EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE

judicial branch of the European Union (EU). Located in Luxembourg, it was founded in 1958 as the joint court for the three treaty organizations that were consolidated into the European Community (the predecessor of the EU) in 1967. By the early 1990s, the court was composed of 9 advocates general and 15 judges—one judge from each of the EU nations. All members of the court are appointed for renewable six-year terms by agreement among the EU nations.

The court interprets EU treaties and legislation. Although it may attempt to reconcile differences between national and EU laws, ultimately its decisions overrule those of national courts; they have tended to expand the EU's domain. Increased litigation over the years led to the establishment (1988) of a lower court, the Court of First Instances; appeals to the Court of Justice are tightly restricted. International law cases involving nations outside the EU are heard by the World Court in The Hague; the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, France, is recognized by the members of the Council of Europe and hears cases relating to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Personal Freedoms.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: European Court of Justice
We found: 18209 results
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4675  

 

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6915  

 

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2489  

 

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4096  

 

Encyclopedia articles:

 

34  
 

books on: European Court of Justice  - 4675 results

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1.
The Permanent Court of International Justice
Book by Manley O. Hudson; The Macmillan Company, 1934
Subjects: Permanent Court Of International Justice
1926, the Court took the view that a judges...without later adoption by the Court. 23 376. Attendance of the...recurring problems of the Court has been to assure the attendance...heard by an almost exclusively European Court." Minutes of the 1929...
2.
The Permanent Court of International Justice, 1920-1942
Book by Manley O. Hudson; The Macmillan Company, 1943
Subjects: Permanent Court Of International Justice
...the recurring problems of the Court has been to assure the attendance...available as constituting the Court. Series C, No. 16-111...2 3d add. p. 810. 35 The Courts practice is not clear on this...heard by a normally constituted Court, whereas in the winter they...heard by an almost exclusively European court." Minutes of the 1929...
3.
Politics and the Emergence of an Activist International Court of Justice
Book by Thomas J. Bodie; Praeger Publishers, 1995
Subjects: International Court Of Justice, Political Questions And Judicial Power
...When conflicts among European countries emerged in...role of the Permanent Court of International Justice declined rapidly. 43...large proportion of the Courts caseload was treaty interpretation...more toward whether the Court had jurisdiction over...the jurisdiction of the Court. As Falk notes, when...
4.
The International Court of Justice: Its Role in the Maintenance of International Peace and Security
Book by Oliver J. Lissitzyn; Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1951
Subjects: International Court Of Justice
...of additional tribunals, the Court should retain a world-wide...advisory proceedings before the Court in the settlement of disputes...80 The decision of the Court in the Colombian-Peruvian...as having been made mainly by European judges unfamiliar with Latin...
5.
The Project of a Permanent Court of International Justice and Resolutions of the Advisory Committee of Jurists: Report and Commentary
Book by James Brown Scott; The Endowment, 1920
Subjects: Arbitration, International, Permanent Court Of International Justice
...permanent representation in the court without violating the principle...civilization differing from those of European origin. The acceptance of this...permanent representative in the court. Lord Phillimore was willing...a preferred position in the court. While the small Powers are...
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journal articles on: European Court of Justice  - 6915 results

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1.
European Court of Justice Rules on Issue of Comparable Pay
Journal article by G. Ricardo Campbell; Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 57, 1994
Subjects: Comparable worth, Court decisions, Europe, European Court of Justice, European Union, Sex discrimination, Wage differential
European Court of Justice Rules on Issue of Comparable Pay by G. Ricardo Campbell On October 27, 1993, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) of the European Union (EU) handed down a decision on equal pay for...
2.
Judicial Dialogue and the Cross-fertilization of Legal Systems: the European Court of Justice
Journal article by Francis G. Jacobs; Texas International Law Journal, Vol. 38, 2003
Subjects: Constitutions, Courts, European Union, International law
...contribution to European integration...Court of Justice (ICJ...for that Court to be given...international courts.8 In the...structure of the European Economic...International Courts and Tribunals...International Court of Justice. Its judgments...the then-European Community...with a Court of justice modeled on...National Courts Let me turn...
3.
Sex Equality and Social Security: Selected Rulings of the European Court of Justice
Journal article by Ingeborg Heide; International Labour Review, Vol. 143, 2004
Subjects: Court decisions, Equality, Europe, Sex discrimination, Social security, Studies
...The Belgian courts referred to the European Court of Justice for three...compatible with European law. The European Court of Justice, to which...national courts "have a...EEC. The European Court of Justice considers...72 The Courts first ruling...
4.
Women's Rights, the European Court, and Supranational Constitutionalism
Journal article by Rachel A. Cichowski; Law & Society Review, Vol. 38, 2004
Subjects: Civil rights, Courts, European Court of Justice, European Union, Gender equity, Litigation, Women
Womens Rights, the European Court, and Supranational Constitutionalism...EU). The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has played a...transformation. The Courts activism in the 1960s...being heard in a national court. The national court...
5.
Judicial Decisions: Part-time Work Poses Issues for European Courts
Journal article; International Labour Review, Vol. 133, 1994
Subjects: Belgium, Court decisions, Employee benefits, Europe, European Court of Justice, Germany, Part time employment, Social change, Spain, United Kingdom, Wrongful discharge
...Issues for European Courts JUDICIAL...issue, the courts are called...the European Court of Justice, which have...conclusions, the court found it unnecessary...referred to the European Court of Justice (ECJ) by German courts for a ruling...
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magazine articles on: European Court of Justice  - 2489 results

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1.
European Court of Justice Rejects Procedures Enforcing U.n. Terrorism Watch List
Magazine article by Ian Williams; The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, Vol. 27, November 2008
Subjects: Councils, Geneva Conventions, Judicial reviews, Legislation, Public officials, Terrorism
European Court of Justice Rejects Procedures Enforcing U.n...susceptible to White House pressure. The European Court of Justice, which has frequently...British governance, has overturned European governments implementation of the U...
2.
Profile of the Caribbean Court of Justice
Magazine article by Duke E.E. Pollard; Americas (English Edition), Vol. 59, May-June 2007
Subjects: Administration of justice--Evaluation, Caribbean Community and Common Market, Caribbean Court of Justice--History, Justice, Administration of--Evaluation, Treaty Establishing the Caribbean Community, 1973
...the Privy Council, the court of last resort. The...jurisdiction with other courts of the community, it...environment. If another court in the Caribbean Community...regimes establishing the European Court of Justice or the Andean Court of...
3.
European High Court Approves Crucifixes in Public Schools
Magazine article; Church & State, Vol. 64, May 2011
Subjects: Crosses--Laws, regulations and rules, European Court of Human Rights--Cases, Freedom of religion--Cases, Religion in schools--Laws, regulations and rules, Religion in the public schools--Laws, regulations and rules
European High Court Approves Crucifixes...classrooms, the European Court of Human Rights has held. The European high court, ruling...decision was appealed. Justices with the Strasbourg...Centre for Law and Justice, a branch of TV...
4.
A Century of Arbitration: The International Court of Justice
Magazine article by Michael L. Nash; Contemporary Review, Vol. 274, May 1999
Subjects: International Court of Justice--History, Pacific settlement of international disputes--History
...International Court of Justice. by Michael...International Court of Justice in...arms. Twenty European powers attended...Subsidiarity in the European Union, i...International Criminal Court will only act when national courts are unable or...
5.
Judicial Redress: Can the European Court of Human Rights Set an Example?
Magazine article by Hans Corell; UN Chronicle, Vol. 35, Winter 1998
Subjects: European Court of Human Rights--Management, Human rights--Protection
...institutions trader the European Convention on Human...mechanism is global. A court with such jurisdiction...International Court of Justice has, and the future...solutions like the European Court of Human Rights...competence as regional courts. To become successful...organs like the European Court must be composed...
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newspaper articles on: European Court of Justice  - 4096 results

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1.
European Court of Justice
Newspaper article; The Mirror (London, England), November 15, 2006
Subjects: European Court of Justice
European Court of Justice. Byline: SUE CARROLL IF a cheap booze and fag law is rubber-stamped by the European Court of Justice, the Chancellor may lose billions. And predictably...
2.
Forced Retirement at 65 Could Be Unlawful; DISCRIMINATION European Court of Justice Ruling May Not End Affair LEGAL
Newspaper article; The Birmingham Post (England), November 26, 2008
Subjects: Age discrimination, Employment discrimination
...Unlawful; DISCRIMINATION European Court of Justice Ruling May Not End Affair...general of the European Court of Justice delivered...judges of the European Court who may either follow...different. The full courts judgment is not expected...
3.
The European Court of Secrecy; Officials Refuse to Name Judges Who Rejected British Appeal over Giving Prisoners the Vote
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), April 15, 2011
Subjects: European Court of Human Rights--Officials and employees, Prisoners
The European Court of Secrecy; Officials...Correspondent THE European Court of Human Rights was plunged into a secret justice row last night after...spokesman for the Strasbourg court said the names constituted...injury. On Tuesday the court released a short statement...sitting as a panel of the courts final appeal body, the...
4.
European Court Holds Up Familys Deportation; Mutilation Fear: Pamela Izeybekhal and Children Naomi and Jemima
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), November 19, 2008
Subjects: European Court of Human Rights
European Court Holds Up Familys...Human Rights. The High Court had yesterday ordered...genital mutilation. A High Court judge ordered them home...Nigeria. But the European Court of Human Rights asked...intervention by the European courts, Miss Izevbekhai would...But yesterday, Mr Justice John Hedigan found that...
5.
KILLER IN FINAL BID FOR FREEDOM; Chase Murderer, 81, Launches Appeal at European Court
Newspaper article; Sunday Mercury (Birmingham, England), May 15, 2011
Subjects: European Court of Human Rights, Murder, Reynolds, Margaret
...Launches Appeal at European Court. Byline: ADAM ASPINALL...lodged an appeal with the European Court of Human Rights...lodged his appeal with he European Court of Human Rights...hopefully my fight for justice will uncover the truth...
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encyclopedia articles on: European Court of Justice  - 34 results

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1.
European Court of Justice
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE judicial branch of the...the early 1990s, the court was composed of 9 advocates...All members of the court are appointed for renewable...the EU nations. The court interprets EU treaties...overrule those of national courts; they have tended to...
2.
European Union
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...and for cooperation on justice and home affairs. Twenty...the group of Western European nations that belonged...treaty organizations the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community...Parliament , and the European Court of Justice . Although...
3.
Affirmative Action
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Although the U.S. Supreme Court accepted such an argument in Regents...formulaic manner. In Europe, the European Court of Justice has upheld (1997) the use in...precedent for the nations of the European Union...
4.
Luxembourg , Grand Duchy, W Europe
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...important, and Luxembourg derives great economic benefits as a center for many European Union functions, including the European Investment Bank and the European Court of Justice. Other industries are food processing, cargo transport, and the production...
5.
Luxembourg , City, Luxembourg
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Concert Hall, the Grand Duke Jean Museum of Modern Art, and several institutions of the European Union , including the European Court of Justice, the European Investment Bank, and the Secretariat of the European Parliament. The lower town, in...
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