DEFENSE MECHANISM

in psychoanalysis, any of a variety of unconscious personality reactions which the ego uses to protect the conscious mind from threatening feelings and perceptions. Sigmund Freud first used defense as a psychoanalytic term (1894), but he did not break the notion into categories, viewing it as a singular phenomenon of repression. His daughter, Anna Freud, expanded on his theories in the 1930s, distinguishing some of the major defense mechanisms recognized today. Primary defense mechanisms include repression and denial, which serve to prevent unacceptable ideas or impulses from entering the conscience. Secondary defense mechanisms—generally appearing as an outgrowth of the primary defense mechanisms—include projection, reaction formation, displacement, sublimation, and isolation.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Defense Mechanism
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books on: Defense Mechanism  - 5768 results

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1.
101 Defenses: How the Mind Shields Itself
Book by Jerome S. Blackman; Routledge, 2004
Subjects: Defense Mechanisms (Psychology), Diagnosis, Differential, Mental Illness
...Although this is a prominent mechanism in psychotic adults, it is...mediums, and believe, as a defense against grief, that the crystal...person who has a life." This mechanism is common in psychosis and...The vicissitudes of this defense-seeing the enemy as inhuman...
2.
Changing Character: Short-Term Anxiety-Regulating Psychotherapy for Restructuring Defenses, Affects, and Attachment
Book by Leigh McCullough Vaillant; Basic Books, 1997
Subjects: Brief Psychotherapy, Defense Mechanisms (Psychology), Personality Disorders--Treatment, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
...exceedingly liberal use of the term defense, this procedure helps the...the specific intrapsychic mechanisms defined by Anna Freud 1936...behaviors that these mental mechanisms give rise to . 11 In that...of an attempt to use the defense mechanism of repression. But in a...
3.
War and Self-Defense
Book by David Rodin; Clarendon Press, 2002
Subjects: Self-Defense (International Law), War (International Law)
...thirdly, acts of national-defense by victim states and third...In practice, however, the mechanism legally enacted by the United...breakdown of the UN enforcement mechanisms which explains the singular...the concept of national-defense to current thought on international...international relations. National-defense is currently the sole casus...
4.
Ballistic Missile Defense in the Post-Cold War Era
Book by David B. H. Denoon; Westview Press, 1995
Subjects: Antimissile Missiles--United States, Ballistic Missile Defenses--United States, World Politics--1989-
...modified. 65 Many academic defense specialists have also been...of the value of increased defense spending, and many had a...technologies made effective defenses possible. 67...63 For an overview of defense decision problems in the 1960s...M. Bailey, "The Market Mechanism in the Defense Department...
5.
The Imaginary War: Civil Defense and American Cold War Culture
Book by Guy Oakes; Oxford University Press, 1994
Subjects: Civil Defense--United States--History--20th Century, Cold War, Deterrence (Strategy)--History--20th Century, Nuclear Warfare--History--20th Century, United States--Military Policy
...On the contrary, the human mechanism of civil defense operates as if these sources...has disappeared. Since civil defense instructions do not require interpretation...follows that the Portland civil defense plan is virtually godlike in...
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journal articles on: Defense Mechanism  - 8025 results

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1.
Mechanisms of Defense: Nepenthe Theory and Psychiatric Symptomatology
Journal article by Daudi Ajani Ya Azibo; Negro Educational Review, Vol. 58, 2007
Subjects: Black college students, Black students, Defense mechanisms, Hierarchies, Investigations, Psychology, Race, Social structure, Student behavior, Studies, Theory, Whites
...theorization on defense mechanisms as related to...of defense mechanism functioning...surprising if defense mechanism usage...In sum, defense mechanisms serve in an...emphasis on defenses considered maladaptive...brought on by defenses is axiomatic...reliance on defense mechanism usage (per...matter of defense mechanisms, to wit, the...
2.
Personality Disorders: a Dimensional Defense Mechanism Approach
Journal article by Brad Bowins; American Journal of Psychotherapy, Vol. 64, 2010
Subjects: Defense mechanisms, Fashion models, Personality disorders
...value of the defense mechanism and the age when...inadequate defense mechanism when applied in...appropriate, yet immature defense mechanisms to such an extent that these defenses come to characterize...impact on defense mechanisms in that it impairs...overuse of immature defenses, and inadequate cessation of the defense/s when the threat...helm of the defense mechanism regulatory apparatus...
3.
Sex Roles as Factors in Defense Mechanisms and Object Relations
Journal article by Samuel Juni, Donald W. Grimm; Journal of Genetic Psychology, Vol. 155, 1994
Subjects: Defense Mechanisms (Psychology)--Sex Differences
...the manual show this defense to be more prevalent...suggests that these two defenses cannot be taken as wholly...may not qualify as a defense and that it represents...a bona fide defense mechanism, the role-related...aggression-related defense . Reversal of Affect...Thus, the measures of defenses and object relations...
4.
White Racial Identity Attitudes and the Ego Defense Mechanisms Used by White Counselor Trainees in Racially Provocative Counseling Situations
Journal article by Shawn O. Utsey, Carol A. Gernat; Journal of Counseling and Development, Vol. 80, 2002
Subjects: Caucasian race--Psychological aspects, Caucasian race--Social aspects, Counselors--Practice, Counselors--Social aspects, Counselors--Training, Ethnicity--Psychological aspects, Ethnicity--Social aspects, Psychologists--Practice
...different defense mechanism category. Each item...groups of defense mechanisms proposed by Gleser...These defense mechanism clusters are as follows...Object (TAO). This defense is characterized...TAO includes such defenses as displacement...state the obvious, defense mechanisms are embedded in the...development. Although defenses may impede successful...
5.
Gender Differences in Self-reported Defense Mechanisms: a Study Using the New Defense Style Questionnaire-60
Journal article by Jonathan Petraglia, Kylie Louise Thygesen, Serge Lecours, Martin Drapeau; American Journal of Psychotherapy, Vol. 63, 2009
...the study of defense mechanisms. In recent years...the study of defense mechanisms in personality assessment...traditionally been found in defense mechanism research over the...higher on internalizing defenses (e.g. denial and...conceptually an externalizing defense, more often than...on specific defense mechanisms found that men tend...
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magazine articles on: Defense Mechanism  - 2318 results

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1.
Unmanned Aircraft Attract New Interest from Pentagon
Magazine article by Harold Kennedy; National Defense, Vol. 86, October 2001
Subjects: Defense, Military aircraft, R&D, Research & development
...Jr., undersecretary of defense for acquisition, technology and logistics. One mechanism that has proven successful...See related story). The Defense Department, meanwhile...Langness, told National Defense. "You just tell it where...
2.
Lee H. Hamilton Lecture
Magazine article by Leon E. Panetta; U.S. Department of Defense Speeches, October 11, 2011
Subjects: Hamilton, Lee H.--Speeches, lectures and essays, Intervention (International law)--Speeches, lectures and essays, Military intervention--Speeches, lectures and essays, Military readiness--Speeches, lectures and essays, Panetta, Leon--Speeches, lectures and essays, Secretaries of defense--Speeches, lectures and essays
...much responsibility for the defense of this country, as we in...partner in supporting a strong defense strategy that may not always...effect, particularly with the mechanism that was built into the budget...This mechanism would force defense cuts that would do catastrophic...
3.
Testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee
Magazine article by Leon E. Panetta; U.S. Department of Defense Speeches, September 22, 2011
Subjects: Afghanistan Conflict, 2001---Speeches, lectures and essays, Defense spending--Speeches, lectures and essays, Intervention (International law)--Speeches, lectures and essays, Iraq War, 2003---Speeches, lectures and essays, Military intervention--Speeches, lectures and essays, Panetta, Leon--Speeches, lectures and essays, Secretaries of defense--Speeches, lectures and essays
...decade of war in which the defense budget has more than doubled...against further cuts to defense as we go through that, particularly with the mechanism thats been built into the...This mechanism would force defense cuts that in my view would...
4.
Halifax International Security Forum
Magazine article; U.S. Department of Defense Speeches, November 18, 2011
Subjects: International security--Speeches, lectures and essays, Panetta, Leon--Speeches, lectures and essays, Secretaries of defense--Speeches, lectures and essays, Security, International--Speeches, lectures and essays
...East. Our progress on missile defense is a tangible sign of how far...hemisphere. Another important mechanism is the Conference of Defense Ministers of the Americas...discussion and collaboration on key defense and security issues. And as...
5.
Europeans Split over U.s. Missile Defense Plans
Magazine article by Oliver Meier; Arms Control Today, Vol. 37, April 2007
Subjects: Ballistics, Coalition governments, Feasibility studies, Missile defense, North Atlantic Treaty Organization--NATO, Radar, United States, Weapons of mass destruction
...military implications of missile defense for the alliance. One crucial...anti-ballistic missile defenses could be integrated into NATO, as German Defense Minister Franz Josef Jung...in discussions on a missile defense shield. "We are not as Europeans concerned to establish a mechanism of that type," Javier Solana...
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newspaper articles on: Defense Mechanism  - 450 results

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1.
Defense Mechanism
Newspaper article by Rowan Scarborough; The Washington Times, April 25, 2000
Defense mechanism by Rowan Scarborough The past two decades...President Clinton offered up more money for defense. Something else happened too under Mr...attending a meeting of the Pentagons Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services...
2.
Defense Mechanism
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, May 31, 2002
Defense mechanism Byline: THE WASHINGTON TIMES One of...fortunate to be the only reporter invited to Defense Secretary Bill Cohens personal banquet...walked away. Bill Gertz, who covers defense and national security affairs, joined...
3.
Secret Talks with Russia Focused on Missile Defense; Clinton, Gates Denied on Hill
Newspaper article; The Washington Times (Washington, DC), December 1, 2010
Subjects: Air to surface missiles, Air-to-surface missiles, Ballistic missile defenses, Clinton, Hillary Rodham, Medvedev, Dmitry, United States. Department of State--International relations, United States. Department of State--Negotiation, mediation and arbitration
...and allied missile defense development and deployment...not limiting missile defenses, the State Department...the need for a missile defense agreement, the senior...fledged joint cooperation mechanism or, if we fail to reach...possible European missile defense architecture that would...European and Russian defenses from missile attacks...
4.
Taking Defense Hostage
Newspaper article; The Washington Times (Washington, DC), August 25, 2011
Subjects: Defense spending--Laws, regulations and rules, Hostages--Laws, regulations and rules
...automatically triggers the sequester mechanism. President Obama would then...sequester order to reduce the major defense accounts - including operations...trillion-dollar haircut for defense would constitute a scalping...taxes and entitlements to save defense. In essence, the threat of...
5.
Defense on the Chopping Block; Sequester Favors Democratic Programs over the Military
Newspaper article; The Washington Times (Washington, DC), November 29, 2011
Subjects: Defense spending--Economic policy, Government spending policy--Military aspects, Legislative bodies--Committees, Legislative bodies--Economic policy, Legislative committees--Economic policy, United States. Department of Defense--Economic policy
Defense on the Chopping Block; Sequester...failure triggers a sequestration mechanism that hits the Pentagon harder...inflated 2012 budget request. Defense will increase just 2 percent...freeze on military spending. Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta...
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encyclopedia articles on: Defense Mechanism  - 20 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-10 11-20 >>  
 
1.
Defense Mechanism
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
DEFENSE MECHANISM in psychoanalysis, any of a variety of unconscious personality...theories in the 1930s, distinguishing some of the major defense mechanisms recognized today. Primary defense mechanisms include repression and denial , which serve...
2.
Denial
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
DENIAL in psychology, an ego defense mechanism that operates unconsciously to...denial is described as a primitive defense mechanism . Anna Freud studied...reality rather than a particular defense mechanism in the Freudian sense...
3.
Psychoanalysis
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Freud postulated that there were a number of defense mechanisms including repression, reaction-formation, regression...reality it may find difficult to accept. The major defense mechanism is repression, which induced a "forgetfulness...
4.
Alcoholism
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...identifies the phenomenon of denial as both a psychological defense mechanism and a physiological outcome of alcohols effect on...different effects in each case. Whatever the exact mechanism, it is accepted that chronic consumption of alcohol...
5.
Freud, Sigmund
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...treatment of hysteria. Their paper, On the Psychical Mechanism of Hysterical Phenomena (1893, tr. 1909), more...developing in particular the Freudian concept of the defense mechanism . Other works include A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis...
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