BREST-LITOVSK, TREATY OF

brĕst-lĭtôfskˈ, separate peace treaty in World War I, signed by Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, Mar. 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus). After the separate armistice of Dec. 5, 1917, long, bitter negotiations were conducted by Leon Trotsky for Russia, Richard von Kühlmann for Germany, and Count Ottokar Czernin for Austria-Hungary (the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria were also represented). Trotsky at one point suspended negotiations, but Germany resumed warfare and the Soviets—on the insistence of Lenin—accepted the German ultimatum, which set conditions even harsher than at first. Russia recognized the independence of Ukraine and Georgia; confirmed the independence of Finland; gave up Poland, the Baltic states, and part of what is now Belarus to Germany and Austria-Hungary; and ceded Kars, Ardahan, and Batum to the Ottomans. Later, Germany demanded a large indemnity. The general armistice of Nov. 11, 1918, forced Germany to renounce the treaty, and Russia also declared it null and void. The western frontiers of Russia were later agreed upon by a series of separate treaties.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Brest Litovsk Treaty Of
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books on: Brest Litovsk Treaty Of  - 1008 results

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1.
The Forgotten Peace, Brest-Litovsk, March 1918
Book by John W. Wheeler-Bennett; W. Morrow, 1939
Subjects: Russian S.F.S.R--Treaties, Etc--1918 Mar. 3
...SOVIETS ON THE CANCELLATION OF THE BREST-LITOVSK TREATY 1 SIGNED NOVEMBER 13, 1918 947...of peace with Germany signed at Brest on March 3, 1918, are null and void. The Brest- Litovsk treaty and equally the annexed...
2.
The Economic Policy of Austria-Hungary during the War in Its External Relations
Book by Gustaav Gratz, Richard Schüller, W. Alison Phillips; Yale University Press, 1928
Subjects: Austria--Commercial Policy, Polish Question, Treaties Of Brest-Litovsk--(1918), Treaty Of Bucharest--(1913), World War, 1914-1918--Economic Aspects
German side opportunities were both sought and found of making known to the Poles that the Brest Treaty with the Ukraine was in no way to be ascribed to the intervention of Germany, but that the responsibility for it rested entirely...
3.
Soviet Treaty Series: A Collection of Bilateral Treaties, Agreements and Conventions, Etc., Concluded between the Soviet Union and Foreign Powers - Vol. 1
Book by Leonard Shapiro; Georgetown University Press, 1950
Subjects: Soviet Union--Foreign Relations--Treaties, Treaties--Collections
...lost by the several peace treaties. 1. The Russian Soviet...ligations incurred in the Brest-Litovsk Treaty, all the state loans and...declares invalid and null the Brest-Litovsk Treaty as well as all treaties having any reference to...
4.
The Making of the Reparation and Economic Sections of the Treaty
Book by Bernard M. Baruch; Harper & Brothers, 1920
Subjects: Treaty Of Versailles--(1919), World War, 1914-1918--Economic Aspects, World War, 1914-1918--Reparations
...and reparation pay ments, 35 ; treaties with Germany abrogated, 98...special reparation to, 187 Brest-Litovsk treaty abro gated, 99 n , 184 Brown...reparation pay ments, 36 n ; treaties with Germany abrogated, 98...
5.
A Calendar of Soviet Treaties, 1917-1957
Book by Robert M. Slusser, Jan F. Triska; Stanford University Press, 1959
Subjects: Soviet Union--Foreign Relations--Treaties
...translation pp. 203-10 . 42. Freund, Gerald, Unholy alliance. Russian-German relations from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to the Treaty of Berlin , London, 1957. Covers the first phase of collaboration only; based on a wide range of materials...
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journal articles on: Brest Litovsk Treaty Of  - 27 results

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1.
The Austro-Polish Solution: Diplomacy, Politics, and State Building in Wartime Austria-Hungary 1914-1918
Journal article by Clifford F. Wargelin; East European Quarterly, Vol. 42, 2008
...official representation at Brest-Litovsk. (53) They did not...morning of February 9, the treaty of peace between the...Reichsrat denounced the Brest-Litovsk treaty as the product...the second treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3...
2.
The Lansdowne "Peace Letter" of 1917 and the Prospect of Peace by Negotiation with Germany (1)
Journal article by Douglas Newton; The Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol. 48, 2002
Subjects: Aristocracy--Addresses, essays, lectures, Fitzmaurice, Henry Petty--Addresses, essays, lectures, Germany--History, United Kingdom--Relations with Germany, World War, 1914-1918--Analysis
...repudiation of secret treaties, the Kaisers Easter...mention of the Brest-Litovsk invitations for a general...before the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty -- came in the face...seized control of the Brest-Litovsk treaty-making process...
3.
The Legacies of Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations in Russia
Journal article by Alexander S. Khodnev; World Affairs, Vol. 158, 1995
Subjects: Arbitration, International, International Relations, Peace
...Russian delegation at the Brest-Litovsk talks. 14 The Fourteen Points...Wilsons entire speech to Trotsky at Brest. 15 Why the brief rapprochement...the deputies not to ratify the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty with Germany. Lenin wrote a...
4.
On War as Hell
Journal article by Roger P. Alford; Chicago Journal of International Law, Vol. 3, 2002
Subjects: International, Law, Mental health, Reparations, War
...bilateral investment treaties and judicial decisions...invoke investment treaties, waive sovereign...countries. The Treaty of Versailles required...humanity" of the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty Germany...signing the Peace Treaty.11 Had Japan taken...behind the peace treaties, and victims of...
5.
Shevardnadze's Journey
Journal article by Ariel Cohen; Policy Review, 2004
Subjects: Politics--Analysis, Shevardnadze, Eduard--Portrayals
...known in the Soviet parlance as "the Peace of Brest-Litovsk," after a peace treaty with the Kaisers Germany that Lenin signed in...straitjacket. But, whereas "the Peace of Brest-Litovsk" was a temporary measure, Gorbachevs rapprochement...
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magazine articles on: Brest Litovsk Treaty Of  - 11 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-11 >>  
 
1.
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: March 3rd, 1918
Magazine article; History Today, Vol. 58, March 2008
Subjects: Belarusian history, Bolshevik government, Brest, Belarus--Influence, Russian Revolution, 1917-1921, Treaties
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: March 3rd, 1918. When the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia...effort and the tactic would now pay off. Held in the town of Brest-Litovsk in Poland (now in Belarus), where the German army had its headquarters...
2.
The British Blunder
Magazine article by Patrick J. Buchanan; American Conservative, Vol. 7, June 30, 2008
Subjects: Books, Germany, Hanson, Victor Davis, Historians, Imperialism, Poland, Treaties, United Kingdom, World War II
...Hanson agrees that the Versailles Treaty of 1919 was "flawed," but says...replied Lady Astor. As for the Treaty of Brest-Ldtovsk Germany imposed on Russia...evil empire? Two years after Brest-Litovsk, Churchill urged Britain to revise...
3.
Propaganda and the First Cold War in North Russia, 1918-1919: Antony Lockley Examines the Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War and the Propaganda Battle between the Bolshevik and British Forces on the Archangel Front
Magazine article by Antony Lockley; History Today, Vol. 53, September 2003
Subjects: Russian Civil War, 1918-1921, United Kingdom--Military policy
...formalised on March 3rd, 1918, by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, left up to seventy German divisions...treacherously signed the Brest-Litovsk Treaty. Welcome! Gallant British Soldiers...men heard of the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, they chose to...
4.
The Great Way
Magazine article by Graham Roberts; History Today, Vol. 47, November 1997
Subjects: Motion pictures in propaganda--Criticism, interpretation, etc., Shub, Esfir Il'inichna--Production and direction, Soviet Union--Portrayals, depictions, etc.
...this we are shown the `PEACE (sic) AGREEMENT at Brest-Litovsk. The only film used to illustrate the meeting is...the Imperial eagle falls and a graphic of the Brest-Litovsk treaty (as previously seen) is crossed out. Throughout...
5.
Nepal's Kerensky Interlude
Magazine article by Dominic Cardy; Inroads, Winter 2007
Subjects: Congressional elections, Democracy, Education, Minority & ethnic groups, Mountains, Peace, Political parties, Politics, Resorts & spas
...sort of setback but due to the strength derived from the Peoples War ... Even Lenin was forced to enter into Brest-Litovsk Treaty with Germany at the time of October Revolution. At that time, many in Lenins party said that it was like an...
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newspaper articles on: Brest Litovsk Treaty Of  - 8 results

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1.
Travel: Bela the Ball! FAMILY FUN How Football's Put Belarus on the Map. GREAT ESCAPE CITY BREAK
Newspaper article; The Mirror (London, England), October 11, 2008
...network. Four hours away the city of Brest, near the Polish border, makes a...stop and is a real highlight. The Brest-Litovsk Treaty to end the First World War was signed...MOVING MEMORIAL: Thirst statute at Brest Fortress.
2.
Making a New World; How Allies Came to Draw Peace after WWI
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, December 15, 2002
...June 28, 1919 signed the treaty. Most historians of the Versailles treaty have depicted it as unfair...Allies for a painful peace treaty. The German terms for the...Russia in the 1918 treaty of Brest-Litovsk were so merciless that only...
3.
Surprising Slant on the Great War; Bogged Down: Canadian Soldiers March through the Mud Mud, Blood and Mayhem: Mustard Gas Drifts over Passchendaele as a German Machine Gun Unit Strafes No Man's Land Pictures from Passchendaele 1917: The Story of the Fallen, by Frank Bostyn and Jan Van der Fraeden, Published by Pen and Sword, [Pounds Sterling
Newspaper article; July 16, 2007
Subjects: Soldiers
...footnote about the 1920 Treaty of Sevres, which Stone...One clause of the treaty (never ratified) was...Russo-German Treaty of Brest-Litovsk of 1918 between the Kaiser...Modern Europe is Brest-Litovskwith a human...
4.
Surprising Slant on the Great War; Mud, Blood and Mayhem: Mustard Gas Drifts over Passchendaele as a German Machine Gun Unit Strafes No Man's Land
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), July 16, 2007
...footnote about the 1920 Treaty of Sevres, which Stone...One clause of the treaty (never ratified) was...Russo-German Treaty of Brest-Litovsk of 1918 between the Kaiser...Modern Europe is Brest-Litovskwith a human...
5.
End of the Reichs; ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), August 22, 2011
Subjects: Hitler, Adolf
...Russia, carving out large Eastern territories in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and could hold off France and Britain, but when...and was subsequently destroyed in the Versailles Treaty. Following the First World War, the Weimar Republic...
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encyclopedia articles on: Brest Litovsk Treaty Of  - 14 results

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1.
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty Of
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...LITOVSK, TREATY OF brest-litofsk , separate...Mar. 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest , Belarus). After the...Germany to renounce the treaty, and Russia also declared...a series of separate treaties...
2.
Brest , City, Belarus
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Polish and Lithuanian state. Brest passed to Russia in the third...and three years later signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Soviet Russia there. Held by Poland between the world wars, Brest was regained by the USSR in 1939...
3.
Russian Revolution
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...which had begun late in 1917, resulted in the Russian acceptance (Mar., 1918) of the humiliating Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (see Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of ). Most of the lands ceded to Germany under the treaty were home to non-Russian nationalities...
4.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Russian Revolution and Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of . Many policies...1941, a nonaggression treaty with Japan was signed...conclusion of joint peace treaties with Germany, Austria...Union negotiated a peace treaty with Austria (1955...Assistance and the Warsaw Treaty Organization , or Warsaw...
5.
World War I
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...strength through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Mar., 1918) with Russia...territory W of the Rhine, and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was declared void. The war...War I and the resulting peace treaties (see Versailles, Treaty of...
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