CHLORAMPHENICOL

klōrˌămfĕnˈəkŏlˌ, antibiotic effective against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (see Gram's stain). It was originally isolated from a species of Streptomyces bacteria. Chloramphenicol's antibiotic activity results from its interference with protein synthesis in invading microbes. However, it is a very toxic substance, its most serious and potentially lethal effect being depression of red blood cell production in bone marrow; cases of leukemia were also attributed to early use of chloramphenicol. Because of its toxicity, chloramphenicol is rarely prescribed for infections that can be treated by other antibiotics. It is used as an alternative therapy to treat typhoid fever, some forms of meningitis, and rickettsial infections such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus. Chloramphenicol is commonly used in biological research to study protein synthesis. Chloromycetin is a trade name for chloramphenicol.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Chloramphenicol
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books on: Chloramphenicol  - 103 results

       More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Magic Bullets, Lost Horizons: The Rise and Fall of Antibiotics
Book by Sebastian G. B. Amyes; Taylor & Francis, 2001
Subjects: Antibiotics, Antibiotics--History, Antibiotics--Side Effects, Drug Resistance
...typhi . When the side-effects of chloramphenicol were first recognised and less toxic...alternatives were bactericidal whereas chloramphenicol was merely bacteriostatic which...typhoid treatment usually focused on chloramphenicol and the disease became easy to control...
2.
Antibiotics of Actinomycetes - Vol. 3
Book by Selman A. Waksman, Hubert A. Lechevalier; Williams & Wilkins, 1962
Subjects: Actinomycetales, Antibiotics
...The most dramatic effects of chloramphenicol have been reported on protein...Wisseman et al. 1954 found that chloramphenicol, at growthinhibitory concentrations...addition to bacterial cultures, chloramphenicol abruptly inhibits protein...
3.
The Antibiotic Paradox: How Miracle Drugs Are Destroying the Miracle
Book by Stuart B. Levy; Plenum Press, 1992
Subjects: Antibiotics, Drug Resistance In Microorganisms
...against other bacteria. They found that chloramphenicol was also very effective in the treatment...known at the time. The success of chloramphenicol, however, was marred by the discovery...countries decided it was too risky to keep chloramphenicol as a first-line therapy for any...
4.
Methodology in Basic Genetics
Book by Walter J. Burdette; Holden-Day, 1963
Subjects: Genetics--Methodology
...plating procedures and by means of the chloramphenicol-challenge technique that, in the...then the amino acid supplied, that chloramphenicol added at the time the tryptophan is...the starved cells prior to adding chloramphenicol, the culture is fully capable of...
5.
Launching the Antibiotic Era: Personal Accounts of the Discovery and Use of the First Antibiotics
Book by Carol L. Moberg, Zanvil A. Cohn; Rockefeller University Press, 1990
Subjects: Antibiotics--History--Congresses
...gastrointestinal tract suggested that chloramphenicol, as it was called, might become...These pioneering studies established chloramphenicol as the first drug of real value for...recognized, and in this manner, chloramphenicol was ushered in as the first member...
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journal articles on: Chloramphenicol  - 102 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Chloramphenicol in Japan: Let It Bleed
Journal article by John F. Hellegers; Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, Vol. 5, 1973
Subjects: Asia
...sales are legal or not, the amount of chloramphenicol used in Japan is enough, in the words...differences in the ability to tolerate chloramphenicol, it is hazardous to assume that the...cannot be said with assurance that chloramphenicol is killing Japanese at the same rate...
2.
Genetic Evidence for a Regulatory Pathway Controlling Alternative Oxidase Production in Neurospora Crassa
Journal article by Andrea T. Descheneau, Ian A. Cleary, Frank E. Nargang; Genetics, Vol. 169, 2005
Subjects: Chloramphenicol, Cytochromes, Enzymes, Fungi, Genes, Genetics, Genomics, Medical research, Monophenol Monooxygenase, Mutation, Oxidoreductases, Oxygen, Plant Proteins, Protein Synthesis Inhibitors, acetoin-2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol oxidoreductase, alternative oxidase
...mutant that is resistant to chloramphenicol. MATERIALS AND METHODS...grown in the presence of chloramphenicol (2 mg/ml) or antimycin...the concentrations used, chloramphenicol reduces, but does not eliminate...
3.
Genotype-by-environment Interactions Influencing the Emergence of Rpos Mutations in Escherichia Coli Populations
Journal article by Thea King, Shona Seeto, Thomas Ferenci; Genetics, Vol. 172, 2006
Subjects: Antibiotics, Bacteria, Bacterial Proteins, Chloramphenicol, E coli, Environmental conditions, Glucose, Mutation, Sigma Factor, beta-Galactosidase, sigma factor KatF protein, Bacteria
...carbon source. Where specified, chloramphenicol was added to the feed medium at a...exposure to sublethal antibiotic (chloramphenicol) concentrations, modified atmospheres...rpoS mutations decreased with higher chloramphenicol concentration (Figure 1 ). Most...
4.
A Fitness Cost Associated with the Antibiotic Resistance Enzyme Sme-1 SS-lactamase
Journal article by David C. Marciano, Omid Y. Karkouti, Timothy Palzkill; Genetics, Vol. 176, 2007
Subjects: Antibiotics, Bacteria, Carbapenems, DNA Primers, DNA, Bacterial, E coli, Protein Sorting Signals, Proteins, beta-Lactamases, beta-lactamase Sme-1
...10 ml of fresh LB broth containing chloramphenicol and grown again with shaking at 37...LB plates containing 12.5 mg/ml chloramphenicol to obtain isolated colonies. DNA...LB plates containing 12.5 mg/ml chloramphenicol and plates containing both chloramphenicol...
5.
Communication between Parental and Developing Genomes during Tetrahymena Nuclear Differentiation Is Likely Mediated by Homologous Rnas
Journal article by Douglas L. Chalker, Patrick Fuller, Meng-Chao Yao; Genetics, Vol. 169, 2005
Subjects: Chromatin, Deoxyribonucleic acid--DNA, Genomics, RNA, Protozoan, RNA, Small Nuclear, Ribonucleic acid--RNA
...described (CHALKER and YAO 1996). Chloramphenicol-resistant (cm-r) strains arising...1X SPP medium containing 200 g/ml chloramphenicol for 4-5 days at 30 . After the second...into medium containing 250 g/ml chloramphenicol, and four subclones were subsequently...
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magazine articles on: Chloramphenicol  - 51 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Veterinary Chloramphenicol
Magazine article; FDA Consumer, Vol. 19, September 1985
Subjects: Chloromycetin--Laws, regulations, etc., Livestock industry--Laws, regulations and rules, Veterinary drugs--Laws, regulations and rules
Veterinary Chloramphenicol. Following repeated efforts to halt the use of the potent antibiotic chloramphenicol in food animals, FDA has announced...misused on a farm. The misuse of chloramphenicol oral solution in food animals is...
2.
FDA Steps Up Seafood Sampling
Magazine article; FDA Consumer, Vol. 36, September 2002
Subjects: Chloramphenicol, Shellfish (Food product), Shellfish--Testing, United States. Food and Drug Administration
...for the presence of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. The agency is taking this action...some states and other countries. Chloramphenicol is a potent, broad-spectrum antibiotic...a safe level of human exposure to chloramphenicol "The FDA is concerned about any detection...
3.
Two Veterinarians Guilty in Antibiotic Case
Magazine article by Marian Segal; FDA Consumer, Vol. 23, November 1989
Subjects: Animal nutrition--Investigations, Antibiotics in animal nutrition--Investigations, Chloromycetin--Marketing, Jacobs, Wesley A.--Cases, Takhar, Santokh Singh--Cases, Veterinarians--Cases, Veterinary antibiotics--Investigations
...counts of misbranding and selling chloramphenicol to dairy farmers in California. The...use in food-producing animals. Chloramphenicol is approved for treating bacterial...animals that have been treated with chloramphenicol. Disease development is not related...
4.
Animal Health and Consumer Protection
Magazine article by Linda Bren; FDA Consumer, Vol. 40, January 2006
Subjects: Animal Drug User Fee Act, Animal health--Care and treatment, Animal health--Laws, regulations and rules, Pharmaceutical laws--Interpretation and construction, United States. Center for Veterinary Medicine--Laws, regulations and rules
...such as with the antibiotic chloramphenicol, the CVM has withdrawn approval to protect public health. Chloramphenicol was a best seller in the United...fatal. The CVM had approved chloramphenicol to treat infections in dogs and...
5.
Microbial Resistance: the Plague of Tomorrow
Magazine article by John S. Williamson, Christy M. Wyandt; Drug Topics, Vol. 145, May 21, 2001
Subjects: Antibiotics, Continuing education, Drug resistance, Pharmacists, United States
...aminoglycosides, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin...cases of typhoid fever exhibited a chloramphenicol resistance, necessitating treatment...of a drag. The Beta-lactams and chloramphenicol are both well known for their ability...
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newspaper articles on: Chloramphenicol  - 16 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-16 >>  
 
1.
Cheaper, More Effective Drugs
Newspaper article; Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales), April 3, 2006
...and my doctor prescribed me with chloramphenicol eye drops. What is the condition...Pharmacists can now sell antibiotic chloramphenicol eye drops to people aged two or over...completing the course is important and chloramphenicol eye drops should be used for five...
2.
Is Your Prawn Cocktail Toxic?
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), October 4, 2008
...fish-farming industry nitrofuran, chloramphenicol and organophosphate pesticides. This...exporters in India because they contained chloramphenicol and nitrofurans two once-common...conducts its own tests on imports, chloramphenicol was found in 9 per cent of all foreign...
3.
Danger Chinese Beef Goes Up in Flames after Raid
Newspaper article; Evening Chronicle (Newcastle, England), May 16, 2007
Subjects: Beef, Diet, Food distributors
...Products sneaked in from China often contain residues of chloramphenicol, which is a chemical used in drops to treat conjunctivitis...alert to the possibility of harmful residues including chloramphenicol in such products. "Although in this case the product...
4.
IS YOUR CHEMIST PUTTING YOUR LIFE AT RISK? Pharmacists Are Selling More and More Drugs over the Counter to Patients Who Haven't Consulted Their Doctor, Posing the Question ..
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), April 13, 2010
Subjects: Advertising campaigns, Cancer treatment, Cancer--Care and treatment, Nonprescription drugs, Pharmacists
...CuranilR) -- nail lacquer for fungal nail infections. Side-effects include burning, redness and itchiness. Chloramphenicol (BrochlorR) -- antibiotic eye drops/ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis. Itchiness and soreness in the eye...
5.
IS YOUR CHEMIST PUTTING YOUR LIFE AT RISK? Pharmacists Are Selling More and More Drugs over the Counter to Patients Who Haven't Consulted Their Doctor, Posing the Question ..
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), April 13, 2010
Subjects: Advertising campaigns, Cancer treatment, Cancer--Care and treatment, Nonprescription drugs, Pharmacists
...CuranilR) -- nail lacquer for fungal nail infections. Side-effects include burning, redness and itchiness. Chloramphenicol (BrochlorR) -- antibiotic eye drops/ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis. Itchiness and soreness in the eye...
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encyclopedia articles on: Chloramphenicol  - 8 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-8 >>  
 
1.
Chloramphenicol
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
CHLORAMPHENICOL klor amfen kol , antibiotic effective against a wide...cases of leukemia were also attributed to early use of chloramphenicol. Because of its toxicity, chloramphenicol is rarely prescribed for infections that can be treated...
2.
Rickettsia
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...damage. All rickettsial diseases respond to treatment with antibiotics such as doxycycline (a tetracycline ) and chloramphenicol . ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia University Press. Used with the permission of...
3.
Protein
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...new proteins (see nutrition ). The mechanism of action of many widely used antibiotics, such as streptomycin , chloramphenicol , and tetracycline , can be understood in terms of their ability to interfere with some stage of protein synthesis...
4.
Salmonellosis
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...choleraesuis, S. typhimurium, or S. heidelberg in the blood. All three diseases are treated with the antibiotic chloramphenicol . The most common form of salmonellosis is food poisoning caused by S. typhimurium and other Salmonella species...
5.
Typhus
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...high fever and an early onset of rash and headache. They respond to antibiotic treatment with tetracycline and chloramphenicol and can be prevented by vaccination. Epidemic typhus, the most serious in the group, is caused by Rickettsia...
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