KHOMEINI, AYATOLLAH RUHOLLAH

khōmāˈnē, 1900–1989, Iranian Shiite religious leader. Educated in Islam at home and in theological schools, in the 1950s he was designated ayatollah, a supreme religious leader, in the Iranian Shiite community. Khomeini's criticisms of Reza Shah Pahlevi led to his exile in 1964. Settling in Iraq, Khomeini continued his outspoken denunciations, developing a strong religious and political following abroad, until forced to leave (1978) by Saddam Hussein; he then moved to France. Following the revolution that deposed Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi, Khomeini returned triumphantly to Iran in 1979, declared an Islamic republic, and began to exercise ultimate authority in the nation. His conservative ideology opposed pro-Western tendencies. Khomeini's rule was marked by the Iran hostage crisis and the Iran-Iraq War.

See biography by B. Moin (2000).

____________________

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Khomeini Ayatollah Ruhollah
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books on: Khomeini Ayatollah Ruhollah  - 386 results

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1.
After Khomeini: The Iranian Second Republic
Book by Anoushiravan Ehteshami; Routledge, 1995
...and forceful figure of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, set about building an...of the era of his rule, Ayatollah Khomeinis Iran was further engaged...under the guidance of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini the Supreme Leader , formed...
2.
From Zarathustra to Khomeini: Populism and Dissent in Iran
Book by Manochehr Dorraj; Lynne Rienner, 1990
Subjects: Iran--History, Islam And Politics--Iran, Populism--Iran
...imam inspired quietism.In the twentieth century, Ayatollah Khomeini and Ali Shariati deduced an activist conclusion...of the Caliphate of Ali; seven decades later, Ayatollah Khomeini, using the same example, derived the necessity...
3.
The Shah and the Ayatollah: Iranian Mythology and Islamic Revolution
Book by Fereydoun Hoveyda; Praeger, 2003
Subjects: Iran--Politics And Government--1941-1979, Iran--Politics And Government--1979-1997, Islam And Politics--Iran, Mythology, Iranian
...Muhammad Reza Pahlavi and Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. In 1963, following rioting...future Shah, the future Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini did not dread any father...tainly reminds one of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who has de- veloped...
4.
Iran after Khomeini
Book by Shireen T. Hunter; Praeger Publishers, 1992
Subjects: Iran--History--1979-1997
...following the death, on June 5, 1989, of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Placing...time. Iran after Khomeini Introduction The Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini -- the man who brought down the shah, ended...
5.
Iran's Persian Gulf Policy: From Khomeini to Khatami
Book by Christin Marschall; Routledge Curzon, 2003
...Iran-Iraq war and the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, in the past it had tended...Iran-Iraq war and the death of Ayatollah Khomeini. And finally, Irans relationship...particular after the death of Ayatollah Khomeini in 1989. As foreign policy...
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journal articles on: Khomeini Ayatollah Ruhollah  - 63 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
The Crisis Religious Legitimacy in Iran
Journal article by Olivier Roy; The Middle East Journal, Vol. 53, 1999
Subjects: Constitutions, Dictators, Iran, Khomeini, Ruhollah (Ayatollah), Politics, Religion, Revolutions
...the late Imam Ruhollah Khomeinis person. The...successor as Guide, Ayatollah `Ali Khamenei...religious status by Khomeini), even if they...such as Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Reza...led by Imam Khomeini, who was seen as a grand ayatollah. Secondly...
2.
Iran's Struggle for Democracy
Journal article by Nasser Momayesi; International Journal on World Peace, Vol. 17, 2000
Subjects: Authoritarianism--Political aspects, Democracy--Social aspects, Iran--Politics and government, Khomeini, Ruhollah, Ayatollah--Political activity
...religious leadership, particularly Ayatollah Khomeini, cooperation with the liberals...mandate. 23 The revolution and Ayatollah Khomeinis concept of an Islamic Republic...social changes. Domestically, Ayatollah Khomeini and his followers were able...
3.
Islamic Organizations in Egypt and the Iranian Revolution of 1979: The Experience of the First Few Years
Journal article by Walid M. Abdelnasser; Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ), Vol. 19, 1997
Subjects: Iran--Foreign relations, Islamic sects--Egypt, Khomeini, Ruhollah, Ayatollah--Political activity, Moslem Brotherhood--Relations with Iran, Revolutions--Iran
...Iranian revolution and its leader Ayatollah Khomeini. Some of those actors in fact...groups in Egypt. Pictures of Ayatollah Khomeini appeared in Cairo and in some...recorded cassette tapes of Ayatollah Khomeini in overthrowing the Shah of...
4.
From Khomeini to Ahmadinejad
Journal article by Matthias Kuntzel; Policy Review, 2006
Subjects: Books--Book reviews, Guests of the Ayatollah: The First Battle in America's War with Militant Islam (Book)--Book reviews
...sensed the same certainty that was expressed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini back when this confrontation began in the late...was dashed by the stony determination of the ayatollah. Khomeini was not even prepared to permit American emissaries...
5.
Iran: the Persian Sphinx: Amir Abbas Hoveyda and the Riddle of the Iranian Revolution, a Biography / Iranian Mythology and Islamic Revolution: the Shah and the Ayatollah
Journal article by Charles W. Naas; The Middle East Journal, Vol. 57, 2003
Subjects: Biographies, Essays, History, Hoveyda, Amir Abbas, Hoveyda, Fereydoun, Iran, Milani, Abbas, Nonfiction, Politics, Prime ministers
...a follower of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Hoveyda was...Shah and the Ayatollah," Fereydoun Hoveyda...the Shah and Khomeini was but the latest...the Shah and Khomeini instinctively...the future. The Ayatollah saw seventh century...
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magazine articles on: Khomeini Ayatollah Ruhollah  - 123 results

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1.
The Great Backlash 1979: What Do Ayatollah Khomeini, Margaret Thatcher, Pope John Paul II, and Deng Xiaoping All Have in Common?
Magazine article by Christian Caryl; Foreign Policy, July 2009
Subjects: Deng Xiaoping--History, Ex-government officials--History, Ex-government officials--Powers and duties, Ex-public officers--History, Ex-public officers--Powers and duties, John Paul II, Pope--History, John Paul II, Pope--Travel, Khomeini, Ruhollah, Ayatollah--History, Popes--History, Popes--Travel, Religious leaders--History, Thatcher, Margaret--History, Thatcher, Margaret--Powers and duties
...It was in 1979 that Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini seized power in Iran...even compared the ayatollah with Mahatma Gandhi...was shocked to see Khomeini and the mullahs gain...15 years in exile, Ayatollah Khomeini returns to Telran...
2.
The Funeral of Ayatollah Khomeini Was Not a Tragedy, Writes James Buchan, but a Gruesome Farce: Idolatrous, Makeshift, Deadly and Utterly Lacking in Self-Control
Magazine article by James Buchan; New Statesman, Vol. 138, March 16, 2009
Subjects: Iranian history--Political aspects, Iranian history--Social aspects, Khomeini, Ruhollah, Ayatollah--Death of, Political protest--History
...revolutionary leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini a decade later. The...it wanted to see. Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini died aged 86, after...the "body of the ayatollah, wrapped in a white...pieces for relics and Khomeinis son Ahmad was knocked...
3.
Iran Looks beyond Khomeini
Magazine article by Robin Wright; The Nation, Vol. 244, February 7, 1987
Subjects: Iran--Political aspects, Iranian foreign relations--United States, Khomeini, Ruhollah, Ayatollah--Political activity, United States, United States foreign relations--Iran
...estimated that Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini would live for...were rampant. Khomeini defused the...Rafsanjani and Ayatollah Hussein Ali...different from Khomeinis. For example...majority of Grand Ayatollahs, the highest-ranking...
4.
The Limits of Zeal: Khomeini and Postwar Iran
Magazine article by Mansour Farhang; The Nation, Vol. 247, November 21, 1988
Subjects: Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988--Influence, Iran--Political aspects, Iranian foreign relations--United States, Islam and politics--Analysis, Khomeini, Ruhollah, Ayatollah--International relations, United States, United States foreign relations--Iran
...militant followers, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini did not at first...themselves have changed Khomeinis mind. The Ayatollah grudgingly accepted...jurists asked the Ayatollah to explain what...the statement. Khomeini seemed surprised...
5.
After the Revolution: It Is 30 Years since Ayatollah Khomeini Ousted the Shah of Iran, Ending 2,000 Years of Monarchical Rule and Heralding the Age of Radical Islamism. since Then, the US Has Had No Diplomatic Relations with Iran. but Is That about to Change with the Arrival of Barack Obama?
Magazine article by Dominic Sandbrook; New Statesman, Vol. 138, January 26, 2009
Subjects: Carter, Jimmy (American president)--Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Ex-presidents--Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Iranian Revolution, 1978-1979--International aspects, Iranian foreign relations, Obama, Barack--Foreign policy, President of the United States--Foreign policy, Revolutions--International aspects, United States foreign relations
...to chant his name: Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini. As a Mercedes van...the return of the Ayatollah Khomeini and the...attack on the exiled Ayatollah Khomeini, provoking the first...3 June Death of Ayatollah Khomeini. Ali Khamanei becomes...
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newspaper articles on: Khomeini Ayatollah Ruhollah  - 143 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Khomeini Ally Now Leads Iran Dissidents; Image Appears around World
Newspaper article; The Washington Times (Washington, DC), August 17, 2009
Subjects: Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, Khomeini, Ruhollah, Ayatollah, Military towns
...University of Illinois to join Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeinis return from exile to lead...revolution. A close aide to Ayatollah Khomeini, Mr. Sazegara was a founder...rallies into public protests. Ayatollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic...
2.
Hardliners Renew Rushdie Death Edict
Newspaper article; The Birmingham Post (England), February 14, 2001
Subjects: Khomeini, Ruhollah, Ayatollah, Rushdie, Salman
...revolutionary leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, issued a fatwa - or...see it carried out. Ayatollah Hassan Saneii, head...Rushdies head, said Khomeinis verdict is unchangeable...nothing could alter Khomeinis ruling on Rushdie...
3.
Islamic Extremists Step Up Attacks on Iran's Reformists
Newspaper article by David Hirst; The Washington Times, November 24, 1997
Subjects: Khamenei, Ali, Ayatollah, Khomeini, Ruhollah, Ayatollah
...the hard-liners making uncompromising hostility to the "Great Satan" a yardstick for fidelity to the late Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeinis sacrosanct ideals. Last weeks violence against Ayatollah Montazeri grew out of a rally in support of Ayatollah...
4.
Anti-Terrorism Strategy
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, July 2, 2008
Subjects: Antiterrorism measures--Laws, regulations and rules, Antiterrorism measures--Military aspects, Khomeini, Ruhollah, Ayatollah
...basically no intelligence on the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini or the radical fundamentalist agenda. President Carter viewed Khomeini as a religious man who had to...a new relationship with the Khomeini regime. In fact, President Carter...
5.
Iranian Hard-Liners Shut Reform Paper
Newspaper article by Ben Barber; The Washington Times, August 9, 2000
Subjects: Khamenei, Ali, Ayatollah
...leader," they chanted, many holding portraits of Ayatollah Khamenei and the founder of the Islamic Revolution, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The outburst, coupled with the closing of the largest remaining pro-reform newspaper, reflected rising...
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encyclopedia articles on: Khomeini Ayatollah Ruhollah  - 4 results

 
 
1.
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
KHOMEINI, AYATOLLAH RUHOLLAH khoma ne, 1900 1989...1950s he was designated ayatollah, a supreme religious...Iranian Shiite community. Khomeinis criticisms of Reza Shah...1964. Settling in Iraq, Khomeini continued his outspoken...
2.
Revolutionary Guards
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Iranian military group formed in the aftermath of the 1979 revolution by young Islamic activists loyal to Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini . Originally intended as a peoples army that would defend the countrys Islamic rule and its revolutionary...
3.
Iran
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Islamic clergy, headed by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini , who had been exiled from...3 million Afghan refugees. Khomeini died in 1989 and was succeeded...hard-line factions associated with Ayatollah Khamenei. Reformers won a substantial...
4.
Shiites
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...formal hierarchy. The honorific ayat Allah or ayatollah Arab.,=sign of God is a modern title that does not...unblemished by the corruption within the autocratic regime, Ruhollah Khomeini served as the culmination of the reintegration of...


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