BREST-LITOVSK, TREATY OF

brĕst-lĭtôfskˈ, separate peace treaty in World War I, signed by Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, Mar. 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus). After the separate armistice of Dec. 5, 1917, long, bitter negotiations were conducted by Leon Trotsky for Russia, Richard von Kühlmann for Germany, and Count Ottokar Czernin for Austria-Hungary (the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria were also represented). Trotsky at one point suspended negotiations, but Germany resumed warfare and the Soviets—on the insistence of Lenin—accepted the German ultimatum, which set conditions even harsher than at first. Russia recognized the independence of Ukraine and Georgia; confirmed the independence of Finland; gave up Poland, the Baltic states, and part of what is now Belarus to Germany and Austria-Hungary; and ceded Kars, Ardahan, and Batum to the Ottomans. Later, Germany demanded a large indemnity. The general armistice of Nov. 11, 1918, forced Germany to renounce the treaty, and Russia also declared it null and void. The western frontiers of Russia were later agreed upon by a series of separate treaties.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Brest Litovsk Treaty Of
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books on: Brest Litovsk Treaty Of  - 1354 results

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1.
The Forgotten Peace, Brest-Litovsk, March 1918
Book by John W. Wheeler-Bennett; W. Morrow, 1939
Subjects: Russian S.F.S.R--Treaties, Etc--1918 Mar. 3
...IV. The Russian Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, March 3, 1918 403...IX. Financial Agreement of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty, November 13, 1918...incidents in war and peace. The Treaty of Brest- Litovsk not only signified the apparently...
2.
The Economic Policy of Austria-Hungary during the War in Its External Relations
Book by Gustaav Gratz, Richard Schüller, W. Alison Phillips; Yale University Press, 1928
Subjects: Austria--Commercial Policy, Polish Question, Treaties Of Brest-Litovsk--(1918), Treaty Of Bucharest--(1913), World War, 1914-1918--Economic Aspects
...shared at Brest-Litovsk and those...issued in the Treaty of Versailles...Rumania by the Treaty of Bukharest...that at Brest-Litovsk the Central...grain-bins" of Russia...representatives at Brest-Litovsk -- according...attitude, and, treaty or no treaty...
3.
The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire
Book by Martin Sicker; Praeger, 2001
...ISLAMIC WORLD IN DECLINE From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of...Islamic world in decline : from the Treaty of Karlowitz to the disintegration of...present book, which ends with the Treaty of Lausanne that finalized the disintegration...
4.
A History of France from the Earliest Times to the Treaty of Versailles
Book by William Stearns Davis; Houghton Mifflin, 1919
Subjects: France--History
...make peace on their terms. In 843 came the once famous "Treaty of Verdun" which was practically the end of the Frankish...question was still troubling the peace of Europe. The Treaty of Verdun was, of course, a mere breathing-spell between...
5.
The Making of the Reparation and Economic Sections of the Treaty
Book by Bernard M. Baruch; Harper & Brothers, 1920
Subjects: Treaty Of Versailles--(1919), World War, 1914-1918--Economic Aspects, World War, 1914-1918--Reparations
...tion and economic sections of the Treaty of Peace --clauses vital to the interest...that the atmosphere in which the Treaty of Versailles was made was free from...law, such as the breach of the Treaty of Neutrality in favor of Belgium...
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journal articles on: Brest Litovsk Treaty Of  - 16 results

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1.
The Lansdowne "Peace Letter" of 1917 and the Prospect of Peace by Negotiation with Germany (1)
Journal article by Douglas Newton; The Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol. 48, 2002
Subjects: Aristocracy--Addresses, essays, lectures, Fitzmaurice, Henry Petty--Addresses, essays, lectures, Germany--History, United Kingdom--Relations with Germany, World War, 1914-1918--Analysis
...month before the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty -- came in the face of...Command seized control of the Brest-Litovsk treaty-making process, determined...High Commands domination of the Brest-Litovsk treaty-making, climaxing in the...
2.
The Legacies of Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations in Russia
Journal article by Alexander S. Khodnev; World Affairs, Vol. 158, 1995
Subjects: Arbitration, International, International Relations, Peace
...negotiations in Brest- Litovsk ready to sign a very harsh treaty of peace. It...ratify the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty with Germany...wrote a draft of the resolution...Germany a peace treaty worse than that of Brest-Litovsk. Because of...
3.
The Great War
Journal article by Graham Darby; History Review, 1998
Subjects: Austria--History, Germany--History, World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns
...aims, brought to fruition in the east with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918, made negotiations impractical. Moreover...March Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3). German...
4.
TROTSKY: Angel of Enlightenment or Frustrated Dictator?
Journal article by Michael Lynch; History Review, 1999
Subjects: Communist leadership--History, Soviet Union--History, Trotsky, Leon--Evaluation
...Russias withdrawal from the war in 1918 under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Soon after, he became Commissar for War, responsible...negotiates Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918-20 Commissar for...
5.
An American Railroad Man East of the Urals, 1918-1922
Journal article by Frederick C. Giffin; The Historian, Vol. 60, 1998
Subjects: Railroad construction workers--History, Railroads--Russia, Russian Railway Service Corps--History, Siberia--History
...Railway. Early in March, about 100 corps members, including Johnson, were transported to Harbin following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the separate peace negotiated in March 1918 between Lenins Bolshevik government and the Central Powers. Although...
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magazine articles on: Brest Litovsk Treaty Of  - 13 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-13 >>  
 
1.
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: March 3rd, 1918
Magazine article; History Today, Vol. 58, March 2008
Subjects: Belarusian history, Bolshevik government, Brest, Belarus--Influence, Russian Revolution, 1917-1921, Treaties
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: March 3rd, 1918. When the Bolsheviks...certainly many Russians regarded the treaty as an abominable betrayal of their country. Brest-Litovsk had a role in provoking the civil...
2.
Propaganda and the First Cold War in North Russia, 1918-1919: Antony Lockley Examines the Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War and the Propaganda Battle between the Bolshevik and British Forces on the Archangel Front
Magazine article by Antony Lockley; History Today, Vol. 53, September 2003
Subjects: Russian Civil War, 1918-1921, United Kingdom--Military policy
...March 3rd, 1918, by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, left up to seventy German...the middle of the Great War...treacherously signed the Brest-Litovsk Treaty. Welcome! Gallant British...
3.
The Great Way
Magazine article by Graham Roberts; History Today, Vol. 47, November 1997
Subjects: Motion pictures in propaganda--Criticism, interpretation, etc., Shub, Esfir Il'inichna--Production and direction, Soviet Union--Portrayals, depictions, etc.
...fall of another dynasty and in animation (`specially done for this film) the Imperial eagle falls and a graphic of the Brest-Litovsk treaty (as previously seen) is crossed out. Throughout this section Shub is using two techniques which were her trademark...
4.
Two Cheers for Versailles
Magazine article by Mark Mazower; History Today, Vol. 49, July 1999
Subjects: Armistices--History, Eastern Europe--History, World War, 1914-1918--Peace
...would be unable alone to ensure stability in the region once these two Great Powers reasserted themselves. The Treaty of Brest Litovsk of early 1918 had shown what intentions the Germans of the Kaiserreich harboured in that area; after 1939, Hitlers...
5.
The Russians Shall Not Have Constantinople: Roman Golicz Looks at English Attitudes to Russia during the Eastern Crisis of 1870-78
Magazine article by Roman Golicz; History Today, Vol. 53, September 2003
Subjects: Disraeli, Benjamin--Foreign relations, Russo-Turkish Wars
...to Russia in the event of victory with full co-operation of Russia. 1918: March 3rd, Bolshevik-German peace treaty of Brest-Litovsk requested by Lenin renders 1915 agreement null and void. When the matter is raised with him, Lenin declares that...
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newspaper articles on: Brest Litovsk Treaty Of  - 7 results

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1.
Trigger of History
Newspaper article by Benjamin P. Tyree; The Washington Times, December 31, 1999
Subjects: Einstein, Albert, Germany, Hitler, Adolf
...revolution, was (for a while) sundered of a third of its European base by Germany when the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. By wars end, the Ottoman and Austrian Empires would be broken into several smaller, independent states. Not...
2.
Making a New World; How Allies Came to Draw Peace after WWI
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, December 15, 2002
...warning of what Germany was capable. The terms which the Germans had recently wrenched from Russia in the 1918 treaty of Brest-Litovsk were so merciless that only a collapsing nation desperate for any kind of peace would have agreed to them. The...
3.
Travel: Bela the Ball! FAMILY FUN How Football's Put Belarus on the Map. GREAT ESCAPE CITY BREAK
Newspaper article; The Mirror (London, England), October 11, 2008
...fascinating historical stop and is a real highlight. The Brest-Litovsk Treaty to end the First World War was signed there and it was the scene of the beginning of the Second World War for the USSR. The...
4.
Surprising Slant on the Great War; Mud, Blood and Mayhem: Mustard Gas Drifts over Passchendaele as a German Machine Gun Unit Strafes No Man's Land
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), July 16, 2007
...Stone hasimportant comments to make about the effect the Great War has had on the modernworld. The Russo-German Treaty of Brest-Litovsk of 1918 between the Kaiser and Lenin,he explains, briefly created states that were not to come back into existenceuntil...
5.
Surprising Slant on the Great War; Bogged Down: Canadian Soldiers March through the Mud Mud, Blood and Mayhem: Mustard Gas Drifts over Passchendaele as a German Machine Gun Unit Strafes No Man's Land Pictures from Passchendaele 1917: The Story of the Fallen, by Frank Bostyn and Jan Van der Fraeden, Published by Pen and Sword, [Pounds Sterling]25
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), July 16, 2007
Subjects: Soldiers
...Stone hasimportant comments to make about the effect the Great War has had on the modernworld. The Russo-German Treaty of Brest-Litovsk of 1918 between the Kaiser and Lenin,he explains, briefly created states that were not to come back into existenceuntil...
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encyclopedia articles on: Brest Litovsk Treaty Of  - 14 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-10 11-14 >>  
 
1.
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty Of
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
BREST-LITOVSK, TREATY OF brest-litofsk , separate peace treaty in World War I, signed by...Powers, Mar. 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest , Belarus). After the separate armistice of Dec. 5, 1917, long, bitter...
2.
Brest , City, Belarus
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...in the third partition of Poland (1795). German forces took the city in 1915 and three years later signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Soviet Russia there. Held by Poland between the world wars, Brest was regained by the USSR in 1939, occupied...
3.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...withdrawal from World War I, and the Russian Civil War are covered in the articles Russian Revolution and Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of . Many policies indicative of the entire tenure of the Soviet rule appeared during the formative stage of the...
4.
Russian Revolution
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...which had begun late in 1917, resulted in the Russian acceptance (Mar., 1918) of the humiliating Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (see Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of ). Most of the lands ceded to Germany under the treaty were home to non-Russian nationalities...
5.
KÜhlmann, Richard Von
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...led the delegation that negotiated (Mar., 1918) the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which removed Russia from World War I. In July, 1918...Columbia University Press. Used with the permission of Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
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