Jean-Baptiste Say

Say, Jean Baptiste - zhäN bätēstˈ sā, 1767–1832, French economist. In A Treatise on Political Economy (1803, tr. from the 4th ed. 1821) he effectively reorganized and popularized the theories of Adam Smith. Say also developed a noted theory of markets and the concept of the entrepreneur. Say's law of markets holds that supply creates its own demand. His Read More...

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Jean-Baptiste Say

1 .

A Treatise on Political Economy, Or, the Production, Distribution, and Consumption of Wealth
by Jean-Baptiste Say. 460 pgs.

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Contents

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Book I.: Of the Production of Wealth.

Chapter I: Of What is to Be Understood by the Term, Production.

Chapter II: Of the Different Kinds of Industry and the Mode in Which They Concur in Production.

Chapter III: Of the Nature of Productive Capital, and the Mode in Which It Concurs in the Business of Production.

Chapter IV: Of the Natural Agents That Assist in the Production of Wealth, and Specially of Land.

Chapter V: On the Mode in Which Industry, Capital, and Natural Agents Unite for the Purpose of Production.

Chapter VI: Of the Operations Common to All Branches of Industry Alike.

Chapter VII: Of the Labour of Mankind, of Nature, and of Machinery Respectively.

Chapter VIII: Of the Advantages and Disadvantages Resulting from Di Vision of Labour, and of the Extent to Which It May Be Carried.

Chapter IX: Of the Different Methods of Employing Commercial Indus Try, and the Mode in Which They Concur in Production

Chapter X: Of the Transformations Undergone by Capital in the Pro Gress of Production

Chapter XI: Of the Formation and Multiplication of Capital.

Chapter XII: Of Unproductive Capital.

Chapter XIII: Of Immaterial Products, or Values Consumed at the Mo Ment of Production.

Chapter XIV: Of the Right of Property.

Chapter XV: Of the Vent or Demand for Products.

Chapter XVI: Of the Benefits Resulting from the Brisk Circulation of Money and Commodities.

Chapter XVII: Of the Effect of Government Regulations Intended to In Fluence Production.

Chapter XVIII: Of the Effect Upon National Wealth, Resulting from the Productive Efforts of Public Authority

Chapter XIX: Of Colonies and Their Products

Chapter XX: Of Temporary and Permanent Emigration Considered in Reference to National Wealth.

Chapter XXI: Of the Nature and Uses of Money.

Chapter XXII: Of Signs or Representatives of Money.

Book Ii.: Of the Distribution of Wealth.

Chapter 1: Of the Basis of Value; and of Supply and Demand.

Chapter II: Of the Sources of Revenue.

Chapter III: Of Real and Relative Variation of Price.

Chapter IV: Of Nominal Variation of Price, and of the Peculiar Value of Bullion and of Coin.

Chapter V: Of the Manner in Which Revenue is Distributed Amongst Society.

Chapter VI: Of What Branches of Production Yield the Most Liberal Recompense to Productive Agency.

Chapter VII: Of the Revenue of Industry.

Chapter VIII: Of the Revenue of Capital.

Chapter IX: Of the Revenue of Land.

Chapter XI: Of the Mode in Whlch the Quantity of the Product Affects Population.

Book Iii.: Of the Consumption of Wealth.

Chapter II: Of the Effect of Consumption in General.

Chapter III: Of the Effect of Productive Consumption.

Chapter IV: Of the Effect of Unproductive Consumption in General.

Chapter V: Of Individual Consumpton--Its Motives and Its Effects.

Chapter VI: On Public Consumption.

Chapter VII: Of the Actual Contributors to Public Consumption.

Chapter VIII: Of Taxation.
2 .

OLBIE or Essay on the Means of Improving the Morals of a Nation, in Utopian Studies
by Jean-Baptiste Say. 29 pgs.

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3 .

The Social Economics of Jean-Baptiste Say: Markets and Virtue
by Evelyn L. Forget. 312 pgs.

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Although Say is often depicted as a one-dimensional libertarian ideologist who popularized Adam Smith's economics in France, Forget (economics, U. of Manitoba, Canada) depicts him as a complex republican whose interests included bringing together support for free markets, industrial development, government legislation, and the educational system to create and maintain an ideal civil society. This book also contains the full text (translated into English) of Say's Olbie, a utopian novel he wrote for an academic competition in 1800.

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Title Page

Contents

Figures

Acknowledgements

Part I

1: Introduction

2: A Brief Biography of Jean-Baptiste Say (1767-1832)

3: Jean-Baptiste Say and the Institutions of Idéologie

4: Towards a Psychology of Rational Individuals

5: Physiology, Order and Chaos

6: From Physiology to Social Theory: the Body Politic, Sympathy and Moral Education

7: The Amelioration of Poverty in Olbie: the Roles of Educators, Administrators and Legislators

8: On Domestic Virtue

9: Natural Order and Spontaneous Order

10: Say's Social Economics as a Contribution to the Pedagogical Programme of Idéologie

11: Idéologie and Say's Theory of Value

12: Class Analysis and the Distribution of Income

13: The Ubiquitous Law of Markets

14: Idéologie and the Economics of J.-B. Say

Part II

15: An Introduction to the Translations: the Public Morality Contest of Year VIII

16: Pierre-Louis Roederer: Observations

17: Jean-Baptiste Say: Olbie, or an Essay on the Means of Reforming the Morals of a Nation

18: Jean-Baptiste Say Reconsiders Olbie

19: A.-L.-C. Destutt De Tracy: ‘what Are the Methods of Founding Morality Among a People?’ by Cit. D…

Notes

Bibliography

Index
4 .

A Science in Its Youth: Pre-Marxian Political Economy (Chap. 16 "The Say School and Cournot's Contribution")
by A. Anikin. 392 pgs.

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Political Economy before Karl Marx. The links between major modern trends and past economic ideas of Boisguillebert, Patty, Turgat, Smith, Ricardo, and many others is traced in a scholarly yet popular style.

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CONTENTS

Chapter I: ORIGINS

Chapter II: THE GOLD FETISH AND SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS: THE MERCANTILISTS

Chapter III: THE PRAISEWORTHY SIR WILLIAM PETTY

Chapter IV: BOISGUILLEBERT, HIS AGE AND ROLE

Chapter V: JOHN LAW -- ADVENTURER AND PROPHET

Chapter VI: PRE-ADAM ECONOMICS

Chapter VII: BENJAMIN FRANKLIN AND TRANSATLANTIC ECONOMICS

Chapter VIII: DOCTOR QUESNAY AND HIS SECT

Chapter IX: TURGOT -- THINKER, MINISTER AND MAN

Chapter X: ADAM SMITH THE SCOTTISH SAGE

Chapter XI: ADAM SMITH THE CREATOR OF A SYSTEM

Chapter XII: DAVID RICARDO THE GENIUS FROM THE CITY

Chapter XIII: DAVID RICARDO THE CROWNING OF THE SYSTEM

Chapter XIV: AROUND RICARDO--AND LATER

Chapter XV: ECONOMIC ROMANTICISM SISMONDI

Chapter XVI: THE SAY SCHOOL AND COURNOT'S CONTRIBUTION

Chapter XVII: ECONOMIC NATIONALISM FRIEDRICH LIST

Chapter XVIII: THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF THE UTOPISTS

Chapter XIX: ROBERT OWEN AND EARLY ENGLISH SOCIALISM

NAME INDEX
5 .

Studies in the History of French Political Economy: From Bodin to Walras (Chap. 5 "Jean-Baptiste Say: The Entrepreneur, the Free Trade Doctrine and the Theory of Income Distribution")
by Gilbert Faccarello. 464 pgs.

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This book considers the evolution of economic thought in France from the sixteenth to twentieth century and explores the key economists, themes and controversies.

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Contents

Foreword

1: Economic Publishing and Authors, 1566-1789

Sources

References

2: The Enigmatic Monsieur Du Tot

3: Mathematical Economics and Probability Theory

Notes

4: Galiani, Necker and Turgot

Notes

References

5: Jean-Baptiste Say: the Entrepreneur, the Free Trade Doctrine and the Theory of Income Distribution

6: Sismondi and the Evolution of Economic Institutions

7: Jules Dupuit, the French 'IngÉnieurs Économistes' and the SociÉtÉ D'Économie Politique

Notes

8: From the Dynamics of the Entrepreneur to the Analysis of the Firm

References

9: The Development of Walras' Monetary Theory

10: LÉon Walras and Applied Science

Notes

11: French Economists and Marginalism (1871-1918)

References

Index
6 .

Economic Theory in Retrospect (Chap. 5 "Say's Law and Classical Monetary Theory")
by M. Blaug. 642 pgs.

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The Irwin Series in Economics

Preface

Preface

Table of Contents

Introduction Has Economic Theory Progressed?

Chapter 1 Pre-Adamite Economics

Chapter 2 Adam Smith

Chapter 3 Population, Diminishing Returns, and Rent

Chapter 4 Ricardo's System

Chapter 5 Say's Law and Classical Monetary Theory

Chapter 7 Marxian Economics

Chapter 8 Jevons and the Marginal Revolution

Chapter 9 Marshallian Economics: Utility and Demand

Chapter 10 Marshallian Economics: Cost and Supply

Chapter 11 Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution

Chapter 13 General Equilibrium and Welfare Economics

Chapter 14 Neoclassical Theory of Money, Interest, and Prices

Chapter 15 Keynes Versus the Classics

Chapter 16 a Methodological Postscript

Index of Names

Index of Subjects
7 .

Emergence and Content of Modern Economic Analysis (Chap. 8 "Say's Law and the Question Of Full Employment")
by William Fellner. 466 pgs.

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Preface

Contents

Part One

Chapter 2: The Inductive Element

Chapter 3 Mercantilist Contributions

Chapter 4: The Physiocrat System and Turgot

Part Two

Chapter 6: Classical Wages Fund, Population, And Diminishing Returns

Chapter 7: Classical Rent Theory and Its Extensions

Chapter 8: Say's Law and the Question Of Full Employment

Chapter 9: Economic Development

Chapter 10: Classical Value Theory

Chapter 11: Classical Free Trade

Chapter 12: Marxian Socialism

Part Three

Chapter 14: Basic Propositions in the Theory Of Rational Consumer Choice

Chapter 15: Indifference Curves and The Measurability Problem

Chapter 16: Pricing of the Firm's Output

Chapter 17: Market Structures

Chapter 18: Removal of Some Simplifying Assumptions

Appendix to Part Three: Derivation of Cost Curves and Elementary Programming Problem Involving Linearity Assumptions

Part Four

Chapter 21: The Determination of Output On Non-Sayian Assumptions

Chapter 22: Working the Public Sector into The Savings-Investment Framework

Chapter 23: Explicit Introduction of Dynamic Factors

Chapter 24: Cyclical Disturbances

Chapter 25: Hints from Condensed Narratives Of Expansions and Major Downturns

Part Five

Chapter 27: Competition and Monopoly As Problems of Policy

Chapter 28: Full-Employment Policies And Inflationary Pressures

Chapter 29: Redistributive Policies

Chapter 30: Issues of International Economic Policy

Index
8 .

Capitalism: A Treatise on Economics (Chap. 13 "Productionism, Say's Law, and Unemployment")
by George Reisman. 1048 pgs.

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Contents in Brief

Contents

Figures

Tables

Preface

Notes

Introduction

Notes

Part One: The Foundations of Economics

Chapter 1: Economics and Capitalism

Chapter 2: Wealth and Its Role in Human Life

Chapter 3: Natural Resources and the Environment

Part Two: The Division of Labor and Capitalism

Chapter 4: The Division of Labor and Production

Chapter 5: The Dependence of the Division of Labor on Capitalism I

Chapter 6: The Dependence of the Division of Labor on Capitalism II: the Price System and Economic Coordination

Chapter 7: The Dependence of the Division of Labor on Capitalism III: Price Controls and Economic Chaos

Chapter 8: The Dependence of the Division of Labor on Capitalism Iv: Socialism, Economic Chaos, and Totalitarian Dictatorship

Chapter 9: The Influence of the Division of Labor on the Institutions of Capitalism

Chapter 10: Monopoly versus Freedom of Competition

Chapter 11: The Division of Labor and the Concept of Productive Activity

Part Three: The Process of Economic Progress

Chapter 12: Money and Spending

Chapter 13: Productionism, Say's Law, and Unemployment

Chapter 14: The Productivity Theory of Wages

Chapter 15: Aggregate Production, Aggregate Spending, and the Role of Saving in Spending

Chapter 16: The Net-Consumption/Net-Investment Theory of Profit and Interest

Chapter 17: Applications of the Invariable-Money/ Net-Consumption Analysis

Chapter 18: Keynesianism: a Critique

Chapter 19: Gold versus Inflation

Epilogue

Chapter 20: Toward the Establishment of Laissez-Faire Capitalism

Notes

Bibliography

Index
9 .

History of Economic Thought: A Critical Account of the Origin and Development of the Economic Theories of the Leading Thinkers in the Leading Nations (Chap. 16 "Say, Rau, and Other Chief Expositors in Germany and France")
by Lewis H. Haney. 678 pgs.

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Preface to the First Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

Outline of Table of Contents

Table of Contents

A. General Introduction

Chapter I the Nature and Importance of the History of Economic Thought

Chapter II the Origin and Tardy Development of Economic Thought

B. Economic Thought Before the Science of Economics

Chapter III Oriental Economic Thought, Especially the Concepts of the Hebrews and Hindus

Chapter V the Economic Thought of the Romans

Appendix to Chapter V

Chapter VI the Middle Ages

Chapter VII Mercantilism

Appendix to Chapter VII

Chapter VIII Earlier German Mercantilists and Kameralists

C. the Evolution of Economics as a Science

Chapter IX the Physiocrats and the Revolution in Social Philosophy

Chapter X Adam Smith with His Immediate Predecessors and the Revolution in Industry

Chapter XI Malthus and the Theory of Population

Chapter XII Ricardo and the Theory of Distribution, Especially the Rent Doctrine

Chapter XIV Bastiat and the French Optimists

Chapter XV Senior and the Abstinence Theory

Chapter XVI Say, Rau, and Other Chief Expositors in Germany and France

Chapter XVII Von ThÜnen and the Isolated State

Chapter XX MÜller, List, and Carey: the Early Nationalists

Chapter XXI Early Nineteenth-Century Socialism

Chapter XXII: John Stuart Mill

Chapter XXIII the Founders of "Scientific" Socialism in Germany

Chapter XXIV the Advocates of a Narrow Exchange-Value Economics: Criticism of the Scope of Classical Economics

Chapter XXVI the German Historical School

Chapter XXVII Lauderdale and Hermann: Early Criticism of the Theory of Capital, Profits, and Value

Chapter XXIX Earlier Developments in the Marginal Utility Concept: Gossen, Jevons, and Walras

Chapter XXXI Economic Thought in Germany and Italy During the Latter Part of the Nineteenth Century

Chapter XXXII Economic Thought in England and France in the Latter Part of the Nineteenth Century

Chapter XXXIII Economic Thought in the United States During the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century

Chapter XXXIV Conclusion

Bibliographical Notes

Index of Names

General Index
10 .

The Growth of Economic Thought (Chap. 11 "The Details of Smith's System and Its Reorganization by Say")
by Henry William Spiegel. 868 pgs.

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PREFACE

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION: AN OVERALL VIEW OF THE HISTORY OF ECONOMICS

Chapter 1 from the Bible to Plato Founts of Western Civilization

Chapter 2: FROM ARISTOTLE TO THE FATHERS OF THE CHURCH

Chapter 3: MEDIEVAL ECONOMIC THOUGHT The Practice of Charity and the Avoidance of Sin

Chapter 4: From Unity to Diversity

Chapter 5: MERCANTILISM: Economic Warfare for National Gain

Chapter 6: BEYOND MERCANTILISM: The Rise of Quantitative Methods

Chapter 7: BEYOND MERCANTILISM: The Emergence of Liberal Ideas

Chapter 8: Nature's Circular Flow

Chapter 9: DISCORDANT CURRENTS OF THOUGHT: Galiani Hume Steuart

Chapter 10: ADAM SMITH'S ECONOMICS OF SELF-RELIANCE: The Philosophical Background

Chapter 11: THE DETAILS OF SMITH'S SYSTEM AND ITS REORGANIZATION BY SAY

Chapter 12: MALTHUS'S POPULATION DOCTRINE OF SELF-DENIAL

Chapter 13 Further Transformations of Smith's Economics: the Concern with Demand

Chapter 14: RICARDIAN ECONOMICS: Liberalism Enthroned

Chapter 15: FROM RICARDO TO MILL: Consolidation and Ferment

Chapter 16: JOHN STUART MILL: Liberalism Redeemed

Chapter 17: Baconian and Related Variants

Chapter 18: THE HEGELIAN VARIANT OF HISTORICAL ECONOMICS

Chapter 19 Socialism Before Marx: a Diversity of Views

Chapter 20: MARX: Salvation through Revolution

Chapter 21: SOCIALISM AFTER MARX: Reform Versus Revolution

Chapter 22: ECONOMICS RESTRUCTURED: Marginalism and Optimization 1. FORERUNNERS AND JEVONS

Chapter 23: ECONOMICS RESTRUCTURED: Marginalism and Optimization 2. THE AUSTRIAN SCHOOL: ACCENT ON UTILITY

Chapter 24: 3. THE LAUSANNE SCHOOL: A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM

Chapter 25: ECONOMICS RESTRUCTURED: Marginalism and Optimization 4. THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL: TRANSCENDING SUPPLY AND DEMAND

Chapter 26 from Wicksell to Keynes: the Upsurge of Monetary and Income Analysis

Chapter 27: Orthodoxy and Dissent

Chapter 28: FROM ECONOMICS TO ECONOMETRICS

Chapter 29: AN EXPANDED PROFESSION IN SEARCH OF NEW FRONTIERS

Collateral Readings

COLLATERAL READINGS BY READINGS

Bibliographical Notes

THE LITERATURE OF THE 1980s AND EARLY 1990s

INDEX
11 .

Development of Economic Analysis (Chap. 6 "Thomas Malthus and J.B. Say: The Political Economy of Population Behavior and Aggregate Demand")
by Ingrid Hahne Rima. 594 pgs.

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This book traces the development of economic theory from Plato through to contemporary thought. All the major movements are covered and presented here in 6 chronological parts.

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Contents

Preface to the Sixth Edition

Part I: Preclassical Economics

Chapter 1: Early Masterworks as Sources of Economic Thought

General References

Chapter 2: The Origins of Analytical Economics

Chapter 3: The Transition to Classical Economics

Part II: Classical Economics

Chapter 4: Physiocracy: the Beginning of Analytical Economics

Chapter 5: Adam Smith: from Moral Philosophy to Political Economy

Selected References and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 6: Thomas Malthus and J.B. Say: the Political Economy of Population Behavior and Aggregate Demand

Chapter 7: David Ricardo and William Nassau Senior: Income Shares and Their Long-Term Tendencies

Chapter 8: Ricardo, Senior and John Stuart Mill: International Trade, Monetary Theory and Method in Economic Science

Chapter 9: Classical Theory in Review: from Quesnay to Mcculloch

Part III: The Critics of Classicism

Chapter 10: Socialism, Induction, and the Forerunners of Marginalism

Chapter 11: Karl Marx: an Inquiry into the 'Law of Motion' of the Capitalist System

Chapter 12: 'First-Generation' Marginalists: Jevons, Walras, and Menger

Chapter 13: 'second-Generation' Marginalists and the Austrian School

Part IV: The Neoclassical Tradition, 1890-1945

Chapter 14: Alfred Marshall and the Neoclassical Tradition

Chapter 15: Chamberlin, Robinson, and Other Price Theorists

Chapter 16: The 'New' Theory of Welfare and Consumer Behavior

Chapter 17: Neoclassical Monetary and Business-Cycle Theorists

Partv: The Dissent from Neoclassicism, 1890-1945

Chapter 18: The Dissent of American Institutionalists

Selected References and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 19: The Economics of Planning; Socialism Without Marxism

Selected References and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 20: J.M. Keynes's Critique of the Mainstream Tradition

Chapter 21: Keynes's Theory of Employment, Output, and Income; Harrod's Dynamic Interpretation

Part VI: Beyond High Theory

Chapter 22: The Emergence of Econometrics as the Sister Discipline of Economics

Notes

Selected References and Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 23: Keynesians, Neo-Walrasians, and Monetarists

Chapter 24: The Analytics of Economic Liberalism: the Chicago Tradition

Chapter 25: Competing Paradigms in Contemporary Economics

Index of Names

Index of Subjects
12 .

Macroeconomics Theory and Economic Policy: Essays in Honour of Jean-Paul Fitoussi (Chap. 5 "Trashing J.B. Say: The Story of a Mare's Nest")
by K. Vela Velupillai. 202 pgs.

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Jean-Paul Fitoussi is one of the world's foremost macroeconomists. This celebration of his work includes contributions from Nobel Prize winning economists Kenneth Arrow & Robert Solow as well as Olivier Blanchard & sociologist Edmond Malinvaud.

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Contents

1: Preface and Summary

2: The Consummate Macroeconomist

3: Price Versus Wage Stickiness and the Issue of Persistence

4: Contours of Employment Protection Reform

5: Trashing J.B. Say

6: Assets, Debts and Interest in the Eu and the Us

References

7: The Long Swings in Economic Understanding

8: The Difficult Dialogue Between the Development of Macroeconomic Theory and Macroeconomic Policy Concerns

9: What Structuralism is - and What Errors and Omissions It Avoids in Supply-Side and Rbc Models

References

10: What Should We Mean by "Growth Policy?"

11: Rational Expectations Equilibria

Author Index

Subject Index

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