Alfred Marshall

Marshall, Alfred - 1842–1924, English economist. At Cambridge, where he taught from 1885 to 1908, he exerted great influence on the development of economic thought of the time; one of his students was John Maynard Keynes. He systematized the classical economic theories and made new analyses in the same manner, thus laying the foundation of the neoclassical school of economics. He was Read More...

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Alfred Marshall

1.

The Economics of Alfred Marshall
by H. J. Davenport. 481 pgs.

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Title Page

Foreword

Contents

Chapter I Introduction

Chapter II Neo-Classical System Outlined

Chapter III Demand and Supply Mechanics

Chapter IV Utility, Price, and Measurement

Chapter V Cost of Production

Chapter VI Cost of Production (continued)

Chapter VII Price-Determining and Price-Determined Costs: Capital

Chapter VIII The Tests of Land Capital

Chapter IX Opportunity Costs: Various Land Costs

Chapter X Quasi-Rents: Equipment and Effort

Chapter XI Employee and Enterpriser Labor Returns

Chapter XII Normals and Representatives

Chapter XIII Costs in General

Chapter XIV Laws of Return

Chapter XV Interest

Index
2.

Alfred Marshall and Current Thought (1955)
by A. C. Pigou. 90 pgs.

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Title Page

Preface

CONTENTS

PART ONE: MARSHALL LECTURES

Introductory

I: MATHEMATICAL METHODS

II: STATISTICS

III: ELASTICITIES

IV: THE RATE OF INTEREST

V: UTILITIES

VI: SOCIALISM

VII: CONCLUSION

PART TWO: THE TRADE BALANCE
3.

Memorials of Alfred Marshall
by A. C. Pigou. 522 pgs.

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Title Page

Editor's Preface

Contents

Part I in Memoriam

Alfred Marshall, 1842-1924

Reminiscences

Reminiscences

Im Memoriam: Alfred Marshall

Part II Selections from Alfred Marshall's Writings

1: Mr Jevons' Theory of Political Economy (1872)

Ii the Future of the Working Classes (1873)

Iii Mr Mill's Theory of Value (1876)

Iv Water as an Element of National Wealth (1879)

Where to House the London Poor (1884)

Vi the Present Position of Economics (1885)

Vii the Graphic Method of Statistics (1885)

Viii Remedies for Fluctuations of General Prices (1887)

Ix a Fair Rate of Wages (1887)

X Co-Operation (1889)

Xi Some Aspects of Competition (1890)

Xii Benjamin Jowett (1893)

Xiii the Old Generation of Economists and the New (1897)

Xiv Mechanical and Biological Analogies in Economics (1898)

Xv Henry Sidgwick (19w)

Xvi an Export Duty on Coal (1901)

Xvii Social Possibilities of Economic Chivalry (1907)

Xviii the Equitable Distribution of Taxation (1917)

Xix Retail Prices

Xx Fragments

Part III Letters

Marshall's Eightieth Birthday

Bibliographical List of the Writings of Alfred Marshall

Index
4.

Official Papers (1926)
by Alfred Marshall, J. M. Keynes. 428 pgs.

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Editor's Preface

Contents

Royal Commission On The Depression of Trade and Industry (1886)

Royal Commission On: The Values of Gold and Silver

Royal Commission On The Aged Poor (1893)

The Committee Appointed to Inquire into The Indian Currency, 1898

Note.

Royal Commission On Local Taxation (1897)

Memorandum on Fiscal Policy Of International Trade (1903)

Contents

Part I. -- the Direct Effects of Import Duties

Part Ii. -- England's Fiscal Policy Considered With Reference to the Economic Changes of the Last Sixty Years

Index
5.

Alfred Marshall: Principles of Economics, Vol. II: Notes
by C. W. Guillebaud. 890 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

Contents

Editorial Introduction

Editorial Notes

Editorial Appendix to the Contents: Text of Contents of the First to the Fourth Editions

Book I: Preliminary Survey

Book I, Chapter II: The Substance of Economics

Book I, Chapter III: Economic Generalizations or Laws

Editorial Appendix to Book I, Chapter III

Book I, Chapter IV: The Order and Aims of Economic Studies

Book II: Some Fundamental Notions

Book Ii, Chapter Ii: Wealth

Book Ii, Chapter III: Production, Consumption, Labour, Necessaries

Book Ii, Chapter IV: Income, Capital

Book III: On Wants and Their Satisfaction

Book Iii, Chapter Ii: Wants in Relation to Activities

Book Iii, Chapter Iii: Gradation of Consumers' Demand

Book Iii, Chapter IV: The Elasticity of Wants

Book Iii, Chapter V: Choices Between Different Uses of the Same Thing Immediate and Deferred Uses

Book Iii, Chapter VI: Value and Utility

Book IV: The Agents of Production Land, Labour, Capital and Organization

Book Iv, Chapter II: The Fertility of Land

Book Iv, Chapter III: The Fertility of Land, Continued. the Tendency to Diminishing Return

Book Iv, Chapter Iv: The Growth of Population

Book Iv, Chapter V: The Health and Strength of the Population

Book Iv, Chapter VI: Industrial Training

Book Iv, Chapter VII: The Growth of Wealth

Book Iv, Chapter VIII: Industrial Organization

Book Iv, Chapter IX: Industrial Organization, Continued. Division of Labour. the Influence of Machinery

Book Iv, Chapter X: Industrial Organization, Continued. the Concentration of Specialized Industries in Particular Localities

Book Iv, Chapter XI: Industrial Organization, Continued. Production on a Large Scale

Book Iv, Chapter XII: Industrial Organization, Continued. Business Management

Book Iv, Chapter XIII: Conclusion. Correlation of the Tendencies to Increasing and to Diminishing Return

Book V: General Relations of Demand, Supply and Value

Book V, Chapter II: Temporary Equilibrium of Demand and Supply

Book V, Chapter III: Equilibrium of Normal Demand and Supply

Book V, Chapter IV: The Investment and Distribution of Resources

Book V, Chapter V: Equilibrium of Normal Demand and Supply, Continued, with Reference to Long and Short Periods

Book V, Chapter VI: Joint and Composite Demand. Joint and Composite Supply

Book V, Chapter VII

Editorial Appendix to Book V, Chapters I-Vii

Book V, Chapter VIII: Marginal Costs in Relation to Values. General Principles

Book V, Chapter IX: Marginal Costs in Relation to Values. General Principles, Continued

Book V, Chapter X: Marginal Costs in Relation to Agricultural Values

Book V, Chapter XI: Marginal Costs in Relation to Urban Values

Book V, Chapter XII: Equilibrium of Normal Demand and Supply, Continued, with Reference to the Law of Increasing Return

Book V, Chapter XIII: Theory of Changes of Normal Demand and Supply in Relation to the Doctrine of Maximum Satisfaction

Book V, Chapter XIV: The Theory of Monopolies

Book V, Chapter XV: Summary of the General Theory of Equilibrium of Demand and Supply

Book VI: The Distribution of the National Income

Book Vi, Chapter II: Preliminary Survey of Distribution, Continued

Book Vi, Chapter III: Earnings of Labour

Book Vi, Chapter IV: Earnings of Labour, Continued

Book Vi, Chapter V: Earnings of Labour, Continued

Book Vi, Chapter Vi: Interest of Capital

Editorial Appendix to Book Vi, Ch. Vi

Book Vi, Chapter VII: Profits of Capital and Business Power

Editorial Appendix to Book Vi, Chapter VII

Book Vi, Chapter VIII Profits of Capital and Business Power, Continued

Editorial Appendix to Book Vi, Chapter VIII

Book Vi, Chapter IX: Rent of Land

Book Vi, Chapter X: Land Tenure

Book Vi, Chapter XI: General View of Distribution

Book Vi, Chapter XII: General Influences of Economic Progress

Book Vi, Chapter XIII: Progress in Relation to Standards of Life

Appendix A: The Growth of Free Industry and Enterprise

Appendix B: The Growth of Economic Science

Appendix C: The Scope and Method of Economics

Appendix D: Uses of Abstract Reasoning in Economics

Editorial Appendix to Appendix D

Appendix E: Definitions of Capital

Editorial Appendix to Appendix E

Appendix F: Barter

Appendix G: The Incidence of Local Rates, with Some Suggestions as to Policy

Appendix H: Limitations of the Use of Statical Assumptions in Regard to Increasing Return

Appendix I: Ricardo's Theory of Value

Appendix J: The Doctrine of the Wages-Fund

Editorial Appendix to Appendix J

Appendix K: Certain Kinds of Surplus

Appendix L: Ricardo's Doctrine as to Taxes and Improvements in Agriculture

Mathematical Appendix

Index
6.

Schools and Streams of Economic Thought ("Marshall" begins on p. 283)
by Edmund Whittaker. 418 pgs.

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Title Page

Preface

Contents

Chapter 1: From The Ancient World To The Protestant Reformation

Chapter 2: Mercantilism

Chapter 3: Some Beginnings Of Modern Economics

Chapter4: The Physiocrats

Chapter 5: Adam Smith And the Rise Of The Classical School

Chapter6: Classical Economics After Smith: (1) Population And The Laws of Returns

Chapter 7: Classical Economics After Smith: (2) Theories Of Value And Distribution

Chapter 8: Classical Economics After Smith: (3) the Law Of Markets And The Problem Of Depression

Chapter 9: Romanticism And Historical Economics

Chapter 10: Socialism Before Marx

Chapter 11: Marxism And Socialism After Marx

Chapter12: Modern Economics In The Classical Tradition: (1) the Resurgence Of the 1870's

Chapter 13: Modern Economics In The Classical Tradition: (2) the Second Generation

Chapter14: Recent Economics And The Social Whole

Chapter 15: Employment And Business Cycles

Chapter16: Association And Planning

Looking Backward And Forward

Literature

Index
7.

Theorists of Economic Growth from David Hume to the Present: With a Perspective on the Next Century (Chap. 6 "Alfred Marshall (1842-1924)")
by W. W. Rostow. 712 pgs.

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This history of theories and theorists of economic growth elucidates the economic theory, economic history, and public policy observations of the renowned scholar W. W. Rostow. Looking at the economic growth theories of the classic economists up to 1870, Rostow compares Hume and Adam Smith, Malthus and Ricardo, and J.S. Mill and Karl Marx. He then examines the period 1870-1939 and its economic theorists, including Schumpeter, Colin Clark, Kuznets, and Harrod, and surveys the three forms of growth analysis in the postwar era: formal models, statistical morphology, and development theories. This authoritative overview also includes an agenda of unresolved problems in growth analysis and a description of the five major tasks statesmen will confront over the next several generations.

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Title Page

Preface

Contents

Figures

Tables

1: Introduction

I: Six Classical Economists: David Hume to Karl Marx

2: David Hume and Adam Smith

3: T. R. Malthus and David Ricardo

4: J. S. Mill and Karl Marx

II: Growth Theory Moves to the Periphery, 1870-1939

5: The Setting

6: Alfred Marshall (1842-1924)

7: Population and the Working Force

8: Investment and Technology, Part One: the Emergence of National Income Accounting

9: Lnvestment and Technology, Part Two: Growth Theory

10: Business Cycles and Growth: from Juglar to Keynes

11: Business Cycles and Growth: Keynes and After

12: Relative Prices

13: Stages of and Limits to Growth

III: Growth Analysis Post-1945: a Three-Ring Circus

14: Introduction

15: Formal Models of Economic Growth: Rise and Subsidence

16: Statistical Analyses of the Structure of Growth: from Morphology to Policy -- Almost

17: Development Economics

18: Rostow's Theory of Economic Growth

IV: Problems and Prospects

19: Two Concluding Questions

20: What Don't We Know About Economic Growth?

21: Where Are We? an Agenda in Midpassage

Preface

Appendix: Models of Economic Growth

Introduction

Notes

Name Index

Subject Index
8.

The Development of Economic Thought: Great Economists in Perspective ("Marshall on Ricardo" begins on p. 173 and "Viner on Marshall" begins on p. 718)
by Henry William Spiegel. 811 pgs.

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Foreword

Editor's Preface

Contents

The Dawn of Economic Science

Aristotle on Plato

Tawney on Medieval Economic Thought

Heckscher on Mercantilism

Jevons on Cantillon

Einaudi on Galiani

Smith on the Physiocrats

Marx on the Physiocrats

The Classical School

Douglas on Smith

Bonar, Fay, and Keynes on Malthus

Mcculloch on Ricardo

Marshall on Ricardo

Mill on Bentham

Viner on Bentham and Mill

Cairnes on Bastiat

List on Say

Socialists and Reformers

Halévy on Sismondi

Foxwell on Ricardian Socialists

Cole on Owen

Veblen on Marx

Hobson on George

Tawney on the Webbs

Historical and Institutional Approaches

Schmoller on Roscher

Mitchell on Veblen

Perlman on Commons

Burns on Mitchell

The Rise of Marginalism

Schneider on ThÜnen

Fisher on Cournot

Walras on Gossen

Keynes on Jevons

Hayek on Menger

Hayek on Wieser

Schumpeter on Bohm-Bawerk

Hicks on Walras

J. M. Clark on J. B. Clark

INTRODUCTION

The Growth of Modern Economics

Bowley on Edgeworth

Demaria on Pareto

Frisch on Wicksell

Robbins on Wicksteed

Viner on Marshall

Haberler on Schumpeter

Samuelson on Keynes

Colin Clark on Pigou

Index
9.

The End of the Keynesian Era: Essays on the Disintegration of the Keynesian Political Economy (Chap. 2 "Keynes and Cambridge")
by Robert Skidelsky. 116 pgs.

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Contents

Preface

Introduction

Notes on the Contributors

1: The Revolt Against the Victorians

2: Keynes and Cambridge

3: The Last of the 18 Romans

4: Two Critics of Keynes: Friedman and Hayek

5: The Political Meaning of the Keynesian Revolution

6: Can Democracy Manage an Economy?

7: Inflation as an Industrial Problem

8: The Radical Keynes Robert Lekachman

10: The Coming Corporatism

11: Keynes and the Developing World

12: Keynes and the 'Pax Americana'

13: The Keynesian Era in Perspective

Index
10.

Marshall's Dilemma: Equilibrium versus Evolution, in Journal of Economic Issues
by Neil Hart. 22 pgs.

Journal Article
11.

The Struggle over the Soul of Economics: Institutionalist and Neoclassical Economists in America between the Wars ("The Economics of Marshall and His Students" begins on p. 30)
by Yuval P. Yonay. 290 pgs.

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This book provides a surprising answer to two puzzling questions that relate to the very "soul" of the professional study of economics in the late twentieth century. How did the discipline of economics come to be dominated by an approach that is heavily dependent on mathematically derived models? And what happened to other approaches to the discipline that were considered to be scientifically viable less than fifty years ago? Between the two world wars there were two well-accepted schools of thought in economics: the "neoclassical," which emerged in the last third of the nineteenth century, and the "institutionalist," which started with the works of Veblen and Commons at the end of the same century. Although the contributions of the institutionalists are nearly forgotten now, Yuval Yonay shows that their legacy lingers in the study and practice of economics today. By reconsidering their impact and by analyzing the conflicts that arose between neoclassicists and institutionalists, Yonay brings to life a hidden chapter in the history of economics.
The author is a sociologist of science who brings a unique perspective to economic history. By utilizing the actor-network approach of Bruno Latour and Michel Callon, he arrives at a deeper understanding of the nature of the changes that took place in the practice of economics. His analysis also illuminates a broader set of issues concerning the nature of scientific practice and the forces behind changes in scientific knowledge.

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Contents

Acknowledgments

The Struggle Over the Soul of Economics

One: Introduction: a Sociological Interpretation of the Modern History of Economics

Two: The Neoclassical Era (1870–1914) from a Different Angle

Three: Reconstructing the History of Institutionalism

Four: The Struggle Over the Meaning of Science

Five: Bringing People and Institutions Back In: the Struggle Over the Scope of Economics

Six: The Free Market on Trial: the Struggle Over the Gap Between Reality and Theory

Seven: The Struggle Over Social Relevance and the Place of Values

Eight: Evolution or Revolution? the Struggle Over the History of the Discipline

Nine: Epilogue: the Fall of Institutionalism and the Rise of Modern Economics

Ten: Conclusions: the Evolution of Economic Analysis

Notes

Bibliography

Index
12.

The Economic Mind in America: Essays in the History of American Economics (Chap. 12 "Marshall, Veblen, and the Search for an Evolutionary Economics")
by Malcolm Rutherford. 334 pgs.

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This volume demonstrates the variety creativity of American economics and the links between American economic thought and its non-European context. It contains selected papers from the 1996 History of Economics Society Conference.

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Contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Part I: Roundtable on American Economics

1: What is American About American Economics?

2: Remarks on “american-Ness” in American Economic Thought

3: What is “american” About U.S. Economics?

4: Comment on “what is American About American Economics?”

References

Part II: Pioneers of American Policy Analysis

5: Irving Fisher as a Policy Advocate

6: Social Science and the Making of Social Policy

Notes

7: Vision Accomplished

Part III: Contributions to Theory and Measurement

8: Herbert J.Davenport’s Transformation of the Austrian Theory of Value and Cost

9: The Quest for an Ideal Index

10: Frank Knight’s Position on Capital and Interest

References

Part IV: Institutional Economics

11: Europe in America

12: Marshall, Veblen, and the Search for an Evolutionary Economics

Notes

13: Commons Versus Veblen on the Place of the Individual in the Social Process

Part V: American Originals

14: Peirce’s Economic Reasoning in His Methodological Essay, “on the Logic of Drawing History from Ancient Documents Especially from Testimonies”

15: The Social Conscience of an American Economist

16: Robert A.Heinlein and Issues in American Economics

References

Part VI: American Economists and the World

17: The International Dimension of American Economics

Index

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