CRETINISM

krēˈtənĭzˌəm, condition produced in infants and children due to lack of thyroid hormone. It usually results from a congenital defect (e.g., absence of the thyroid, presence of only a rudimentary gland, inability of the gland to produce thyroxine). However, it can develop later if there is a lack of iodine in the diet, or if the thyroid is diseased or surgically removed. Cretinism causes very serious retardation of physical and mental development; if the condition is left untreated, growth is stunted and the physical stature attained is that of a dwarf. In addition, the skin is thick, flabby, and waxy in color, the nose is flattened, the abdomen protrudes, and there is a general slowness of movement and speech. If discovered early enough and treated with thyroid extract and sufficient iodine intake throughout life, growth may become normal and mental facility greatly improved. If the condition commences after adulthood is reached it is called myxedema.

____________________

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

-12200-

Top...
Search the Library
Books
Journals
Magazines
Newspapers
Encyclopedia
Advanced Search
About Questia
Questia is the world's largest online academic library offering full-text books, journals, and articles on thousands of topics.

Join Now...
Questia Books and Articles on: Cretinism
We found: 507 results
By media type:
 

Books:

 

431  

 

Journal articles:

 

39  

 

Magazine articles:

 

25  

 

Newspaper articles:

 

6  

 

Encyclopedia articles:

 

6  
 

books on: Cretinism  - 431 results

       More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Exceptional Children
Book by Florence L. Goodenough, Lois M. Rynkiewicz; Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1956
Subjects: Child Psychology
a condition known as cretinism results. Cretinism may be divided into two classes. The first, endemic cretinism , is caused by the lack of certain essential nutritional elements, particularly iodine, in the food and drinking water. 2 Once...
2.
Intelligence and Its Deviations
Book by Mandel Sherman, Albert T. Poffenberger; The Ronald Press Co., 1945
Subjects: Intellect
...CRETINISM The frequency of cretinism has not been accurately established...cases of sporadic spontaneous cretinism the thyroid tissue is entirely...degree from the spontaneous cretinisms. Symptoms of Cretinism The symptoms of cretinism usually...
3.
The Raising of Intelligence: A Selected History of Attempts to Raise Retarded Intelligence
Book by Herman H. Spitz, Edward R. Johnstone; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1986
Subjects: Intellect--History, Mentally Handicapped--Education, Mentally Handicapped--Intellectual Levels, Nature And Nurture
...the suffering of individuals who had cretinism, a term sometimes used indiscriminately...retardation in Switzerland, where true cretinism was relatively common. Guggenbuhl...that so much had been written describing cretinism and so little on its cure, Guggenbuhl...
4.
Environmental Effects on Cognitive Abilities
Book by Robert J. Sternberg, Elena L. Grigorenko; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2001
Subjects: Environmental Psychology, Nature And Nurture
...responsible for 5.7 million cases of cretinism and another 43 million cases of lesser...deficiency and includes goiter, endemic cretinism, neuromotor delays, and increased pre...mortality (Hetzel, 1983). Endemic cretinism is the most serious form of IDD and results...
5.
Eidetic Imagery and Typological Methods of Investigation: Their Importance for the Psychology of Childhood, the Theory of Education, General Psychology, and the Psychophysiology of Human Personality
Book by E. R. Jaensch, Oscar Oeser; Harcourt Brace and Company, 1930
Subjects: After-Images, Vision
...accompanied by a general distribution of cretinism as in Switzerland. But it has been shown that, although pure cases of cretinism are not very frequent in the German...capillary arrest in common with cretinism and together with it belong to the...
More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>

Top...
 

journal articles on: Cretinism  - 39 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-39 >>  
 
1.
Goitre, Cretinism and Iodine in South Asia: Historical Perspectives on a Continuing Scourge
Journal article by M. Miles; Medical History, Vol. 42, 1998
Subjects: Iodine
Goitre, Cretinism and Iodine in South Asia: Historical...Robert McCarrisons work on goitre, cretinism and the thyroid, begun in the western...start of serious studies of goitre and cretinism in South Asia, in fact the use of iodine...
2.
The Iodine Factor in Health and Evolution
Journal article by Jerome E. Dobson; The Geographical Review, Vol. 88, 1998
Subjects: Cretinism--Analysis, Health--Research, Iodine deficiency diseases--Analysis, Iodine--Health aspects, Medical geography--Analysis, Neanderthals--Health aspects
...terminology, a cretin,(1) afflicted by cretinism - the appalling condition that gave our...mental capacity, and millions suffer from cretinism. Although the physiological roots of...element typically suffer from goiter and cretinism. Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid...
3.
Commentary: Neandertals and the Thyroid Gland; the Selenium Connection
Journal article by Harold D. Foster; The Geographical Review, Vol. 92, 2002
Subjects: Neanderthals--Physiological aspects, Thyroid diseases
...those of modern humans who suffer from cretinism." He further proposes that "this new...to suggest that three basic types of cretinism exist, each caused by a unique hormonal...Foster 1995). The first, neurological cretinism, appears to reflect the impacts of severe...
4.
International Iodine Deficiency
Journal article by L. Preston Mercer; Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table, 2006
Subjects: Iodine (Nutrient)--Health aspects, Iodine deficiency diseases--Demographic aspects, Iodine deficiency diseases--Development and progression, Iodine deficiency diseases--Diet therapy, Iodine deficiency diseases--Prevention, Iodine in the body--Health aspects
...include endemic goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, decreased fertility rate, increased...known to have goiter and 11.2 million cretinism. Universal salt iodization provides...brain development (Davis, 1991). Cretinism, in which many of these abnormalities...
5.
Comment in Reply: An Interdisciplinary Discourse on the Role of Iodine in Human Evolution
Journal article by Jerome E. Dobson; The Geographical Review, Vol. 92, 2002
Subjects: American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Human evolution--Research, Iodine--Physiological aspects
...modern humans suffering from endemic cretinism. That does not necessarily mean that...Neandertals were suffering pathologically from cretinism. I took great pains to clarify that...humans suffering pathologically from cretinism. Even in the accompanying commentaries...
More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-39 >>

Top...
 

magazine articles on: Cretinism  - 25 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-25 >>  
 
1.
Many Treatments Available: Thyroid Disorders Often Unsuspected
Magazine article by Evelyn Zamula; FDA Consumer, Vol. 26, December 1992
Subjects: Hyperthyroidism--Care and treatment, Hypothyroidism--Care and treatment
...in every 200 Swiss in these areas had cretinism, a condition characterized by dwarfism...mental retardation. As early as 1850, cretinism was ascribed to severe iodine deficiency...sufficient thyroid hormone. Because cretinism in babies is irreversible if not treated...
2.
Barber's Six Words That Have a Connection to 'church'
Magazine article by Julia Armstrong; Anglican Journal, Vol. 134, September 2008
Subjects: Barber, Katherine, English language, Etymology, St Thomas Ontario Canada, Writers
...story behind cretin is actually quite touching. Now, the cretinism were talking about here is a specific type of mental retardation...fish from the sea, which was the only source of iodine. So cretinism was quite common in the Swiss and French Alps. In the French...
3.
Please Pass the Iodine!
Magazine article by Woods Hutchinson; The Saturday Evening Post, Vol. 269, July 1997
Subjects: Diet, Dietary supplements, Nutrition, Trace elements
...parents may result in birth goiter of the child, known as cretinism, in which case the unfortunate infant grows into a stunted...dwarf and remains so all the rest of his life. A similar cretinism is the cause of a high death rate among lambs, calves, colts...
4.
Loyalty Card: Even the Most-Travelled, Open-Minded Russians Are Singing Putin's Tune, Writes Artemy Troitsky, the Country's Best-Known Cultural Journalist
Magazine article by Artemy Troitsky; New Statesman, Vol. 136, December 3, 2007
Subjects: Presidents (Government)--Influence, Presidents (Government)--Public opinion, Presidents--Influence, Presidents--Public opinion, Putin, Vladimir--Influence, Putin, Vladimir--Public opinion
...McClaren is, undoubtedly, one George W Bush, who puts the Russian leaders mediocracy into the shade with his own flamboyant cretinism. One need only look at the war in Iraq, which triggered the past few years huge rises in global oil and gas prices. The...
5.
Liberal Hawk Down
Magazine article by Anatol Lieven; The Nation, Vol. 279, October 25, 2004
Subjects: Books--Book reviews, Progressive Internationalism: A Democratic National Security Strategy (Book)--Book reviews, The Fight Is For Democracy: Winning the War of Ideas in America and the World (Book)--Book reviews
...alienated both Turkey and Saudi Arabia--this almost defies description. It is a kind of baroque apotheosis of geo-political cretinism. The Bush Administration has sought to develop a political strategy--or at least the appearance of one--to accompany...
More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-25 >>

Top...
 

newspaper articles on: Cretinism  - 6 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-6 >>  
 
1.
A Podium for Losers; Souless Sister: While the Hilton's Top-Floor Restaurant Is to Die for, with Sky-High Prices to Match, the New Ground Floor Eaterie, Podium, Fails to Ignite the Senses
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), January 2, 2008
Subjects: Restaurants
...Spences 33- storeyHyde Park Barracks, erected in 1970, outdoes it as an affront to the eye, inmuch the same vein of concrete cretinism. It feels like being a collaborator in crimes against the skyline to come to theHilton hoping for a good time. But needs...
2.
Cup's Golden Return Is Left Tarnished by Ailing Gazza
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), January 10, 2005
...few THE mutation of cricket into a slightly more effete sub-branch of football gathers pace. As if the endless terrace cretinism of the Barmy Army wasnt enough, coverage of the game is showing signs of the genuinely insane mood swings that attend football...
3.
Let Us Not Surrender Basics of Democracy
Newspaper article; The Birmingham Post (England), November 24, 1998
...his comment - "This is political correctness taken to cretinous levels." My own sister-in-law was born suffering from cretinism 60 years ago. She has been severely handicapped and only through the great patience and love of those who care for her has...
4.
THE DEATH OF DECENT HUMOUR; What Ronnie Tells Us about the Dire State of Modern British Comedy
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), October 6, 2005
...and our playgrounds. Will they think that we were a supine generation who couldnt resist when attacked by a virus of yob cretinism? You can see why they would. And what about us? Do we recognise ourselves in the comedy desert of Nighty Night? Does Graham...
5.
'El Presidente' at Home in His 'Republic'
Newspaper article; Coffs Coast Advocate (Coffs Harbour, Australia), April 16, 2010
...Science Centre; the building of an airstrip in Antarctica and research projects there; and a project in Tibet to overcome cretinism - an iodine deficiency causing mental retardation. The program helped change attitudes towards the disease. "We changed...
More newspaper Results: 1-6 >>

Top...
 

encyclopedia articles on: Cretinism  - 6 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-6 >>  
 
1.
Cretinism
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
CRETINISM kre t niz m, condition produced in infants and children due to lack of...iodine in the diet, or if the thyroid is diseased or surgically removed. Cretinism causes very serious retardation of physical and mental development; if...
2.
Dwarfism
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...completely normal except for size, is commonly called a midget. Cretinism is a type of dwarfism accompanied by mental retardation and...resulting from an insufficiency of thyroid hormone. Unlike cretinism and pituitary dwarfism (which are thought to be caused by...
3.
Thyroxine
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...prepared thyroxine is used clinically in the treatment of thyroid gland deficiency diseases in adults and in the treatment of cretinism in children. ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia University Press. Used with the permission...
4.
Thyroid Gland
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...by the use of iodized salt. Hypothyroidism that results from glandular malfunction is known as myxedema in the adult and cretinism in infancy and childhood. Treatment is by administration of thyroxine. Excessive secretion of thyroxine, or hyperthyroidism...
5.
Myxedema
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...m , condition associated with severe hypothyroidism and lack of thyroid hormone in the adult. In the child it is known as cretinism . Symptoms include a dry swelling of the skin, slowed speech and mental awareness, deepened voice, intolerance to cold...
More encyclopedia Results: 1-6 >>

Top...
 About Questia   ::   Privacy   ::   Contact