CRYOLITE

or kryoliteboth: krīˈəlītˌ [Gr.,=frost stone], mineral usually pure white or colorless but sometimes tinted in shades of pink, brown, or even black and having a luster like that of wax. Chemically, it is a double fluoride of sodium and aluminum, Na3AlF6. Its principal use is as a flux in the smelting of aluminum. It is used also as a source of soda, aluminum salts, fluorides, and hydrofluoric acid (by the action of sulfuric acid). It was discovered in Greenland in 1794 and occurs almost nowhere else. Cryolite has been produced synthetically.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Cryolite
We found: 124 results
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books on: Cryolite  - 112 results

       More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Military Relations between the United States and Canada, 1939-1945
Book by Stanley W. Dziuban; Office of the Chief of Military History, Dept. of the Army, 1959
Subjects: Canada--Relations (Military) With The United States, United States--Relations (Military) With Canada, World War, 1939-1945--Canada
2.
Economic Geography of Industrial Materials
Book by Albert S. Carlson; Reinhold Pub. Corp., 1956
Subjects: Raw Materials
3.
A Merchant Prince of the Nineteenth Century, William E. Dodge
Book by William E. Dodge, Richard Lowitt; Columbia University Press, 1954
4.
Creating the Twentieth Century: Technical Innovations of 1867-1914 and Their Lasting Impact
Book by Vaclav Smil; Oxford University Press, 2005
Subjects: Technological Innovations--History--19th Century, Technological Innovations--History--20th Century
5.
Building a Business through Good Times and Bad: Lessons from 15 Companies, Each with a Century of Dividends
Book by Louis Grossman, Marianne M. Jennings; Quorum Books, 2002
Subjects: Business Cycles--United States--History--20th Century, Corporations--United States--Case Studies, Stocks--United States--History--20th Century, Success In Business--United States--Case Studies
...continuing struggle to find and purchase the cryolite needed for processing. The largest cryolite deposit in the world was in Ivigut, Greenland...desire of the Danish government to sell more cryolite. Before the Civil War ended, Pemberton became...
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journal articles on: Cryolite  - 1 result

 
 
1.
Occupational Asthma with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in a Diamond Polisher
Journal article by Elizabeth Wilk-Rivard, Jaime Szeinuk; Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 109, 2001
...teflon, calcium oxide, graphite, nickel, copper, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, silver, chromium, magnesium oxide, tin, glass, cryolite, silica, iron, tungsten, tungsten carbide, phosphorus, and cobalt. Physical examination. An initial physical examination...


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magazine articles on: Cryolite  - 4 results

 
 
1.
A Thoroughly Modern Metal
Magazine article by Steve Voynick; World and I, Vol. 16, December 2001
Subjects: Aluminum--History
...Martin Hall in the United States and Paul L.T. Heroult in France simultaneously and independently dissolved alumina in fused cryolite--the mineral form of aluminum fluoride that melts at just 1,000_F.--and electrolytically decomposed the solution to yield aluminum...
2.
The Keystone Kommandos - Just Months after Pearl Harbor the Third Reich Secretly Sent Two Small Teams of Would-Be Saboteurs to the United States. Their Mission: Cripple U.S. Industry. but Things Went Badly Wrong. What Happened Is a Story of Confusion, Low Comedy, and Betrayal- and the Creation of a Precedent for the Military Tribunals Being Proposed by the Bush Administration Today
Magazine article by Gary Cohen; The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 289, February 2002
Subjects: Commando troops, Dasch, George John--Behavior, German history, Germany--History, National security--History, Sabotage--History, Special operations (Military science), United States--History, World War II, 1939-1945
...Illinois. To disrupt the supply of important raw materials for aluminum production, they targeted the Philadelphia Salt Companys cryolite plant. They developed plans to sabotage certain U.S. waterways-focusing particularly on the Ohio River locks between Cincinnati...
3.
Keystone Kommandos: Just Months after Pearl Harbor the Third Reich Secretly Sent Two Small Teams of Would-Be Saboteurs to the United States ..
Magazine article by Gary Cohen; The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 289, February 2002
Subjects: German history, United States history, United States--Military policy, World War II, 1939-1945
...Illinois. To disrupt the supply of important raw materials for aluminum production, they targeted the Philadelphia Salt Companys cryolite plant. They developed plans to sabotage certain U.S. waterways--focusing particularly on the Ohio River locks between Cincinnati...
4.
Aluminum Cans
Magazine article; World Watch, Vol. 19, May-June 2006
Subjects: Aluminum cans--Company sales and earnings, Aluminum cans--Product introduction, Aluminum industry--Product introduction, Reynolds Aluminium France--Product introduction
...Guinea, and Jamaica), then refined into alumina, producing several tons of caustic red mud waste. The alumina is dissolved in cryolite and zapped with an electric current to produce molten aluminum. This is poured into ingots, then rolled into thin sheets used...


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encyclopedia articles on: Cryolite  - 7 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-7 >>  
 
1.
Cryolite
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
CRYOLITE or kryolite both: kri lit Gr.,=frost stone, mineral usually pure white or colorless but sometimes tinted in shades...hydrofluoric acid (by the action of sulfuric acid). It was discovered in Greenland in 1794 and occurs almost nowhere else. Cryolite has been produced synthetically. ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia University Press. Used with the permission...
2.
Ivittuut
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...SW Greenland, on the Arsuk Fjord. The worlds largest known cryolite deposit was discovered there in 1806. Mined since 1864, the deposit has been recently exhausted; stockpiled cryolite has been exported since 1969. The town is now deserted...
3.
Kryolite
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
KRYOLITE see cryolite . ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia University Press. Used with the permission of Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
4.
Fluorine
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...fluorspar (calcium fluoride), is the chief commercial source. Cryolite and apatite are other important natural compounds. The...its compounds. Fluorite is used as a flux in refining iron; cryolite serves as the electrolyte in the production of aluminum. Compounds...
5.
Aluminum
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...bauxite , mica, feldspar, alum, cryolite , and the several forms of aluminum oxide...prepared from bauxite and dissolved in fused cryolite. In an electric furnace an iron tank...current generates enough heat to keep the cryolite melted. Molten aluminum collects at the...
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