MARCUS AURELIUS

(Marcus Aelius Aurelius Antoninus)märˈkəs ôrēˈlēəs, 121–180, Roman emperor, named originally Marcus Annius Verus. He was a nephew of Faustina, the wife of Antoninus Pius, who adopted him. Marcus married Antoninus' daughter, another Faustina. From youth he was a diligent student and a zealous Stoic. With his adoptive brother, Lucius Verus, as colleague, Marcus succeeded Antoninus in 161. Verus allowed him to dominate, and from 169 Marcus was sole emperor. His reign was spent defending the empire against Parthians, Germans, and Britons. He won a victory over the Marcomanni (167–168), which was commemorated by the Antonine column (Piazza Colonna, Rome), erected by his son and successor, Commodus. Devoted to his duty and humanitarian in his conception of it, Marcus Aurelius was concerned with improving living conditions for the poor, particularly minors. He was always lenient with political criminals and tried to decrease the brutality at gladiatorial shows. He did, however, persecute the Christians, whom he regarded as natural enemies of the empire. His Meditations, available in several translations, expresses with great beauty and humanity a philosophy with a Stoic basis. The virtuous character of Marcus Aurelius is revealed in his letters to his tutor Fronto.

See biography by A. R. Birley (1966); study by J. H. Oliver (1970).

____________________

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Marcus Aurelius
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books on: Marcus Aurelius  - 3470 results

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1.
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Book by Paul Barron Watson; Harper & Brothers, 1884
Subjects: Marcus Aurelius--Emperor Of Rome--121-180
MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS MARCUS AURELIUS AS A YOUTH From a bust in the Capitoline Museum . MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS BY PAUL BARRON WATSON NEW YORK HARPER BROTHERS...
2.
Selections from the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius
Book by Marcus Aurelius; Century Co., 1899
Subjects: Ethics, Life, Stoics
...SELECTIONS FROM THE MEDITATIONS OF MARCUS AURELIUS AURELIUS CAESAR AUG. PH F...SELECTIONS FROM THE MEDITATIONS OF MARCUS AURELIUS TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL...and thenceforth was known as Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. Lucius died in 169...
3.
The Roman Philosophers: From the Time of Cato the Censor to the Death of Marcus Aurelius
Book by Mark Morford; Routledge, 2002
Subjects: Philosophy, Ancient, Rome--Intellectual Life
...figures such as Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius, whose names are well known...Cato the Censor to the death of Marcus Aurelius Mark Morford Routledge...8 From Epictetus to Marcus Aurelius 209...
4.
The Roman Mind: Studies in the History of Thought from Cicero to Marcus Aurelius
Book by M. L. Clarke; Harvard University Press, 1956
Subjects: Philosophy, Ancient
THE ROMAN MIND THE ROMAN MIND STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF THOUGHT FROM CICERO TO MARCUS AURELIUS by M. L. CLARKE Professor of Latin in the University College of North Wales, Bangor HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE...
5.
Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius
Book by Samuel Dill; Macmillan, 1905
Subjects: Rome--Religion, Rome--Social Life And Customs
ROMAN SOCIETY FROM NERO TO MARCUS AURELIUS ROMAN SOCIETY FROM NERO TO MARCUS AURELIUS BY SAMUEL DILL, M.A. HON. LITT...the world a Trajan, a Hadrian, and a Marcus Aurelius in place of a Caligula and a Nero...
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journal articles on: Marcus Aurelius  - 123 results

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1.
From Ovid's Cecrops to Rubens's City of God in the Finding of Erichthonius
Journal article by Aneta Georgievska-Shine; The Art Bulletin, Vol. 86, 2004
Subjects: Greek mythology--Portrayals, Ovid--Works, Rubens, Peter Paul--Criticism and interpretation, The Finding of Erichthonius (Painting)--Criticism and interpretation
...say, Dear City of Zeus?--Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 4.23 (1...ones fate, the artist invokes Marcus Aurelius, an author intensely studied...my literary sources. (1.) Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, trans. Robin Hard...
2.
The Republic of Reason and Candour
Journal article by Lisa Hill; Journal of Australian Studies, 1999
Subjects: Australia--Politics and government, Republicanism--Political aspects, Utopias--Political aspects
...the pragmatic stoic emperor Marcus Aurelius wanted to embrace foreigners...January 1972, pp 155-7; P Noyen, `Marcus Aurelius: The Greatest Practitioner of...University Press, 1965, p 158. (12) Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, translated and...
3.
Compassion & Terror
Journal article by Martha C. Nussbaum; Daedalus, Vol. 132, 2003
Subjects: Dignity--Research, Human dignity--Research, International relations--Research, Trojan War, United States--International relations, World Trade Center and Pentagon Attacks, 2001
...Circus. --Marcus Aurelius, Meditations...correct. I shall focus here on Marcus Aurelius, in many ways the most psychologically...Citadel: The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, trans. Michael Chase (Cambridge...
4.
Cosmopolitan Law?
Journal article by Noah Feldman; Yale Law Journal, Vol. 116, 2007
Subjects: Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers (Book)--Evaluation, Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership (Book)--Evaluation, International law--Interpretation and construction, The Ethics of Identity (Book)--Evaluation
...world-dominating height. One leading Stoic, Marcus Aurelius, was actually the emperor. For...treats me with hostility, said Marcus Aurelius, must be met with the recognition...between friend and foe. (143) But Marcus Aurelius was not undermining the notion...
5.
Cold Grace: Christian Faith and Stoicism in the Poetry of J.V. Cunningham
Journal article by Francis Fike; Renascence: Essays on Values in Literature, Vol. 59, 2007
Subjects: American poets--Works, Christian poetry--Criticism and interpretation, Cunningham, J.V.--Works
...convictions with objective reality, as Marcus Aurelius affirms when he says that one...history (CE 427). <br/ As Marcus Aurelius recommends, Cunningham adopts...means of the human resource Marcus Aurelius calls "Inner Reason," (TEXT...
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magazine articles on: Marcus Aurelius  - 80 results

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1.
Transcendental 'Meditations.'
Magazine article by Tracy Lee Simmons; National Review, Vol. 46, September 12, 1994
Subjects: Aurelius, Marcus--Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, College students--Study and teaching, Education, Humanistic--Evaluation, Humanistic education--Evaluation, Stoics--Study and teaching
...course with the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius. The Meditations is not one of the major works. Marcus Aurelius, a Roman emperor during the middle...as we have it is the journal Marcus kept while on military campaigns...
2.
Ignoring the Past
Magazine article by Anthony Harrigan; National Review, Vol. 37, January 11, 1985
Subjects: Books--Appreciation, Casey, John--Analysis, I'll Take My Stand (book)--Analysis, Inge, W.R.--Authorship, Lanterns on the Levee (book)--Analysis, Meditations (book)--Analysis, Percy, William Alexander--Authorship, Ransom, John Crowe--Authorship, The Salisbury Review (book)--Publishing, books--Appreciation
...considerable degree, the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, the philosopher-emperor...beginning of Book I, in which Marcus Aurelius cites the persons from whom...Yet it is all so admirable. Marcus Aurelius cites the importance of looking...
3.
Gladiator and the Myths of Rome: T.P. Wiseman Looks at the Development of the Myth of Ancient Rome, Derived from the Way Its History Has Been Seen
Magazine article by T.P. Wiseman; History Today, Vol. 55, April 2005
Subjects: Gladiator (Motion picture)--Criticism and interpretation, Roman Empire, 30 BC-476 AD--History, Rome, Italy--History, Rome, Italy--Myths and legends
...the last year of the reign of Marcus Aurelius. After the great battle in the...Republic can be restored, and that Marcus Aurelius has a secret plan to restore...realised. These are the wishes of Marcus Aurelius. And as the senators carry his...
4.
The Self in Full
Magazine article by Elizabeth Powers; First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life, November 1999
Subjects: Augustine of Hippo, Saint--Conduct of life, Autobiographies--Religious aspects, Mythology--Religious aspects, Religious biography--Criticism, interpretation, etc., Tolstoy, Leo--Conduct of life
...self-exploration in antiquity, Marcus Aurelius Meditations, shows the effects of this lack of interest. Marcus Aurelius, emperor of Rome and a serious...Through sheer force of will, Marcus Aurelius was able to suppress what were...
5.
Rome's Dark Night of Tyranny: When the Republic Fell, Rome Entered the Dark Decline of Empire. Only after Centuries of Misery under Predominantly Tyrannical Emperors Did Rome Finally Meet Its End
Magazine article by Steve Bonta; The New American, Vol. 21, February 7, 2005
Subjects: Roman culture--Analysis, Roman culture--History
...Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus, and Marcus Aurelius, imperial Rome from the late first century until the death of Marcus Aurelius in 180 A.D. enjoyed a brief...predecessors. But with the death of Marcus Aurelius, Romes lucky streak ended...
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newspaper articles on: Marcus Aurelius  - 59 results

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1.
World Opinion; Managing the Mind of a Hostile World
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, August 2, 2006
...in the ranks of the insane." Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor and stoic philosopher...radical Islamist terror: In Marcus Aurelius phrase, to join the ranks of...Today, we are hors de combat. Marcus Aurelius understood the appeal of joining...
2.
Two Prime Ministers Is One Too Many
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), February 13, 2006
...161AD, the great Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius invited his brother, the insipid...the purple," declared Gibbon, "Marcus had discharged a debt of private...are certain differences between Aureliuss soft-hearted decision and Tony...
3.
Health Care Denied
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, April 17, 2005
Health Care Denied. Byline: THE WASHINGTON TIMES Execute every act of thy life as though it were thy last. - Marcus Aurelius As an active Hispanic Republican in Virginia, I am saddened and embarrassed by the General Assemblys passage of a...
4.
Global Warming Insanity
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, September 12, 2007
Subjects: Air pollution, Global warming
...Byline: Paul Driessen, SPECIAL TO THE WASHINGTON TIMES "The object of life is not to be on the side of the majority," Marcus Aurelius opined, "but to escape finding oneself in the ranks of the insane." An even worse fate would be to end up in minority...
5.
`Gladiator' Goes in for the Kill, but Misses
Newspaper article by Gary Arnold; The Washington Times, May 5, 2000
...figures depicted in the movie: the esteemed emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (A.D. 169-180), impersonated with haggard...rescue them from degrading insinuations. Gibbon had Marcus Aurelius in mind as an exemplar of virtue and perfection, Commodus...
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encyclopedia articles on: Marcus Aurelius  - 33 results

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1.
Marcus Aurelius
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
MARCUS AURELIUS (Marcus Aelius Aurelius Antoninus...humanitarian in his conception of it, Marcus Aurelius was concerned with improving living...Stoic basis. The virtuous character of Marcus Aurelius is revealed in his letters to his tutor...
2.
Aurelius, Marcus
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
AURELIUS, MARCUS see Marcus Aurelius . ____________________ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright 2007, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.
3.
Probus
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
PROBUS (Marcus Aurelius Probus)pro b s, d. 282, Roman emperor (276 82), b. Pannonia. He...buildings. His troops mutinied, and he was killed. His successor was Marcus Aurelius Carus . ____________________ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth...
4.
Carinus
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
CARINUS (Marcus Aurelius Carinus)k ri n s, d. 285, Roman emperor (283 85). He was the son of Carus , who left Carinus as ruler in the West when he went...
5.
Maximian
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2007
MAXIMIAN (Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus)maksim e n, d. 310, Roman emperor, with Diocletian (286 305). An able commander, he was made caesar (subemperor...
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