International Trade

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International Trade

1.

The Economics of International Trade: An Independent View
by David Z. Rich. 210 pgs.

Book

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This work presents a new theory and approach to the rapidly changing economics of international trade which challenges the prevailing neo-Keynesian point of view. From a theoretical perspective, the author examines the arguments of classical and neoclassical economists to develop the concept of dynamic disequilibrium with respect to the business cycle and its influence on a country's international trade position. Additionally, this concept is applied to multinational corporations and customs unions such as the European Community in their practical trade relationships.

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Title Page

CONTENTS

Part I THE PROBLEM SITUATION

Chapter 1 on the Nature of This Work

Chapter 2: TRADE IN AN UNCERTAIN WORLD

Chapter 3 Trade Theory: Comments and Critique

Part II THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Chapter 4 Introductory Comments

Chapter 5 International Economics: Concepts and Tools

Chapter 6 the Welfare Utility Function

Chapter 7 the International Utility Function

Part III THE CHANGING ECONOMIC WORLD

Chapter 8 Introductory Remarks

Chapter 9 Circa 1992: Multinational Corporations

Chapter 10 Circa 1992: Customs Unions

Chapter 11 Trade for a Developed Economy

NOTES

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
2.

The Legal and Economic Basis of International Trade
by Grady Miller. 252 pgs.

Book

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New economic conditions in the developed and newly industrializing world increasingly force us to question the foundations of existing international economic relationships. This study sheds some light on the complex relationship between law and economics. Beginning with the historical evidence of market structure, trade, and law, the work progresses to discuss transportation, export finance, marine insurance, and technology transfers. The author provides some interesting insights into and discussion on the future of international trade and the untested relationship between social and political chaos and the law.

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Title Page

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1: Economic Analysis of Sale of Goods Law

Notes

2: The Law of the Sale and the Barter

Notes

3: The Economic Basis of Goods Transportation

Notes

4: The Legal Regime of Sea Transportation

Notes

5: Legal Foundations and Principles of Insurance: An Economic Look

Notes

6: The Marine Insurance Policies: Premiums and Underwriting

APPENDIX: FORM OF A POLICY OF INSURANCE AT ROUEN, 1742

7: The Business Origins of Trade Finance

Notes

8: The Law of International Trade Finance

Notes

9: Technology Transfers, Patents and Franchise Agreements

CONCLUDING COMMENTS

10: Policy Questions and Concluding Thoughts

Notes

SELECTED READINGS

INDEX
3.

Dilemmas of International Trade
by Bruce E. Moon. 288 pgs.

Book

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Three central dilemmas are explained in this book - the unequal distribution of income and wealth created by international trade, the tradeoff among competing values that trade requires, and the relationship between economic and foreign policy goals.

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Title Page

Books in This Series

Contents

Illustrations

Acknowledgments

Acronyms

One Trade and Trade Issues

Conclusion: Choosing a Trade Policy

Two the Theoretical and Historical Origins of Trade Issues

Conclusion: the Triumph of Free Trade

Three the Politics of Protectionism

Conclusion: the Sources of Policy Cycles

Four the International Politics of Trade

Conclusion: Trade Dilemmas, International Institutions, and the "Battle of Seattle"

Five Neomercantilism and Bilateral Trade Issues

Conclusion: the Future of American-Japanese Relations

Six Regional Integration

Conclusion: Lessons from Nafta

Seven Globalization and Outward-Oriented Development

Eight Looking Ahead

Conclusion: Individual Choices

Discussion Questions

Notes

Suggested Readings

Glossary

About the Book and Author

Index
4.

International Trade and Finance: A North American Perspective
by Khosrow Fatemi. 304 pgs.

Book

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This collection addresses the many issues in international finance and trade facing North American governments and industries. Fatemi challenges prevailing theories which maintain that the dollar's fall will alleviate America's balance of trade deficit. Divided into eight parts analyzing the principal problems in international trade that will be faced in the 1990s, the work includes articles on currency markets and fluctuations; the international debt crisis; external borrowing; multi-national corporations; foreign direct investment in North America; and the North American Common Market.

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Title Page

CONTENTS

Tables

Figures

PREFACE

I INTRODUCTION

1: INTRODUCTION

11: SPECIAL ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2: INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES: FOUR DISTINGUISHING FEATURES

CONCLUSION

NOTES

3: AN ECONOMIC BASE MODEL FOR MEASURING LOCAL SPECIALIZATION and EXPORTS ORIENTATION OF A REGION: THE CASE OF ARKANSAS

III EXTERNAL BORROWING

4: DEBT FLOWS and THE VARIABILITY OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES OF THE THIRTEEN LARGEST DEBTOR NATIONS

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

NOTES

5: THE ROLE OF INDEBTEDNESS IN THE CIRCUIT OF CAPITAL: ITS IMPACT ON INFLATION and INCOME DISTRIBUTION

6: DEBT RESCHEDULING: POSTPONING THE CRISIS? AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF CURRENT RESCHEDULING POLICIES

CONCLUSION

NOTES

IV SPECIAL ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE: THE INTERNATIONAL DEBT CRISIS

7: THE U.S. FOREIGN DEBT PROBLEM: RESTRUCTURING THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

CONCLUSION

NOTES

8: FOREIGN DEBT and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: IMF POLICY ISSUES

V CURRENCY MARKETS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

9: GOVERNMENT DEBT ANNOUNCEMENTS, MARKET USE OF INFORMATION, and THE BEHAVIOR OF EXCHANGE RATES

NOTES

10: CURRENCY RISK MANAGEMENT USING OPTIONS

VI INTERNATIONAL BANKING

11: THE EFFECT OF THE INTERNATIONAL DEBT CRISIS ON U.S. BANK EQUITY RETURNS

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

NOTES

12: TECHNIQUES FOR VALUING and REACTING TO BLOCKED FUNDS PROBLEMS IN LATIN AMERICA

VII MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT

13: INVESTMENT STRATEGY OF SMALL- and MEDIUM-SIZED GERMAN FIRMS IN THE UNITED STATES and THE THEORY OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT

SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS

NOTES

14: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTORS' LOCAL BORROWING: AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONSEQUENCES IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DIFFERENTIATED BY INCOME LEVEL

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

NOTES

15: AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF THE AID-CUM-DEVELOPMENT HYPOTHESIS: SOME EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH AMERICA

CONCLUSIONS

NOTES

VIII ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN NORTH AMERICA AND THE REST OF THE WORLD

16: THE DOLLAR'S DEPRECIATION and THE U.S. TRADE DEFICIT

NOTES

17: PRESENCE OF EASTERN EUROPEAN ECONOMIES IN NORTH AMERICAN MARKETS

CONCLUSION

NOTES

18: U.S.-CHINESE TRADE and INVESTMENT PATTERNS

19: THE LINKAGE BETWEEN U.S. AGRICULTURE and THIRD WORLD DEVELOPMENT

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS

NOTES

IX ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN NORTH AMERICA: MYTH OR REALITY?

INTRODUCTION

20: NORTH AMERICAN COMMON MARKET: POTENTIALS and PROBLEMS

SUMMARY

NOTES

21: THE NORTH AMERICAN COMMON MARKET: AN IDEA WHOSE TIME HAS COME?

22: A NORTH AMERICAN COMMON MARKET: A CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE

CONCLUSION

NOTES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

CONTRIBUTORS
5.

International Trade and Third World Development
by Dilip Ghosh, Gamani Condray Corea. 576 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

International Development Resource Books

Copyright Acknowledgments

Contents

List of Tables

The Third World

Abbreviations

Foreword

Preface

Part I Current Issues, Trends, Analytical Methods, Strategies and Policies, Country Studies

Introduction

Trade and Structural Change

Restructuring Out of Recession

Trade and Economic Cooperation Among Developing Countries

Promoting Trade Among Developing Countries: An Assessment

Towards a Global System of Trade Preferences Among Developing Countries

North-South Trade and Socio- Economic Autonomy: A Peace Formula

Aid or Trade? a Welfare- Theoretic Analysis

Aspects of International Trade and Assistance Relating to the Expansion of Employment in the Developing Countries

Industrial Expansion in Developing Countries and Implications for Trade Policies

Intra-Industry Trade and the Expansion, Diversification and Integration of the Trade of the Developing Countries

Bibliography

The New Industrial Protectionism and the Developing Countries

Regulating Technology Imports in Some Developing Countries

Notes

The Negotiations Strategy of Developing Countries in the Field of Trade Liberalization

Export Subsidies in Developing Countries and the Gatt

Import Controls and Exports in Developing Countries

Policy Issues in the Fields of Trade, Finance and Money and Their Relationship to Structural Changes at the Global Level

Planned Changes in Foreign Trade and Payments

Exports in the New World Environment: The Case of Latin America

Part II Statistical Information and Sources

Part III Resource Bibliography

Part IV Directory of Information Sources

Appendix

Index

About the Editor
6.

International Trade: New Patterns of Trade, Production & Investment
by Nigel Grimwade. 424 pgs.

Book

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This revised edition takes into account the developments taking place in the world economy. Grimwade introduces the reader to major economic theories and models with an emphasis on changes within the world trading system and how governments respond.

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Title Page

Contents

Figures

Tables

Preface to the Second Edition

Introduction

Preface

Chapter 1: The Changing Structure of World Output and Trade

Chapter 2: Basic Theories of International Trade

Chapter 3: Intra-Industry Trade and Specialisation

Notes for Further Reading

Chapter 4: Multinational Companies and World Trade

Chapter 5: More Recent Forms of International Economic Involvement

Chapter 6: Japan and the World Economy

Chapter 7: The Emergence of the Newly Industrialising Countries

Chapter 8: Free Trade Versus Protectionism

Notes for Further Reading

Chapter 9: Multilateralism Versus Regionalism

Chapter 10: Trade in Services

Notes for Further Reading

References

Glossary

Index
7.

International Trade and National Welfare
by Murray C. Kemp. 216 pgs.

Book

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When can a country be said to benefit from free trade? Murray Kemp here presents the recent progress he and his co-workers have made in tackling this important question.

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Title Page

Contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Part I: The Gains from Trade under Perfect Competition

1: Trade Gains

References

2: Trade Gains in Chaotic Equilibria

3: The Internationalization of the World Economy and Its Implications for National Welfare

4: Trade Gains When the Opportunity to Trade Changes the State of Information

5: The Gains from Trade When Markets Are Endogenous

6: Quality Standards in the Theory of Customs Unions

7: A Second Elementary Proposition concerning the Formation of Customs Unions

References

8: A Third Elementary Proposition concerning the Formation of Customs Unions

9: The Kemp-Wan Theorem in a Context of Public Goods

10: Welfare Comparisons of Customs Unions and Other Free Trade Associations

11: Partial Preferential Trading Associations

References

12: The Impossibility of Global Absolute Advantage in the Heckscher-Ohlin Model of Trade

13: A Simple Model of Privately Profitable but Socially Useless Speculation

14: An Antiquarian Note on Optimal Tariffs

15: Smuggling and Optimal Commercial Policy

References

16: On the Evaluation of Social Income in a Dynamic Economy

Part II: The Gains from Trade under Non-Perfect Competition

17: A New Approach to the Theory of International Trade under Increasing Returns

18: Increasing Returns and International Trade

19: Gains from Trade in a Cournot-Nash General Equilibrium

Notes

20: The Kemp-Wan Proposition under Increasing Returns to Scale and Oligopolistic Competition

21: The Gains from Trade for a Socialist Economy

22: Voluntary Export Restraints and Economic Welfare

Part III: Background Papers

23: Some Properties of Egalitarian Economies

24: The Apparently Innocuous Representative Agent

25: Pareto’s Compensation Principle

References

Author Index

Subject Index
8.

International Trade: The Changing Role of the United States
by Frank J. Macchiarola. 188 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

International Trade: The Changing Role of the United States

Contents

Preface

Contributors

Initialisms and Acronyms

Building a Pacific Coalition

European Community 1992: Can the U.S. Negotiate for Trade Equality?

Options for Trade Liberalization in the Uruguay Round Negotiations

The International Monetary Fund

Managed Trade and Economic Sovereignty

The Dollar and the Adjustment Options

Trade-Linked Labor Standards

The United States—canada Free Trade Agreement

Mexico as a Trading Partner

United States Trade Policy toward the Soviet Union: a More Commercial Orientation

United States—japan Trade Relations

Institutional Incentives for Protection: the American Use of Voluntary Export Restraints

Workable Trade Policy for Today's Economic and Political World

Strategic Trade: Protecting American Economic and Political Interests

The Role of the States in Trade Development

The Xport Port Authority Trading Company: an Innovative Approach to Export Development

Index

Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science
9.

Exchange Rate Volatility and International Trade, in Southern Economic Journal
by Udo Broll, Bernhard Eckwert. 8 pgs.

Journal Article
10.

The United States, the European Union, and the "Globalization" of World Trade: Allies or Adversaries?
by Thomas C. Fischer. 346 pgs.

Book

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Regulation of world trade is beyond the control of any one nation. Moreover, Western capitalism is losing its influence in trade negotiations. Policy makers must be alerted to these changes and adjust to them creatively. Fischer argues that the United States needs allies in the new era of world trade, that the private sector is increasingly influential in driving the world trade agenda, and that trade globalization creates a new paradigm that supplants traditional national competition.

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Title Page

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Acronyms

Part I: What in the World Is Happening to World Trade?

Chapter 1: The "Globalization" Process

Chapter 2: Regulating Global Trade

Part II: New Trade Paradigms

Chapter 3: An Economic Map of the World

Chapter 4: Four Economic "Models"

Chapter 5: Global Trade and Global "Government"

Part III: Three Trading Giants? (And Their Spheres of Influence)

Chapter 6: The United States

Chapter 7: Afta' Nafta: the Free Trade Area of the Americas (Nafta)

Chapter 8: The European Union: Can It Compete?

Chapter 9: The European Union Program

Chapter 10: Widening the European Community

Chapter 11: Japan: Asia's Disintegrating Colossus

Chapter 12: China: the Middle Kingdom in the Middle

Chapter 13: Asia's Emerging Economies: "Miracle," Myth or Neither?

Part IV: Globalizing Trade

Chapter 14: Metamorphosing the Gatt: the World Trade Organization (Wto)

Chapter 15: A New Era in World Trade

Appendix

Notes

Selected Bibliography

Index

About the Author
11.

Promoting Competition in Global Markets: A Multi-national Approach
by P. J. Lloyd, Kerrin A Vautier. 232 pgs.

Book

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This book sheds new light on a major issue on the international trade policy agenda - the promotion and defence of competition in globalizing markets. The liberalization of cross-border flows of goods, services and capital that has occurred during the last decade has made competition increasingly important. The authors discuss multi-national approaches to competition policy in the WTO, European Union, the Americas, OECD, UNCTAD and CER. They investigate the policy responses to anti-competitive, cross-border business transactions and argue that a growing reliance on competition law is not in itself sufficient to promote competition in globalizing markets. They conclude that to achieve genuine competition in globalizing markets, policymakers must have a more comprehensive and coherent policy governed by agreed competition principles.

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Title Page

Contents

Figures and Tables

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

1. Introduction

Part One Competition in Global Markets

2. the Framework for Policy Analysis

Notes

Part Two: Bilateral Cooperation on Competition Law Enforcement

3. Bilateral Cooperation Agreements

Notes

Part Three: The Approaches of Regional Trading Arrangements

4. the European Union

5. Closer Economic Relations Agreement

Notes

6. the Americas

Notes

Part Four: Plurilateral Approaches

7. Ito, the Gatt 1960 Decision and the United Nations

8. Oecd

9. Apec

Notes

Part Five: Developments at the Multilateral Level

10. the World Trade Organization

Notes

11. an Historic Case: the Kodak/Fuji Dispute

Notes

Part Six: Emerging Patterns and Principles

12. an Approach to Promoting Competition in Global Markets

References

Author Index

Subiect Index
12.

China and the World Trading System: Entering the New Millennium
by George Barker, Deborah Z. Cass, Brett G. Williams. 443 pgs.

Book

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China and the World Trading System: Entering the New Millennium

China and the World Trading System: Entering the New Millennium

Contents

Figures

Tables

Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Introduction: China and the Reshaping of the World Trade Organization

Part I: The World Trading System

1: The Impact of China's Accession on the Wto

2: Wto Membership for China: to Be and Not to Be - is That the Answer?

3: China and the 'Constitutionalization' of International Trade Law

Part II: The Accession

4: China's Wto Accession - the Final Countdown

5: China's Accession to the Wto: Improving Market Access and Australia's Role and Interests

Part III: China - the Domestic Sphere

6: The State of the Chinese Economy - Structural Changes, Impacts and Implications

7: Trade Policy Reform and China's Wto Accession

8: China's Wto Entry in Labour Surplus and Marxist Terms

9: Enforcement of Wto Agreements in China: Illusion or Reality?

10: China: Trade, Law and Human Rights

Part IV: Trade in Goods

11: China's Interest in the World Trade Organization's Deregulation of International Textiles Trade

12: China and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade

Part V: Trade in Services and Competition Policy

13: Wto Membership and Professional Services Regulation in China

14: The Impact of China's Wto Accession Upon Regulation of the Distribution and Logistics Industries in China

15: Regulating the New Economy: Implications of Wto Accession for Telecommunications and E-Commerce in China

16: Segregation and Convergence: the Chinese Dilemma for Financial Services Sectors

17: Adopting a Competition Law in China

Part VI: Intellectual Property

18: Chinese Trademark Law and the Trips Agreement - Confucius Meets the Wto

19: Trips Goes East: China's Interests and International Trade in Intellectual Property

20: The Impact of China's Wto Membership on the Review of the Trips Agreement

Part VII: Dispute Settlement

21: Interpeting China's Accession Protocol: a Case Study in Anti-Dumping

22: Wto Dispute Settlement and Sub-National Entities in China

Select Bibliography

Index
13.

The Political Economy of the World Trading System: From GATT to WTO
by Bernard M. Hoekman, Michel M. Kostecki. 301 pgs.

Book

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The World Trade Organization is likely to be a major international organization for the foreseeable future. This volume, the first full-length study of the WTO and GATT from the viewpoint of public choice and political economy, details the mechanics of the multilateral trading system that emerged from the Uruguay Round of GATT. The authors, who were involved in the negotiations of the Uruguay Round, explain why WTO rules are phrased the way they are, the successes and failures of WTO and GATT, and how business, industrial associations and political lobbies influence the multilateral trading system.

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Title Page

Preface

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

List of Boxes

List of Abbreviations

Introduction

Part I: The Institution

1: Overview of the Trading System

2: The World Trade Organization

3: Negotiating Forum

Part II: The Multilateral Trade Agreements

4: Trade in Goods

5: Trade in Services

6: Intellectual Property

Part III: Holes and Loopholes

7: Safeguards

8: Sector-Specific Arrangements

9: Regional Integration

Part IV: Future Challenges and Opportunities

10: Developing Countries and the Wto

11: Future Challenges

12: Conclusion

Annex 1: Gatt/Wto Membership, 1994

Annex 2: Membership of Plurilateral Trade Agreements (March 1995)

Annex 3: General Dispute Settlement Panels (1984-1994)

Annex 4: A Compilation of Policies Affecting Trade

Annex 5: Major GATT Articles

Annex 6: References to Developing and Least-Developed Countries in the Wto

References

Index
14.

Frontiers of Research in Intra-Industry Trade (Chap. 3 "Horizontal Intra-Industry Trade and the Growth of International Trade")
by Hyun-H Oon Lee, P. J. Lloyd. 303 pgs.

Book

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P.J. Lloyd and Hyun-Hoon Lee have assembled an international cast of contributors to offer a selection of models examining the nature of intra-industry trade in several new areas of trade theory, in addition to empirical studies and analysis of much new data in trade patterns. This volume provides an authoritative new treatment of the theory, measurement and testing of the subject of intra-industry trade.

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Title Page

Contents

List of Tables

Notes on the Contributors

List of Abbreviations

1: Introduction

References

Part I: Development of Intra-Industry Theory and Measurement

2: Controversies Concerning Intra-Industry Trade

References

Part II: Models of Intra-Industry Trade

3: Horizontal Intra-Industry Trade and the Growth of International Trade

4: Intra-Industry Trade in Homogeneous Products

5: Fragmentation and Intra-Industry Trade

6: The Geography of Intra-Industry Trade

Part III: Empirical Studies and Policy Issues of Intra-Industry Trade

7: Marginal Intra-Industry Trade: Towards a Measure of Non-Disruptive Trade Expansion

8: Long-Term Trends in Intra-Industry Trade

9: Intra-Industry Trade in Services

References

10: Intra-Industry Trade and the C–h–o Model: Evidence and Implications for Adjustments

Part IV: Intra-Industry Trade, Affiliate Production and Fdi

11: A Unified Approach to Intra-Industry Trade and Foreign Direct Investment

12: Factor Endowments and Intra-Industry Affiliate Production by Multinational Enterprises

13: Globalization and Intra-Firm Trade: Further Evidence

Notes

References

14: Intra-Industry Trade in Assets

Notes

Author Index

Subject Index
15.

Distributing the Gains: Justice and International Trade, in Journal of International Affairs
by Ethan B. Kapstein. 24 pgs.

Journal Article
16.

International Trade and the Accumulation of Human Capital, in Southern Economic Journal
by Ann L. Owen. 21 pgs.

Journal Article

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