HOXHA, ENVER

ĕnˈvĕr hôˈjä, 1908–85, Albanian Communist leader and general. A founder (1941) of the Albanian Communist party (Albanian Labor party from 1948), Hoxha headed the radical resistance group in Italian-occupied Albania during World War II. General secretary of the party from 1943, he was premier (1946–54) of Albania after its proclamation as a republic. Hoxha was also minister of foreign affairs (1946–53) and commander in chief of the army (1944–54). He maintained close ties with the Soviet Union until its rift with Communist China in 1961; he then joined Beijing in its ideological struggle against Moscow and was branded as a Stalinist by Soviet and other Communist leaders. He stopped Albanian participation in the Warsaw Treaty Organization (Warsaw Pact) and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON). In 1977, Hoxha broke ties with China, protesting that country's liberalization and the U.S.-China rapprochement. Under Hoxha's rule, Albania remained one of the least economically developed and one of the most isolated countries in Europe. Hoxha died in office in 1985, and was succeeded by Ramiz Alia.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Hoxha Enver
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books on: Hoxha Enver  - 261 results

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1.
Dictionary of East European History since 1945
Book by Joseph Held; Greenwood Press, 1994
Subjects: Europe, Eastern--History--1945---Dictionaries
...The first secretary of the AWP, Enver Hoxha, was the most powerful man in the...were withdrawn from the coun try. Hoxha openly denounced Khrushchev, and...group, were killed. Great hatred for Hoxha and his regime was expressed everywhere...
2.
Europe since 1945: An Encyclopedia - Vol. 2
Book by Bernard A. Cook; Garland, 2001
Subjects: Europe--Civilization--1945- Encyclopedias, Europe--History--1945---Encyclopedias, European Cooperation--Encyclopedias, Political Leadership--Europe--Encyclopedias, Politicians--Europe--Encyclopedias, Statesmen--Europe--Encyclopedias
...II. The magnificent Great Winter (first version 1973), based on the 1961 rift with the USSR, contains a portrait of Enver Hoxha that the dictator was said to have dearly loved, but in 1975 the manuscripts of Niche of Shame, where the severed...
3.
Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism
Book by Richard Frucht; Garland Pub., 2000
Subjects: Europe, Eastern--Encyclopedias
...government was created, led by Enver Hoxha (1908 1985). A month later, German...of the newly created party were Enver Hoxha, a thirty-three-year-old former...in Albania; Gegs; Great Powers; Enver Hoxha; Fiume; Abdul Frasheri; Adolf Hitler...
4.
Albania--China's Beachhead in Europe
Book by Harry Hamm; Praeger, 1963
Subjects: Albania--Foreign Relations--China, China--Foreign Relations--Albania, Communism--Albania
...deafening roar that sounded like a battle cry, "Enver Hoxha! Enver Hoxha!" Hoxha replied with a smile and a patronizing...greater-than-lifesize portrait, that of Albanias own dictator, Enver Hoxha. Nor was it sheer coincidence that the crowd on...
5.
Mao against Khrushchev: A Short History of the Sino-Soviet Conflict
Book by David Floyd; Frederick A. Praeger, 1964
Subjects: China--Foreign Relations--Soviet Union, Soviet Union--Foreign Relations--China
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journal articles on: Hoxha Enver  - 30 results

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1.
Hoxha's Class War: The Cultural Revolution and State Reformation, 1961-1971
Journal article by Isa Blumi; East European Quarterly, Vol. 33, 1999
Subjects: Albania--History, Albanian history, Communism--Influence, Hoxha, Enver--Political activity, Political reform--Analysis, Social change--Analysis
...aggressively resist the forces of change, Enver Hoxha, as in the period during and immediately...exploitation of youthful enthusiasm. Enver Hoxha had no use for the rudder-less...future "cultural revolution." Both Enver Hoxha and his Premier, Mehmet Shehu...
2.
The Politics of Culture and Power: The Roots of Hoxha's Postwar State
Journal article by Isa Blumi; East European Quarterly, Vol. 31, 1997
Subjects: Albania--History, Albanian history, Ethnic relations--Political aspects, Hoxha, Enver--Biography
...international Communism fuse with Enver Hoxha at the core of the postwar Albanian...evolving Marxism.(4) To understand Enver Hoxha, that is his ethnic and linguistic...Tosks. It will become clear that Enver Hoxha had decided to exploit his comrades...
3.
The Quest for Legitimacy and the Withering Away of Utopia
Journal article by Fatos Tarifa; Social Forces, Vol. 76, 1997
Subjects: Social Problems, Social Service
...Statinism. Her Communist ruler Enver Hoxha was widely regarded as being "more...or in part in the late 1950s, Hoxha strongly opposed de-Stalinization...Crisis . Oxford University Press. Hoxha, Enver. 1984 . With Stalin - Memoirs...
4.
Partisan Politics in World War II Albania: The Struggle for Power, 1939-1944
Journal article by Gani Manelli; East European Quarterly, Vol. 40, 2006
Subjects: Albania--Political activity, Albanians--Political activity, Guerrillas--Political activity, World War II, 1939-1945
...state of the economy later gave Enver Hoxha, leader the Communist Party of...acts of sabotage. Meanwhile, as Enver Hoxha states in his memoirs, British...Shqiperise). (12) Years later, Enver Hoxha, founder of the Peoples Republic...
5.
Albania: The Habits of the Heart
Journal article by Tina Rosenberg; World Policy Journal, Vol. 11, 1994
Subjects: World Politics
...built by Communist dictator Enver Hoxha after the Soviet invasion of...proclaimed, led by schoolteacher Enver Hoxha . Although Hoxha owed nothing...clinic for party elites, where Enver Hoxha was among his patients. His main...
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magazine articles on: Hoxha Enver  - 47 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-47 >>  
 
1.
In the Shadows
Magazine article by Anthony Daniels; National Review, Vol. 41, July 14, 1989
Subjects: Albania--Social aspects, Hoxha, Enver--Political activity
...pass the statues of Stalin and Enver Hoxha. Army officers, dressed in olive-drab...objects. Chief among these is Enver Hoxha, founder of the state and therefore...the gleaming white pyramid of the Enver Hoxha Museum in Tirana, in which there...
2.
Eternal Albania : One of Europe's Finest Writers Shows Us How to Awake from the Nightmare of History
Magazine article by Lee Congdon; World and I, Vol. 18, October 2003
Subjects: Albania--History, Albanian authors, Albanian authors--Criticism and interpretation, Albanian authors--Works, Albanian writers--Criticism and interpretation, Albanian writers--Works, Hoxha, Enver, Kadare, Ismail--Criticism and interpretation, Kadare, Ismail--Works
...World War II. Led by the French-educated but unhinged Enver Hoxha (1908--85), they erected a system infamous for the rigidity...the East German Stalinist). Soon they are joined by Enver Hoxha and then--by Oedipus Rex (or more correctly, Oedipus...
3.
A Certain Exhaustion
Magazine article by Stephen Schwartz; New Criterion, Vol. 19, October 2000
Subjects: Albania--Literature, Albanians--Literature, Banned books--Albania, Catholic authors--Criticism, interpretation, etc.
...Alia, successor to the infamous Enver Hoxha. Under the latter, Albania had...of these men were slaughtered by Enver Hoxha. The fate of Ndoc Nikaj is especially...and moral lessons. The regime of Enver Hoxha accused the aged Rev. Nikaj of...
4.
Eye of the Beholder: The Only Thing Fraudulent in the Recent Albanian Elections Was the Orchestrated Condemnation by International Observers
Magazine article by Anthony Daniels; National Review, Vol. 48, July 1, 1996
Subjects: Albania--Political aspects, Albanian foreign relations, Elections--Albania, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe--International relations
...which used to house the Enver Hoxha Museum, there was a giant...Chips of stone flew off Enver Hoxhas body, but he remained...made. And when finally Hoxha was decapitated and his...ultimate crime of deicide. Hoxha was the colossus of modern...
5.
The Chicago Connection
Magazine article by Allison Stanger; American Scholar, Vol. 75, Autumn 2006
Subjects: Albania--Description and travel, Albania--Political aspects, Albania--Social aspects
...architect of Albanias bunkerization was Enver Hoxha. As the Albanian Party of Labours...distinctively Albanian monument, the Enver Hoxha pyramid, designed by Hoxhas daughter...regime, the pyramid housed the Enver Hoxha museum. Today it is home to a coffee...
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newspaper articles on: Hoxha Enver  - 27 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-20 21-27 >>  
 
1.
Uighur Refugees
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, June 25, 2006
Subjects: Refugees
...Refugees. Byline: David Jones, THE WASHINGTON TIMES Uighur refugees Two decades after the death of the repressive Enver Hoxha, Albania is making steady progress toward a more open and democratic society. But as freelance correspondent Bruce Konviser...
2.
Albania on Slow Road to Development
Newspaper article by Joshua Kucera; The Washington Times, December 24, 2000
Subjects: Albania
...are still spotty. Bilbil Hoxha, 29 - no relation to Enver Hoxha, the communist dictator who ruled Albania for four decades...have gone to jail for it. PAST HAMPERS PRESENT Under Enver Hoxha, Albania was completely cut off from the outside world...
3.
TRAVEL: Albania Mania
Newspaper article; The Mirror (London, England), April 22, 2006
...have to take? Jayne Greene A ALBANIA is slowly dragging itself into the 21st century after 50 years in the shadow of Enver Hoxha, a brutal communist despot who aligned himself more with Mao than Moscow. He was overthrown in 1990 and his legacy was...
4.
Analysis; Revenge, Death, Exile: Dictators' Occupation Hazards
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, December 31, 2006
Subjects: Dictators, Murder
...always proven true. Russias Josef Stalin, North Koreas Kim Il-Sung, Chinas Mao Zedong, Spains Francisco Franco, Albanias Enver Hoxha and Syrias Hafez Assad all died in power. Augusto Pinochet of Chile arranged a comfortable retirement before handing...
5.
Albanians Given Roads in Return for Weapons: U.N. Program Aims to Weaken Reign of Violence
Newspaper article by Betsy Pisik; The Washington Times, January 31, 1999
Subjects: United Nations
...violence. Even the hard-line Communist government of Enver Hoxha was unable to eliminate private gun ownership. But...by Communist-led partisans in 1944. Stalinist dictator Enver Hoxha ruled for 40 years until his death in 1985, isolating...
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encyclopedia articles on: Hoxha Enver  - 6 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-6 >>  
 
1.
Hoxha, Enver
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
HOXHA, ENVER en ver ho ja, 1908 85, Albanian Communist...Communist party (Albanian Labor party from 1948), Hoxha headed the radical resistance group in Italian-occupied...Albania after its proclamation as a republic. Hoxha was also minister of foreign affairs (1946...
2.
Shehu, Mehmet
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...army. He later became minister of the interior, head of the secret police, and deputy premier. In 1954 he replaced Enver Hoxha as chairman of the council of ministers, or premier. He was one of the architects of the Sino-Albanian alliance that...
3.
Kadare, Ismail
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...who must retrieve his soldiers bodies from Albania after World War II. Kadare at first supported Communist dictator Enver Hoxha , but after the mid-1970s he became increasingly critical of the regime and several of his books were banned. After...
4.
GjirokastËr
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...late 1800s) of anti-Turkish resistance. In World War II it was occupied by Italy, Greece, and Germany in succession. Enver Hoxha , the Albanian Communist party leader, was born there. ____________________ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition...
5.
Albania
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
...the extreme leftist partisans under Enver Hoxha , waged guerrilla warfare against...proclaimed Albania a republic with Hoxha as premier. From 1944 to 1948, Albania...hostility and Albanian isolation led the Hoxha regime to make overtures to neighboring...
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