Reinforcement

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Reinforcement

1.

Reinforcement: An Enduring Problem in Psychology Selected Readings
by Robert C. Birney, Richard C. Teevan. 230 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

Foreword

Contents

Introduction

Part I

1: Provisional Laws of Acquired Behavior or Learning

2: The Acquisition of Receptor-Effector Connections--Primary Reinforcement

3: Conditioning as a Principle Of Learning

4: Reward Neal E. Miller and John Dollard

Part II

5: The Effect of the Introduction of Reward Upon the Maze Performance of Rats Hugh Carlton Blodgett

6: Studies in Learning and Motivation: I. Equal Reinforcements in Both End- boxes, Followed by Shock in One End- box

7: On the Elimination of Cul Entries Without Obvious Reinforcement

Part III

8: On the Dual Nature of Learning--A Re- interpretation of "Conditioning" and "Problem Solving"

Part IV

9: Reward Value of A Non-Nutritive Sweet Taste

10: Reward Effects of Food Via Stomach Fistula Compared with Those of Food Via Mouth

11: Discrimination Learning by Rhesus Monkeys to Visual-Exploration Motivation

12: Failure to Find a Learned Drive Based on Hunger; Evidence for Learning Mo- tivated by "Exploration"

13: Positive Reinforcement Produced By Electrical Stimulation of Septal Area And Other Regions of Rat Brain

14: Shortcomings of Food Consumption as A Measure of Hunger; Results from Other Behavioral Techniques

Part V

15: Comments on Selected Controversial Issues
2.

The Effect of Delay and Intervening Events on Reinforcement Value, Vol. 5
by Michael L. Commons, James E. Mazur, John A. Nevin, Stony Brook, Howard Rachlin. 352 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

CONTENTS

ABOUT THE EDITORS

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

PREFACE

1: STUDIES OF DELAY AND CHOICE: MOLAR AND MOLECULAR CONCEPTIONS OF CHOICE

1: Duration Comparison and the Perception of Time

2: Behavioral Models of Delayed Detection and Their Application to the Study of Memory

3: An Adjusting Procedure for Studying Delayed Reinforcement

II: SINGLE SCHEDULES

4: A Mathematical Theory of Reinforcer Value and Its Application to Reinforcement Delay in Simple Schedules

REFERENCES

5: Considerations in the Experimental Analysis of Reinforcement Delay

REFERENCES

III: CONCURRENT SCHEDULES AND CONCURRENT-CHAIN SCHEDULES

6: Aversion with Only One Factor

REFERENCES

8: Choice and Punishment: A Local Analysis

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

9: Detention Time After Reinforcement: Effects Due to Delay of Reinforcement?

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

10: Concurrent Reinforcement of Response Sequences

11: The Analysis of Concurrent- Chain Performance

REFERENCES

IV: SELF-CONTROL

12: Quantification of Individual Differences in Self-Control

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

13: Effects of Prior Learning and Current Motivation on Self-Control

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

14: Prey Selection and Self- Control

REFERENCES

15: The Delay-Reduction Hypothesis: Extensions to Foraging and Three- Alternative Choice

REFERENCES

Author Index

Subject Index
3.

Biological Determinants of Reinforcement, Vol. 7
by Michael L. Commons, Russell M. Church, James R. Stellar, Allan R. Wagner. 284 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

CONTENTS

ABOUT THE EDITORS

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

REFERENCES

I: ELECTRICAL BRAIN STIMULATION

1: Determining the Quantitative Characteristics of a Reward Pathway

REFERENCES

2: The Reward Summation Function in Hypothalamic Self-Stimulation

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

3: Quantitative Characteristics of the Directly Stimulated Neurons Subserving Self- Stimulation of the Medial Forebrain Bundle: Psychophysical Inference and Electrophysiological Measurement

REFERENCES

4: Cholinergic Involvement in Hypothalamic and Midbrain Rewarding Brain Stimulati on

5: Biological Basis of the Remembered Time of Reinforcement

REFERENCES

II: LEARNING, BEHAVIOR, AND REINFORCEMENT

6: Internal Clock and Reward Pathways Share Physiologically Similar Information-Processing Stages

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

CONCLUSION

7: Separate Neurochemical Substrates for Cocaine and Heroin Reinforcement

REFERENCES

III: DRUGS AND REINFORCEMENT

8: How Drugs Affect Cells and Reinforcement Affects Behavior: Formal Analogies

SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION

APPENDIX

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

9: Reinforcers and Sequential Choice: Win-Stay" and the Role of Dopamine in Reinforcement"

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

IV: CELLULAR MECHANISMS

10: Causal Detection in a Mollusc: Cellular Mechanisms of Predictive Coding, Associative Learning, and Memory

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

11: Operant Conditioning of Individual Neurons

REFERENCES

Author Index

Subject Index
4.

Effective Interventions: Applying Learning Theory to School Social Work ("Reinforcement" begins on p. 106)
by Evelyn Harris Ginsburg, William J. Reid. 218 pgs.

Book

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This how-to book provides practice-based strategies for school social workers, behavior therapists, school personnel, and others wishing to provide psychological treatment to children in the school environment. It details the day-to-day functions and concerns of school social workers and provides reports of empirically validated procedures. The volume serves as a needed working tool for those involved with the lives of children, to help them overcome a range of difficulties, and to enhance their academic achievement.

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Title Page

Copyright Acknowledgment

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

PREFACE

1: INTRODUCTION

1: REASONS FOR BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS IN SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK

2: STATUS OF SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK IN THE FIELD OF BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS

II: WHEN TO USE BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS

3: BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS RELATED TO SCHOOL

4: HOME BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS RELATED TO SCHOOL

5: PROBLEMS IN THE COMMUNITY AFFECTING SCHOOL BEHAVIOR

III: COMPONENTS OF THE METHOD

6: USEFUL INTERVENTIONS

7: PARENT TRAINING

8: SCHOOL-RELATED SETTINGS FAVORING BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS

APPENDIX: CASES OF A BEHAVIORAL SCHOOL SOCIAL WORKER

BIBLIOGRAPHY

AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
5.

Principles of Psychology: A Systematic Text in the Science of Behavior (Chap. 8 "Secondary Reinforcement")
by Fred S. Keller, William N. Schoenfeld. 431 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

Editor's Introduction

Preface

Contents

1: Psychology and the Reflex

Notes

2: Respondent Conditioning

Notes

3: Operant Conditioning

Notes

4: Extinction and Reconditioning

Notes

5: Generalization And Discrimination

Notes

6: Response Variability And Differentiation

Notes

7: Chaining

Notes

8: Secondary Reinforcement

Notes

9: Motivation

Notes

10: Emotion

Notes

11: Social Behavior

Notes

A Last Word

References and Author Index

Subject Index
6.

When Reinforcers for Problem Behavior Are Not Readily Apparent, in Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions
by Craig H. Kennedy. 8 pgs.

Journal Article
7.

Antecedents of Individual Differences in Locus of Control of Reinforcement: A Critical Review, in Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs
by John S. Carton, Stephen Nowicki Jr. 53 pgs.

Journal Article
8.

Delivering Different Reinforcers in Each Half of the Session: Effect of Reinforcement Rate, in The Psychological Record
by Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Hanna C. Rue, Carolyn S. Davis, Cam L. Melville. 14 pgs.

Journal Article
9.

The Negative Effects of Positive Reinforcement in Teaching Children with Developmental Delay, in Exceptional Children
by Gerald B. Biederman, Valerie A. Davey, Christine Ryder, Dina Franchi. 8 pgs.

Journal Article
10.

A Response to "The Negative Effects of Positive Reinforcement in Teaching Children with Developmental Delays," in Exceptional Children
by Phillip C. Ward. 4 pgs.

Journal Article
11.

Rewarded by Punishment: Reflections on the Disuse of Positive Reinforcement in Schools, in Exceptional Children
by John W. Maag. 14 pgs.

Journal Article
12.

Negative Reinforcement and Positive Punishment, in Teaching of Psychology
by James V. McConnell. 3 pgs.

Journal Article
13.

Sex Differences in Classroom Achievement as a Function of Participation in Monitoring and Reinforcement, in Journal of Psychology
by William D. Ward, John E. Jungbluth. 4 pgs.

Journal Article
14.

Effective Components of Covert Reinforcement, in Journal of Psychology
by Ellen S. Lurie, John J. Steffen. 8 pgs.

Journal Article
15.

Operant Conditioning, in Annual Review of Psychology
by J. E. R. Staddon, D.T. Cerutti. 30 pgs.

Journal Article

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