ACETYLCHOLINE

əsētˌəlkōˈlēn, a small organic molecule liberated at nerve endings as a neurotransmitter. It is particularly important in the stimulation of muscle tissue. The transmission of an impulse to the end of the nerve causes it to release neurotransmitter molecules onto the surface of the next cell, stimulating it. After such release, the acetylcholine is quickly broken into acetate and choline, which pass back to the first cell to be recycled into acetylcholine again. The poison curare acts by blocking the transmission of acetylcholine. Some nerve gases operate by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine causing continual stimulation of the receptor cells, which leads to intense spasms of the muscles, including the heart. Acetylcholine is often abbreviated as Ach. See nervous system.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Acetylcholine
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books on: Acetylcholine  - 591 results

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1.
An Outline of General Physiology
Book by L. V. Heilbrunn; W. B. Saunders, 1952
Subjects: Physiology
...of literature on the physiology of acetylcholine To cover this work in something like...relatively simple matter to determine the acetylcholine content of various types of living...muscle. 97 Then he finds out how much acetylcholine is required to produce the same effect...
2.
Fatigue and Impairment in Man
Book by S. Howard Bartley, Eloise Chute; McGraw-Hill, 1947
Subjects: Fatigue, Mental Fatigue, Psychophysiology
activity decrease acetylcholine synthesis by about 40 per cent...decreased local production of an acetylcholine-like substance. Torda and Wolff...cholinergic systems synthesize locally an acetylcholine-like substance. 13 They point...
3.
Comparative Physiology of the Nervous Control of Muscular Contraction
Book by Graham Hoyle; 1957
Subjects: Muscle Contraction, Muscles, Physiology, Comparative
...stimulated electrically, small amounts of acetylcholine are released in the perfusate. They...for the detection of the presence of acetylcholine. This preparation contracts power fully in acetylcholine concentrations as low as 10-9. Eserine...
4.
The War of the Soups and the Sparks: The Discovery of Neurotransmitters and the Dispute over How Nerves Communicate
Book by Elliot S. Valenstein; Columbia University Press, 2005
Subjects: Neural Transmission--History, Neurotransmitters--History
...a substance indistinguishable from acetylcholine by its action has a physiological role...conclusion that the vagus nerve secretes acetylcholine when innervating the heart had started...acceptance. However, evi- dence that acetylcholine is secreted at other sites had not...
5.
The Dreaming Brain
Book by J. Allan Hobson; Basic Books, 1988
Subjects: Dreams, Neuropsychology
Acetylcholine is the substance that is released...movement is effected via the release of acetylcholine. It is also the chemical mediator...of these terminals and release of acetylcholine from the vesicles in the terminals...
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journal articles on: Acetylcholine  - 295 results

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1.
Choline Transport and de Novo Choline Synthesis Support Acetylcholine Biosynthesis in Caenorhabditis Elegans Cholinergic Neurons
Journal article by Gregory P. Mullen, Eleanor A. Mathews, Mai H. Vu, Jerrod W. Hunter; Genetics, Vol. 177, 2007
Subjects: Acetylcholine, Amino acids, Behavior, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Choline, Deoxyribonucleic acid--DNA, Evacuations & rescues, Membrane Transport Proteins, Monoclonal antibodies, Nematodes, Proteins, Studies, choline transporter
...Transport and de Novo Choline Synthesis Support Acetylcholine Biosynthesis in Caenorhabditis Elegans Cholinergic...Eleanor A. Mathews , Mai H. Vu , Jerrod W. Hunter ACETYLCHOLINE (ACh) is a major neurotransmitter in both vertebrate...
2.
Alcohol's Actions on Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Journal article by Tiffany J. Davis, Christopher M. De Fiebre; Alcohol Research & Health, Vol. 29, 2006
Subjects: Alcoholism--Genetic aspects, Natural pesticides--Genetic aspects, Neurons--Genetic aspects, Quaternary ammonium compounds--Genetic aspects
...Alcohols Actions on Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. by Tiffany J. Davis...receptors collectively known as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Alcohol also...dependence; brain; neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; cross-tolerance; alcohol...
3.
Alcohol's Actions on Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Journal article by Tiffany J. Davis, Christopher M. de Fiebre; Alcohol Research and Health, Vol. 29, 2006
Subjects: Ethanol, Neurons, Nicotine, Proteins, Receptors, Nicotinic, Studies, alpha-bungarotoxin receptor
...Alcohols Actions on Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors by Tiffany J. Davis , Christopher...collectively known as neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) because they primarily...chemical (i.e., neurotransmitter) acetylcholine. Even though alcohol has been shown...
4.
Coexpressed D1- and D2-like Dopamine Receptors Antagonistically Modulate Acetylcholine Release in Caenorhabditis Elegans
Journal article by Andrew T. Allen, Kathryn N. Maher, Khursheed A. Wani, Katherine E. Betts, Daniel L. Chase; Genetics, Vol. 188, 2011
Subjects: Genetics, Mutation, Nematodes, Proteins
...Receptors Antagonistically Modulate Acetylcholine Release in Caenorhabditis Elegans by...like receptors oppositely modulates acetylcholine release by acting through Gaq- and...known function of ACE-I is to degrade acetylcholine in the NMJ suggest that the physiological...
5.
Adrenergic, Cholinergic, GABAergic, and Glutaminergic Receptor Function in the CNS
Journal article by Norman L. Keltner, Tamecka Knight, Lee Ann Royals; Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, Vol. 37, 2001
Subjects: Acetylcholine--Receptors, Central nervous system--Physiological aspects, Epinephrine--Receptors, GABA--Receptors, Muscarinic receptors--Physiological aspects, Nervous system, Autonomic--Physiological aspects, Nicotinic receptors--Physiological aspects, Noradrenaline--Physiological aspects, Stress (Physiology)--Research
...nervous system: NE, epinephrine, and acetylcholine (dopamine receptors play a less important...Lehne, 2001). Cholinergic Receptors Acetylcholine (ACh) can be found throughout the...synthesis to ACh (Keltner, 2000). Acetylcholine (cholinergic) receptors have been...
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magazine articles on: Acetylcholine  - 137 results

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1.
Sweet Gatekeeper: Receptor Depends on Sugar and Water
Magazine article by Carolyn Barry; Science News, Vol. 172, July 28, 2007
Subjects: Acetylcholine receptors--Research, Acetylcholine--Receptors, Acetylcholine--Research
...Sugar and Water. by Carolyn Barry Acetylcholine receptors, structures on the membranes...the two molecules. The docking of acetylcholine triggers a change of shape within its...molecules--known to be part of the acetylcholine receptor but previously considered...
2.
Contributing Gene Finally Found
Magazine article; USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education), Vol. 133, February 2005
Subjects: Acetylcholine--Research, Autism--Genetic aspects, Autistic children--Research, Brain--Research, Cerebellum--Research
...discovered that a specific gene contributes to autism and that autistic people have fewer receptors for the brain messenger acetylcholine, as well as more tightly packed columns of neurons in the cerebral cortex. Another study found that autistic children...
3.
Continuing Education: Quelling Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Magazine article by John D. Williamson, Christy N. Wyandt; Drug Topics, Vol. 146, December 16, 2002
Subjects: Digestive system, Disease management, Drug therapy, Health care delivery, United States
...directly linked to acid production: the acetylcholine pathway, the gastrin pathway, and...within the parietal cell. In general, acetylcholine is secreted as a sensory response to...stomach. When any one of these agents-acetylcholine, gastrin, or histamine--binds...
4.
Update and Outlook in Alzheimer's Disease
Magazine article by James E. Mack; Drug Topics, Vol. 140, November 4, 1996
Subjects: Alzheimers disease, Continuing education, Pharmacists, United States
...alter the AD process. Glutamate and acetylcholine are the major CNS excitatory neurotransmitters...regulates control over the release of acetylcholine, causing the cholinergic overstimulation...transferase, the enzyme responsible for acetylcholine synthesis. The decrement in nicotinic...
5.
Quelling Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Magazine article by John S. Williamson, Christy M. Wyandt; Drug Topics, Vol. 146, December 16, 2002
...directly linked to acid production: the acetylcholine pathway, the gastrin pathway, and...within the parietal cell. In general, acetylcholine is secreted as a sensory response to...stomach. When any one of these agents-acetylcholine, gastrin, or histamine-binds to...
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newspaper articles on: Acetylcholine  - 78 results

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1.
Body Talk: Reverse the Brain Drain
Newspaper article; The Mirror (London, England), September 16, 2004
...dopamine, the brains energy giver; acetylcholine, which powers your creative centres...willed, confident and rational. Acetylcholine dominated Creative, open minded and...Decrease serotonin by increasing your acetylcholine, and increase GABA to feel grounded...
2.
The Tall, Thin and Clever Life Plan; as a Scientist Predicts the Human Race Will Divide into a Tall, Brainy Elite and a Short Underclass, Here's Our Guide to Eating Your Way Up the Tree
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), October 24, 2006
...uses to produce the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In a study at Boston University subjects...the drug scopolamine, which blocks acetylcholine receptors in the brain, experienced...remember word pairs. Low levels of acetylcholine are also associated with Alzheimers...
3.
Campaigners Angry at Court Decision to Back Nice's Limit on Alzheimer Drug
Newspaper article; Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales), August 11, 2007
Subjects: Alzheimer's disease--Drug therapy, Anti-Alzheimer's disease agents, Aricept (Medication), Exelon Corp.
...is not enough of a chemical called acetylcholine in the brains of people with Alzheimers disease. Acetylcholine is one of the chemicals that nerve...acetylcholinesterase from breaking down acetylcholine in the brain. Increased concentrations...
4.
Alzheimer's Drug Studied for Strokes: Aricept Stops Destruction of Memory by Restoring Nerve Impulses in Brain
Newspaper article by Amy Fagan; The Washington Times, November 9, 1997
...a drug that builds up the levels of acetylcholine, which acts as a nerve impulse transmitter...both stroke and Alzheimers disease, acetylcholine levels are drastically reduced, Dr...Aricept stops the destruction of acetylcholine and allows levels to rise, he said...
5.
Why a Cobra Can Bite Itself; ANSWER TO CORRESPONDENTS
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), June 11, 2011
Subjects: Poisonous snakes, Venom, Venoms
...death. The target of cobra neurotoxin is the acetylcholine receptor. Acetylcholine is a small molecule that acts as a chemical...propagate nerve impulses. Takacs cloned a cobras acetylcholine receptor and contrasted it to the receptors...
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encyclopedia articles on: Acetylcholine  - 16 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-10 11-16 >>  
 
1.
Acetylcholine
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
ACETYLCHOLINE set lko len, a small organic molecule...stimulating it. After such release, the acetylcholine is quickly broken into acetate and...the first cell to be recycled into acetylcholine again. The poison curare acts by...
2.
Scopolamine
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...henbane , Hyoscyamus niger. Structurally similar to the nerve substance acetylcholine , scopolamine acts by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses by acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system and produces symptoms typical...
3.
Neurotransmitter
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...300 known neurotransmitters, including chemicals such as acetylcholine , norepinephrine , adenosine triphosphate , and the endorphins...brain and from the brain to all the parts of the body. Acetylcholine, for example, sends messages to the skeletal muscles...
4.
Neostigmine
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...action of the enzyme cholinesterase, which destroys the substance acetylcholine at nerve endings. Because neostigmine increases the effective concentration of acetylcholine, it causes such body changes as contraction of the pupils, increased...
5.
Serine
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...combining with a residue of serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Without the esterase activity that usually destroys acetylcholine as soon as it performs its function, dangerously high levels...
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