HAMMURABI

hämooräˈbē, fl. 1792–1750 b.c., king of Babylonia. He founded an empire that was eventually destroyed by raids from Asia Minor. Hammurabi may have begun building the tower of Babel (Gen. 11.4), which can now be identified with the temple-tower in Babylon called Etemenanki. His code of laws is one of the greatest of ancient codes. It is carved on a diorite column, in 3,600 lines of cuneiform; it was found (1902) at Susa and is now at Paris. The code, which addresses such issues as business and family relations, labor, private property, and personal injuries, is generally humanitarian. One severe feature, however, is the retributive nature of the punishment, which follows "an eye for an eye" literally. Much of the code is drawn from earlier Sumerian and Semitic laws, which seem to provide the basis for its harshly punitive nature.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Hammurabi
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books on: Hammurabi  - 1083 results

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1.
Social Thought: From Hammurabi to Comte
Book by Rollin Chambliss; Dryden Press, 1954
Subjects: Sociology--History
...their sceptre to my hands, I dug out the Hammurabi-canal named Nuhus-nisi, which bringeth...peaceful habitation. At that time I, Hammurabi, the mighty king, the beloved of the...a lofty fortress, at the head of the Hammurabi-canal named Nuhus-nisi, with much...
2.
Government Leaders, Military Rulers, and Political Activists
Book by David W. Del Testa; Oryx Press, 2001
Subjects: Dictators--Biography--Encyclpedias, Emperors--Biography--Encyclopedias, Heads Of State--Biography--Encyclopedias, Kings And Rulers--Biography--Encyclopedias, Politicians--Biography--Encyclopedias, Statesmen--Biography--Encyclopedias
Hammurabi Sumerian King c. 1820/1810-c. 1750 B.C.E. Life and Work Hammurabi united the independent city-states of Mesopotamia...Born sometime between 1820 to 1810 B.C.E., Hammurabi was the son of King Sinmuballit of Babylon...
3.
The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge - Vol. 5
Book by Samuel Macauley Jackson, Charles Colebrook Sherman, George William Gilmore; Funk and Wagnalls, 1909
Subjects: Theology--Encyclopedias
...GEO. W. GILMORE. BIBLIOGRAPHY: On Hammurabi, beside the literature given under BABYLONIA...King, Letters and Inscriptions of Hammurabi , 3 vols., London, 1898-1901 vol...Montgomery, Briefe aus der Zeit des . . . Hammurabi , Leipsic, 1901; G. Nagel, Die Briefe...
4.
Israel's Laws and Legal Precedents: From the Days of Moses to the Closing of the Legal Canon
Book by Charles Foster Kent; C. Scribners Sons, 1907
...Vol. II, pp. 485-487. THE CODE OF HAMMURABI AND THE OLD TESTAMENT CODES Cohn, Die Gesetze...1903. Cook, The Laws of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi , 1903. Edwards, The Hammurabi Code and the Sinaitic Legislation , 1904. Grimme...
5.
Who Were the Babylonians?
Book by Bill T. Arnold; Brill, 2005
Subjects: Babylonia--History
...translated in A. L. Oppenheim, Texts from Hammurabi to the Downfall of the Assyrian Empire...175-76. 23. Jack M. Sasson, King Hammurabi of Babylon, CANE 2:901-15, esp...Hammurapi's name, see Sasson, King Hammurabi of Babylon, esp. 902. 28. Georges...
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journal articles on: Hammurabi  - 175 results

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1.
Goodbye to Hammurabi: Analyzing the Atavistic Appeal of Restorative Justice
Journal article by Richard Delgado; Stanford Law Review, Vol. 52, 2000
Subjects: Criminal justice, Administration of--Social aspects, Mediation--Evaluation, Restorative justice--Evaluation, Victims of crimes--Remedies
Goodbye to Hammurabi: analyzing the atavistic appeal of restorative justice. by Richard...remedy.(9) The state played little part. For example, the Code of Hammurabi provided that individuals who had injured or taken from others must...
2.
Advances in Mesopotamian Medicine from Hammurabi to Hippocrates: Proceedings of the International Conference 'oeil Malade et Mauvais Oeil', Collège de France, Paris, 23rd June 2006
Journal article by Eleanor Robson; Medical History, Vol. 55, 2011
Advances in Mesopotamian Medicine from Hammurabi to Hippocrates: Proceedings of the International Conference...Markham J. Geller, Advances in Mesopotamian Medicine from Hammurabi to Hippocrates: Proceedings of the International Conference...
3.
The "Queen of the Night" Plaque-A Revisit
Journal article by Pauline Albenda; The Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 125, 2005
Subjects: Art objects--History, Babylonian Empire, ca. 1894-1595 BC--Social aspects, British Museum--Collections and collecting, Civilization, Assyro-Babylonian--Social aspects, Hammurabi, King of Babylonia--Social aspects, Plaques (Signs)--History, Plaques, plaquettes--History
...C., to the Old Babylonian period of Hammurabi. (3) The plaque is now described as...the reign of the Old Babylonian king Hammurabi; the other is the stone stele carved with the code of Hammurabi, housed in the Louvre in Paris. (4...
4.
Bureaucracy: Weber's or Hammurabi's? Ideal or Ancient?
Journal article by Mohamad G. Alkadry; Public Administration Quarterly, Vol. 26, 2002
Subjects: History, Public administration, Studies
...policies of the Babylonian Empire during the Hammurabi era between 1792 and 1740 B.C. The...Babylonian Dynasty under the rule of Hammurabi had many of the characteristics of Webers...type bureaucracy. In other words, the Hammurabi administration achieved 3800 years ago...
5.
The King and I: A Mari King in Changing Perceptions
Journal article by Jack M. Sasson; The Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 118, 1998
Subjects: Iraq--Kings and rulers, Kings and rulers--History
...death was rehearsed in the records of Hammurabi of Babylon. Within a decade, the broad...supplied us with the name of the ruler Hammurabi boasted of defeating when, in his thirty...from covetous neighbors. For Parrot, Hammurabi of Babylon was a Machiavellian ally...
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magazine articles on: Hammurabi  - 85 results

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1.
Babylon Stele of Hammurabi
Magazine article by Karl Cole; School Arts, Vol. 100, October 2000
Subjects: Babylon (Ancient city)--Art, Civilization, Ancient--Study and teaching
Babylon Stele of Hammurabi by Karl Cole After the downfall of...region was eventually united under King Hammurabi who ruled from 1792-1750 BC. The...law. In the preamble to the code, Hammurabi declares that the code is intended...
2.
Treasure Hunting in Baghdad
Magazine article by Bruce Cole; Humanities, Vol. 27, September 2006
Subjects: Ancient civilizations, Books, Historic artifacts, Iraq War-2003, Military officers
...of the line that began with Sargon and Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar. We were on our way...Gentlemen, up ahead is the home of Hammurabi. This is the Old Testament, the Hanging...going to be standing in the footsteps of Hammurabi. You remember Hammurabi, right? Eye...
3.
An Ancient Debtors' Code
Magazine article by Alphonse Tonietti; Business Credit, Vol. 110, January 2008
Subjects: Bankruptcy laws, Civil rights, Creditors, Iraq
...business tablets, the famous Code of Hammurabi, who lived about 2000 B. C., devotes...and debtor. The venerable figure of Hammurabi looms forth as that of both a redoubtable...Having consolidated his conquests, Hammurabi set about formulating a code of laws...
4.
From the Editor
Magazine article by Chris Berg; Review - Institute of Public Affairs, Vol. 57, December 2005
...by Chris Berg The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi was not merely a list of laws and their...years. Perhaps this is too harsh on Hammurabi. After all, he does look a touch like...although Nixon and Carter should have. Hammurabi instituted his political economy in an...
5.
The Faith-Charity Initiative and the American Experiment
Magazine article by Gordon L. Anderson; World and I, Vol. 16, July 2001
Subjects: Bush, George W.--Social policy, Church and state--Analysis, Social policy--Economic aspects, Social service--Religious aspects, Social services--Religious aspects, United States--Social policy
...of the Ten Commandments back to the Code of Hammurabi. Civilization flourished under Hammurabi, the sixth king of the first Babylonian dynasty...Babylon was not a democracy, but the Code of Hammurabi defined clear relations between citizens and...
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newspaper articles on: Hammurabi  - 43 results

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1.
Time's Massacre
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, June 14, 2006
Subjects: Massacres
...local man .. He brought the tape to Hammurabi Human Rights .. and they brought it...middle-aged and a co-founder of the Hammurabi Organization. The Associated Press has...association with the previously unknown Hammurabi Organization in its original article...
2.
Charges Concern Commandant; Marines' Hagee Gave Rules-of-War Lecture in Iraq
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, June 8, 2006
Subjects: United States. Marine Corps
...has not offered to resign. Meanwhile, Hammurabi, a Sunni Muslim human rights group...device (IED). Thaer al-Hadithi, a Hammurabi spokesman who says he was in Haditha...killing civilians in apparent retaliation. Hammurabi obtained a video of the dead taken by...
3.
Social Work & Human Rights
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, January 22, 2011
Subjects: Airlines, Gulf Air Company GSC, Human rights
...new. The concept can be traced back to laws, customs, and religions of ancient history. The Code of Hammurabi by the Sumerian king Hammurabi is an example of a codification of laws created to protect people from arbitrary persecution. However...
4.
Advantage Factor
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, February 26, 2010
Subjects: Supreme Court justices, Supreme court justices
...opponent, a simple citizen, cannot aspire to have or show in many ways.Flaws in human natureHuman nature, since the era of Hammurabi (about 18th century B.C.), has not changed much in keeping advantage as solid asset to be disposed if or when needed...
5.
Different Currencies Meet Countries' Needs
Newspaper article; Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), June 15, 2011
...metal coins as the preferred units of measurement. Bronze, silver, copper and gold coins were minted. The Babylonian King Hammurabi established a code of laws in 1750 B.C. that describes specific rules for money, barter and compensation for his Mesopotamian...
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encyclopedia articles on: Hammurabi  - 23 results

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1.
Hammurabi
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
HAMMURABI hamoora be, fl. 1792 1750 b.c., king of Babylonia . He founded an empire that was eventually destroyed by raids from Asia Minor. Hammurabi may have begun building the tower of Babel (Gen. 11.4), which can...
2.
Sumerian and Babylonian Art
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...18th cent. b.c., Babylonia under Hammurabi rose to power and dominated Mesopotamia...is generally taken to be a portrait of Hammurabi. The surface is carved to show the marks...people (c.1750 b.c.; Louvre). Hammurabi is also represented kneeling in prayer...
3.
Babylonia
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Historically it is limited to the first dynasty of Babylon established by Hammurabi (c.1750 b.c.), and to the Neo-Babylonian period after the fall of the Assyrian Empire. Hammurabi, who had his capital at Babylon , issued the code of laws for...
4.
Mari , Ancient City, Mesopotamia
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...archives of the great King Zimri-lim, a contemporary of Hammurabi in the 18th cent. b.c., were discovered in 1937. They...more than 200 rooms and covering 5 acres (2 hectares). Hammurabi conquered Mari c.1700 b.c., and Babylon then became...
5.
Elam
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...of Uruk, Babylon, and Isin. In the 18th cent. b.c., Hammurabi was able to keep the Elamites from expanding. A century later...important monuments as the stele of Naram-Sin and the code of Hammurabi. Tchoga-Zanbil, excavated in 1952, was the Elamite religious...
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