IQBAL, MUHAMMAD

məhămˈĭd ĭkhbälˈ, 1877–1938, Indian Muslim poet, philosopher, and political leader. He studied at Government College, Lahore, Cambridge, and the Univ. of Munich, and then he taught philosophy at Government College and practiced law. He was elected (1927) to the Punjab provincial legislature and served (1930) as president of the Muslim League. A staunch advocate of Indian nationalism, he became a supporter of an independent homeland for India's Muslims, though within an Indian federation and not as a separate nation. He is regarded by many as the spiritual founder of Pakistan, and the anniversary of his death (Apr. 21) is a national holiday. Iqbal was the foremost Muslim thinker of his period, and in his many volumes of poetry (written in Urdu and Persian) and essays, he urged a regeneration of Islam through the love of God and the active development of the self. He was a firm believer in freedom and the creative force that freedom can exert on men. He was knighted in 1922. His works include The Secrets of the Self (1915, tr. 1940), and Javid-nama (1934, tr. 1966).

See biographical studies by A. A. Beg (1961), A. Schimmel (1963), H. Malik, ed. (1971), and S. M. Burney (1987).

____________________

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Iqbal Muhammad
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books on: Iqbal Muhammad  - 461 results

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1.
Firdaws Al-Iqbal: History of Khorezm
Book by Shir Muhammad Mirab Munis, Muhammad Riza Mirab Agahi, Yuri Bregel; Brill, 1999
Subjects: Khorezm (Kingdom)--History
...VOLUME 28 FIRDAWS AL-IQBAL History of Khorezm BY SHIR MUHAMMAD MIRAB MUNIS AND...English Firdaws al-iqbal : history of Khorezm / by Shir Muhammad Mirab Munis and...CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Munis, Shir Muhammad Mirab: Firdaws al-iqbal : history of Khorezm...
2.
Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle against World Poverty
Book by Muhammad Yunus; Public Affairs, 1999
Subjects: Economists--Bangladesh--Biography, Grameen Bank--History, Microfinance--Bangladesh--History, Rural Poor--Bangladesh--History, Yunus, Muhammad--1940-
BANKER TO THE POOR Muhammad Yunus BANKER TO THE...PublicAffairs NEW YORK Copyright 1999 by Muhammad Yunus. Published in the United States...Cataloging-in-Publication Data Yunus, Muhammad, 1940 Banker to the poor: micro-lending...
3.
The Myth of the Chosen One: The Story behind the Story of the Man Who Allegedly Abused and Murdered One Hundred Children
Book by K. Sohail; White Knight Publications, 2002
Subjects: Iqbal, Javed--D. 2001, Serial Murderers--Pakistan--Biography, Serial Murderers--Psychology--Case Studies
...Death Cell 15 First Interuiew with Javed Iqbal (accused serial killer), 8 The Magic...Politics 26 9 First Interview with Pervez Iqbal (an Older Brother) 29 10 Sodomy and...Islamic law Sodomy Old Diaries of Javed Iqbal Fathers Letter to Javed Iqbal Police...
4.
The Armed Forces of Pakistan
Book by Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema; Allen & Unwin, 2003
Subjects: Pakistan--Armed Forces, Pakistan--History, Military
...idea of a separate homeland was injected into the ongoing freedom movement by a poet philosopher of the East, Sir Muhammad Iqbal, in an address in 1930. His view of the matter became the conceptual basis for a state of Pakistan. It was eventually...
5.
Perception, Politics, and Security in South Asia: the Compound Crisis of 1990
Book by P. R. Chari, Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, Stephen Philip Cohen; Routledge, 2003
...and Conflict Studies, New Delhi. Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema is the president of the Islamabad...compound crisis of 1990 P. R. Chari, Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema and Stephen Philip Cohen Perception...compound crisis of 1990 P. R. Chari, Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema and Stephen Philip Cohen LONDON...
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journal articles on: Iqbal Muhammad  - 96 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Pilgrim Clouds: The Polymorphous Sacred in Indo-Muslim Imagination
Journal article by Scott Kugle; Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, 2003
Subjects: Iqbal, Muhammad--Works, Poets--Works
...poets like Altaf Hussayn Hali and Muhammad Iqbal); rather the clouds allow him...A generation later, Muhammad Iqbal revisited the musaddas form, composing...productions, and religious ethos. (48) Muhammad Iqbal, Shikwa wa Jawab-i Shikwa: Complaint...
2.
Iqbal's View of Omniscience and Human Freedom
Journal article by Abdul Hafeez Fazli; The Muslim World, Vol. 95, 2005
Subjects: Freedoms, God, Iqbal, Muhammad (1877-1938), Islam, Literary criticism, Philosophy, Poets
...Freedom by Abdul Hafeez Fazli Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) was an eminent Muslim...importance also lies in another fact: had Iqbal produced only philosophical poetry...coherent philosophy. In Reconstruction, Iqbal undertakes this task himself. As...
3.
Javed Majeed. Autobiography, Travel and Postnational Identity: Gandhi, Nehru and Iqbal
Journal article by Philip Holden; Biography, Vol. 30, 2007
Subjects: Autobiography, Travel and Postnational Identity: Gandhi, Nehru and Iqbal (Book)--Book reviews, Books--Book reviews
...compares these texts to the Persian poem Javid Nama by Muhammad Iqbal, the leader of the All India Muslim League who was one...trope of travel. The writings of Gandhi, Nehru, and Iqbal are embedded in a rich contextual discussion of both...
4.
Muhammad Akram Nadwi: Al-Muhaddithat: The Women Scholars in Islam
Journal article by Muzaffar Iqbal; Islam & Science, Vol. 6, 2008
Subjects: Al-Muhaddithat: The Women Scholars in Islam (Book)--Book reviews, Books--Book reviews
...Al-Muhaddithat: The Women Scholars in Islam. by Muzaffar Iqbal Muhammad Akram Nadwi: Al-Muhaddithat: The Women Scholars in...Muzaffar Iqbal Center for Islam and Science, Sherwood Park, AB Canad...
5.
Elsaid M. Badawi and Muhammad Abdel Haleem: Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage
Journal article by Muzaffar Iqbal; Islam & Science, Vol. 7, 2009
Subjects: Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage (Reference work)--Book reviews, Books--Book reviews
Elsaid M. Badawi and Muhammad Abdel Haleem: Arabic-English...Quranic Usage. by Muzaffar Iqbal Arabic-English Dictionary...the well-known concordance of Muhammad Fuad abd al-BAqi, both for...Translation and Commentary by Maulana Muhammad Ali, a follower of Mirza Ghulam...
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magazine articles on: Iqbal Muhammad  - 33 results

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1.
Conflict Unending? Jews, Christians, Muslims, and People of All Faiths Have to Go beyond Ritualistic Adherence to Their Doctrine and Subject Their Faith to the Scrutiny of Rational Thought until They Discover the Ultimate Basis of Righteous Law and Authority
Magazine article by Mahmood Butt; World and I, Vol. 18, July 2003
Subjects: Fundamentalism--Political aspects, Interfaith relations, Iqbal, Muhammad--Criticism and interpretation, Religious tolerance
...and religious scholars including Muhammad Iqbal (1873-- 1938) in India, Muhammad...his critical essay entitled, "Muhammad Iqbal," "If one were to reconstruct...exemplary Muslim personalities like Muhammad Iqbal would be reconstructed and reborn...
2.
Muhammad and the Birth of a New Civilization
Magazine article by Ali A. Mazrui; Islamic Horizons, Vol. 37, September 2008
Subjects: Civilization, Globalization, God, Islamic culture, Muslims
Muhammad and the Birth of a New Civilization...Mozart, Beethoven, Shakespeare, and Iqbal are part ofthat package of civilized...inconceivable that the birth of little Muhammad, son of Abd-Allah and grandson of...It began with the first command Muhammad received from God through Gabriel...
3.
A Desire to Serve
Magazine article by Iqbal Unus; Islamic Horizons, Vol. 35, May/Jun 2006
Subjects: Interfaith relationships, Muslims, Social services, Volunteers
A Desire to Serve by Iqbal Unus Today, an increasing interest...conviction. The teachings of Prophet Muhammad (salla Allahu alayhi wa sallam) inspire...responsibility as advised by Prophet Muhammad, "Every one of you is a shepherd and...
4.
Group Dynamics
Magazine article by Iqbal Unus; Islamic Horizons, Vol. 38, March 2009
Subjects: Group dynamics, Islam, Islamic life & ethics, Social interaction
Group Dynamics by Iqbal Unus Human beings, despite their distinctive personalities, function...very much tied to how people behave in relation to others. Prophet Muhammad (salla Allahu alay-hi wa sallam) once mentioned the importance of...
5.
The Role of Scholars
Magazine article by Iqbal J. Unus; Islamic Horizons, Vol. 37, March 2008
Subjects: Belief & doubt, Fear & phobias, Islam, Muslim Americans, Perceptions, Scholars
...of Quranic verses, such as Robert Spencers book on Prophet Muhammad. Researcher and author Robert Crane deconstructs Spencers claims...years. His magnum opus is his latest book, The Truth about Muhammad: Founder of the Worlds Most Intolerant Religion (Regnery Publishing...
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newspaper articles on: Iqbal Muhammad  - 60 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
I Saw Councillor at 'Vote Factory', Claims Witness
Newspaper article; The Birmingham Post (England), March 8, 2005
...allegedly forged. Asif Iqbal said he could not have failed to notice Coun Muhammad Afzal since he had known...back, claiming that Asif Iqbal and his brothers were part...The case continues Coun Muhammad Afzal - Witness placed him...
2.
An Act of Betrayal against Our Faith; COMMENTARY
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), April 21, 2005
...against Our Faith; COMMENTARY. Byline: IQBAL SACRANIE THE 20 hooligans who disrupted...of the teachings of our noble Prophet Muhammad who famously said he had been raised to...be resisted and resist it we shall. . Iqbal Sacranie is secretary-general of The Muslim...
3.
Aston University Degrees 37
Newspaper article; The Birmingham Post (England), July 16, 2009
Subjects: Musicians, Speech therapists, Universities and colleges
...Mohammed Ibrar Hussain ; IQBAL Saima Noreen Iqbal ; IQBAL Usman Iqbal ; ISHAQUE Aneesa Halima Ishaque ; JANDU Satkartar Singh Jandu...Jordan Claire Morris ; MULTANI Mohammed Faisal Multani ; MURHABA Muhammad Murhaba ; NDAJI Chiedozie Ndaji ; PASHTOONMAL Malalai Pashtoonmal...
4.
Aston University Degrees
Newspaper article; The Birmingham Post (England), July 15, 2009
Subjects: Universities and colleges
...IQBAL Wakas Ahmed Iqbal ; JANDOO Sereena...Griffith ; HANNAN Omar Muhammad Abdul Hannan ; HEALY...Muhith ; NASIM Munaza Iqbal Nasim ; PARKER Stephen...Sanderson ; SARWAR Muhammad Tayyab Sarwar ; SHAYAKHMETOV...Kanwal Rauf ; SARWAR Muhammad Tayyab Sarwar ; THOMPSON...James Exton ; GREWAL Iqbal Singh Grewal ; HUGH...
5.
PM Terror Charge; COURTS
Newspaper article; The Birmingham Post (England), September 12, 2008
...yesterday charged with terrorism offences Muhammad Ali Mumtaz Ahmad, 24, from Blackburn...murder and being a member of al Qaida Abbas Iqbal (23), is charged with owning terrorist...terrorist literature. His brother Ilyas Iqbal ( 21), is accused of owning terrorist...
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encyclopedia articles on: Iqbal Muhammad  - 6 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-6 >>  
 
1.
Iqbal, Muhammad
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
IQBAL, MUHAMMAD m ham id ikhbal , 1877 1938, Indian...Indias Muslims and aligned himself with Muhammad Ali Jinnah . He is regarded by many as...death (Apr. 21) is a national holiday. Iqbal was the foremost Muslim thinker of his...
2.
Muslim League
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...An early leader in the League, Muhammad Iqbal , was one of the first to propose...By 1940, under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah , it had gained such...martial law was in force under Muhammad Ayub Khan , the League was officially...
3.
Sialkot
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...founder of the Sikh religion (see Sikhism ), are in Sialkot. The city is also the birthplace of the philosopher-poet Muhammad Iqbal . ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia University Press. Used with the permission of Columbia University...
4.
Pakistan
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...introduced in 1930 by the poet Muhammad Iqbal and was ardently supported by...when the Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah , demanded the establishment...Khwaja Nazimuddin (1951 53) and Muhammad Ali (1953 55) and governor-general...
5.
India
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...nationalist sentiment was expressed by Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Iqbal , and Muhammad Ali. At the outbreak of World War I all elements...the 11 provinces. The Muslim League , led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah , won 109 of the 485 Muslim seats...
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