene O'Neill--Style, Substance, and Synthesis

24: All God's Chillun Play Games

Part Five O'Neill Abroad

25: Ingmar Bergman and Long Day's Journey into Night

26: How Does O'Neill Fare in China?

27: Two Popular O'Neill Plays Staged in Japan: Ah, Wilderness! and Desire under the Elms

28: Directing Mourning Becomes Electra in Japan

29: O'Neill in a Chinese Classroom: Before Breakfast-- A Good Starting Point

30: Panel Discussion on the Nanjing O'Neill Theatre Festival

O'Neill: An International Perspective-- A Bibliographic Note

Index

About the Editors and Contributors
12.

Aging and Identity: A Humanities Perspective ("Federico's Answer to Ingmar" begins on p. 215)
by Sara Munson Deats, Lagretta Tallent Lenker. 256 pgs.

Book

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Viewing artistic works through the lens of both contemporary gerontological theory and postmodernist concepts, the contributing scholars examine literary treatments, cinematic depictions, and artistic portraits of aging from Shakespeare to Hemingway, from Horton Foote to Disney, from Rembrandt to Alice Neale, while also comparing the attitudes toward aging in Native American, African American, and Anglo American literature. The examples demonstrate that long before gerontologists endorsed a Janus-faced model of aging, artists were celebrating the diversity of the elderly, challenging the bio-medical equation of senescence with inevitable senility. Underlying all of this discussion is the firm conviction that cultural texts construct as well as encode the conventional perceptions of their society; that literature, the arts, and the media not only mirror society's mores but can also help to create and enforce them.

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Title Page

Copyright Acknowledgments

Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Part I: The Aging Male in Literature

Chapter 1: The Dialectic of Aging in Shakespeare's King Lear and the Tempest

Chapter 2: Shakespeare Teaching Geriatrics: Lear and Prospero as Case Studies in Aged Heterogeneity

Chapter 3: Why? versus Why Not?: Potentialities of Aging in Shaw's Back to Methuselah

Chapter 4: Hemingway's Aging Heroes and the Concept of Phronesis

Chapter 5: Bertrand Russell in His Nineties: Aging and the Problem of Biography

Part II: The Aging Female in Literature

Chapter 6: Work, Contentment, and Identity in Aging Women in Literature

Chapter 7: Old Maids and Old Mansions: the Barren Sisters of Hawthorne, Dickens, and Faulkner

Chapter 8: The Aging Artist: the Sad but Instructive Case of Virginia Woolf

Part III: Aging in the Community

Chapter 9: The Sacred Ghost: the Role of the Elder(Ly) in Native American Literature

Chapter 10: Aging and the African-American Community: the Case of Ernest J. Gaines

Chapter 11: Aging and the Continental Community: Good Counsel in the Writings of Two Mature European Princesses, Marguerite de Navarre and Madame Palatine

Chapter 12: Aging and Academe: Caricature or Character

Chapter 13: Aging and the Public Schools: Visits of Charity -- the Young Look at the Old

Part IV: Aging in the Fine and Popular Arts

Chapter 14: Aging and Contemporary Art

Chapter 15: The Return Home: Affirmations and Transformations of Identity in Horton Foote's the Trip to Bountiful

Chapter 16: Animated Gerontophobia: Ageism, Sexism, and the Disney Villainess

Chapter 17: 8½ and Me: the Thirty-Two-Year Difference

Notes

Bibliography

Index

About the Editors and Contributors

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