BALTS

bôlts, peoples of the east coast of the Baltic Sea. They include the Latvians, the Lithuanians, and the now extinct Old Prussians. Their original home was farther east, but from the 6th cent. they were pushed westward by the Slavs. In the 13th cent. the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquered the region later comprising Estonia and Latvia and forced Christianity on the inhabitants. Pressed by the Teutonic Order, the Lithuanians formed (13th cent.) a unified state of Lithuania, which successfully resisted annexation and became one of the largest states of medieval Europe. In 1387, under Grand Duke Jagiello (King Ladislaus II of Poland), Lithuania officially adopted Christianity. The Teutonic Order lost (15th cent.) all but East Prussia, but descendants of the German knights and settlers continued to control land and commerce in Latvia and Estonia until the 20th cent. After the union (1569) of Lithuania with Poland, the Lithuanian nobility became thoroughly Polish in language and politics. The Estonians, a Finnic rather than a Baltic people, came under Swedish rule in 1561 and in 1721 passed to Russia, which by 1795 acquired all the Baltic lands. The incorporation of the Baltic nations of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia into the Soviet Union (1940) became a source of political disputes. All three countries gained independence in 1991. For earliest history to the 13th cent. see Marija Gimbutas, The Balts (1963).

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Balts
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books on: Balts  - 460 results

       More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
The History of the Baltic States
Book by Kevin O'Connor; Greenwood Press, 2003
Subjects: Baltic States--History, Baltic States--History--1991-
...states. Westward flight of thousands of Balts continues through 1945. 1944-48 Forest...demonstration unites up to 2 million Balts in protest against the Nazi-Soviet pact...frequently fought among themselves, native Balts generally have had peaceful relations...
2.
Estonia
Book by J. Hampden Jackson; George Allen & Unwin, 1948
Subjects: Estonia
...it be known in Estonia that unless the Balts left their homes and took ship at once...thirteen thousand out of the sixteen thousand Balts left Estonia, and the history of a great...Yesterday was a day of panic among the Balts. After eight hundred years of prosperous...
3.
Riddle of the Reich
Book by Wythe Williams; Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1941
Subjects: Europe--History--1918-1945, National Socialism, World War, 1939-1945--Germany
4.
National Identity and Ethnicity in Russia and the New States of Eurasia
Book by Roman Szporluk; M. E. Sharpe, 1994
Subjects: Former Soviet Republics--Ethnic Relations, Former Soviet Republics--Politics And Government, Nationalism--Former Soviet Republics
...of several former Soviet republics and several East-Central European nations, is only emerging. For the Ukrainians or the Balts, however, it provides a mental map that is quite different from that of the "near abroad" with a center in Moscow. One of...
5.
The New Eastern Europe
Book by Ralph Butler; Longmans, Green, and Co., 1919
Subjects: Baltic States, Finland, Poland, States, Small, Ukraine
...non-Orthodox races of the Borderland, Finns, Balts, Letts, Esths, Lithuanians, Poles, are...and are in general supporters of the Balts. OVER the history of the past half-century...Russian Empire. All told the German element Balts constituted less than one- fifteenth...
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journal articles on: Balts  - 36 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-36 >>  
 
1.
Ethnicity and Soviet Television News
Journal article by Ellen Mickiewicz, Dawn Plumb Jamison; Journal of Communication, Vol. 41, 1991
Subjects: Communication
...predominantly urban ethnicities as Slavs and Balts. Central Asians, large numbers of whom...Six percent of Slavs and 9 percent of Balts appear in stories about economic problems...interesting pattern. Twenty-one percent of all Balts are shown in stories related to political...
2.
When Baltic Eyes . . . a Look at Some Baltic Holocaust Poems
Journal article by Inta Ezergailis; World Literature Today, Vol. 73, 1999
Subjects: Books--Reviews, Literature, Modern--20th Century--History And Criticism
...Holocaust poems, as the perspective of Balts is complicated by what happened during...doubts and hesitancies surrounding the Balts response to the Holocaust is similar...the geographic and linguistic site of the Balts to ignorant others. "Rumbula," on the other...
3.
The Baltic States after Independence
Journal article by Jack Reardon; Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 35, 2001
Subjects: Books--Reviews, The Baltic States After Independence (Book)--Reviews
...is realized in the west" (p. 53). As the Balts try to rebuild and undo the damage inflicted...between 1920 and 1940. Then, as now, the Balts looked to the West for technology and markets. The Balts prospered, with living standards in Estonia...
4.
After Empire: What?
Journal article by Roman Szporluk; Daedalus, Vol. 123, 1994
Subjects: Communism--Political aspects, Russia--Politics and government, Soviet Union--History, Western Europe--History
...Soviet Union. In a polity that included the Balts and West Ukrainians, it was difficult to...the disruptive or subversive role of the Balts? How much tougher to deal with did the...different types. In one group were the Balts, the West Belorussians, some of the West...
5.
Perceptions of the Self and the Other in Lithuanian Postcolonial Fiction
Journal article by Violeta Kelertas; World Literature Today, Vol. 72, 1998
Subjects: Books--Reviews, Literature, Modern--20th Century--History And Criticism
...definite need to examine in what respects the experience of Balts as Europeans colonized for fifty years differs from the sensibilities...Soviet mentality). Instead of turning away from Europe, the Balts generally turn toward it. Anti-European and especially anti-Western...
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magazine articles on: Balts  - 44 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-44 >>  
 
1.
Three Hotels
Magazine article by Jon Robin Baitz; American Theatre, Vol. 10, September 1993
Subjects: Drama
Three hotels by Jon Robin Baitz About Jon Robin Balts Jon Robin Baitz was born in Los Angeles and now lives in New York City. He i Society (1987), presented at Los Angeles Theatre Center...
2.
Helsinki Illusions
Magazine article; National Review, Vol. 49, April 21, 1997
Subjects: Clinton, Bill--International relations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization--Membership, Russia, Russian foreign relations--United States, United States, United States foreign relations--Russia
...tantrum, threatening the West (including the Central Europeans and Balts) with dire consequences if NATO enlargement should proceed...This means no more bullying of their neighbors --especially the Balts or Ukraine. Theyve been bought off; let them stay bought...
3.
Next Threat to NATO: The Baltics Are Knocking on NATO's Door. Don't Let Them In
Magazine article by Jeffrey Tayler; The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 289, February 2002
Subjects: Baltic States--Political aspects, North Atlantic Treaty Organization
...the Teutonic Order converted most of the Balts to Catholicism, in the thirteenth and fourteenth...soil. In Estonia and Latvia, however, the Balts have taken a policy tack reflecting the...extraterrestrials"); they complain that Balts will not hire them for jobs for which they...
4.
The Next Threat to NATO - the Baltics Are Knocking at NATO's Door. Don't Let Them In
Magazine article by Jeffrey Tayler; The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 289, February 2002
Subjects: Baltic States--Political aspects, International relations--Management, North Atlantic Treaty Organization--Membership
...the Teutonic Order converted most of the Balts to Catholicism, in the thirteenth and fourteenth...soil. In Estonia and Latvia, however, the Balts have taken a policy tack reflecting the...extraterrestrials"); they complain that Balts will not hire them for jobs for which they...
5.
New Europe, New Problems: The Case of the Baltic States
Magazine article by George J. Viksnins; The National Interest, Fall 2003
Subjects: European Union
...years. A large number of North American Balts then returned to serve in the governments...after World War II and did not repatriate Balts to their Soviet homelands after the war...the "special relationship" between the Balts ended once it and the latter achieved NATO...
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newspaper articles on: Balts  - 16 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-16 >>  
 
1.
Know the Nuts & Balts; LIFESTYLE Is a Balti Something Eaten by Drunken Brummies, a Bucket, a Joke or a Metaphor? Journalist Ziauddin Sardar Tells Special Correspondent Jo Ind Why It Is All Four
Newspaper article; The Birmingham Post (England), November 3, 2008
Know the Nuts Balts; LIFESTYLE Is a Balti Something Eaten by Drunken Brummies, a Bucket, a Joke or a Metaphor? Journalist Ziauddin Sardar Tells Special...
2.
Euro Fears over Jobs; AROUND THE WORLD
Newspaper article; The Mirror (London, England), July 25, 2009
...survey revealed yesterday. The Eurobarometer poll also showed Scandinavians were the most optimistic about the future and Balts the gloomiest. Around 61% of people in the EU believed the impact of the crisis on the job market had not yet peaked.
3.
Troubled Baltic Nations Make Gains
Newspaper article by Jabeen Bhatti; The Washington Times, April 16, 2000
Subjects: European Union, Latvia
...leadership on these essential issues." THE BALTS U-TURN Slightly more than a decade ago...These days the worst is over, say the Balts Western friends. Growth rates are high...later. Problems persist, friends of the Balts admit. The Latvians had to sent Mr. Baumanis...
4.
Sienna's Wild Night; Miller Forgets Getty with a Night on the Tiles
Newspaper article; Sunday Mirror (London, England), November 9, 2008
...on Friday night amid reports that her relationship with Balthazar Getty is on the rocks. And it will certainly not ease actor Balts mind to know she spent the evening in the company of three of the most eligible men on the planet - Olivier Martinez, Josh Hartnett...
5.
Sienna's Wild Night; Miller Forgets Getty with a Night on the Tiles
Newspaper article; Sunday Mirror (London, England), November 9, 2008
...Friday night amid reports that her relationship with Balthazar Getty is on the rocks. And it will not certainly not ease actor Balts mind to know she spent the evening in the company of three of the most eligible men on the planet - Olivier Martinez, Josh Hartnett...
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encyclopedia articles on: Balts  - 5 results

 
 
1.
Balts
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
BALTS bolts, peoples of the east coast of the Baltic Sea. They include the Latvians, the Lithuanians, and the now extinct Old...disputes. All three countries gained independence in 1991. For earliest history to the 13th cent. see Marija Gimbutas, The Balts (1963). ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia University Press. Used with the permission of Columbia University...
2.
Boniface, Saint , German Missionary
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...SAINT , German missionary d. 1009, German missionary, known also by his lay name, Bruno of Querfurt. He evangelized the Balts and died a martyr. He is known as the Apostle of the Prussians. Feast: June 19. ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia...
3.
Lithuania
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...is Roman Catholicism and there are Russian Orthodox and Lutheran minorities. The Lithuanians speak a Baltic language (see Balts ), which is the official language; Russian and Polish are also widely spoken. Economy In the 1990s, Lithuania benefited...
4.
Slavs
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...centuries before the Christian era, and the similarities of these Proto-Slavs to the Proto-Balts has led to a theory of a Proto-Baltic Slav period (see Balts ). There was presumably no one Proto-Slavic language, but rather a blending of tribal dialects...
5.
Latvia
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Russian Orthodox Church. After independence (1991), Latvia sought to limit citizenship in order to favor Latvians and other Balts over ethnic Russians and other minorities. In 1998 the laws were eased, granting citizenship to all children born in Latvia...


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