MUAWIYA

mooäˈwēä, d. 680, 1st Umayyad caliph (661–80), one of the greatest Muslim statesmen; son of Abu Sufyan, a Koreish tribesman of Mecca. He submitted to Islam the year of the surrender of Mecca and became Muhammad's secretary. Under Umar he became the very able governor of Syria. He struggled with Ali over the government of the empire and led in the deposition of Hasan. As caliph he made Islam an autocracy, retaining the old forms of self-government. He secured his domain against aggression by continual raids beyond its borders. His policies ended the ancient hostility that long had separated the North and South Arabian tribes, thus making the Muslim empire the remarkably unified force that it was. Muawiya's administration was always tolerant, and he displayed an enlightened point of view in all his dealings. His name is also spelled Moawiyah.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Muawiya
We found: 243 results
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books on: Muawiya  - 185 results

       More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
The Armenian History Attributed to Sebeos - Vol. 1
Book by Sebeos, R. W. Thomson; University of Liverpool Press, 1999
Subjects: Armenia--Historiography, Armenia--History--428-640
...distracted by political dissidence in Iraq, Muawiya takes control of Egypt which has hitherto...acquisition of Egypt but more likely after it, Muawiya is formally declared caliph by his Syrian...an Iraqi dissident at Kufa. Thereafter Muawiya has little diffi- culty in imposing his...
2.
The Epistle of Salim Ibn Dhakwan
Book by Patricia Crone, Fritz Zimmermann; Oxford University Press, 2001
Subjects: Ibadites, Islam--Doctrines, Kharijites, Murjiah, Salim Ibn Dhakwan--8th Cent, Shi'Ah--Doctrines
...been so ignorant or silly as to deny that Muawiya was a Companion. Maybe Salim simply credited...they could not transmit their views on Muawiya (as king) to the next generation without...they would go so far as to deny that Muawiya belonged to the category of people to...
3.
Islam- The Straight Path: Islam Interpreted by Muslims
Book by Kenneth W. Morgan; Ronald Press, 1958
Subjects: Islam
...disapproved of his policies, he asked help from Muawiya, who was a relative in the Umayyad family...who would be called a politician today. Muawiya acted slowly because he was clever and...except those of Syria, who were ruled by Muawiya. Muawiya was certain that Ali did not...
4.
Law in the Middle East - Vol. 1
Includes: Origin and Development of Islamic Law
Book by Majid Khadduri, Herbert J. Lienbesny; Middle East Institute, 1955
Subjects: Islamic Law, Law--Middle East
...Why therefore," said Amr, "is not Muawiya the heir of Uthman?". "But," Amr...fear that the people will complain that Muawiya will rule without qualifications, then you may reply that Muawiya is the heir of Uthman who was assassinated...
5.
Iraq: From Sumer to Saddam
Book by Geoff Simons; Macmillan, 1996
Subjects: Iraq--History
...opposed by the powerful Umayyads, including Muawiya, and by Ayisha, Mohammads widow. Ali...welcome the death of the third caliph? Muawiya, having failed to prevent the murder...punished. But Ali refused to act and Muawiya accused him of complicity in the murder...
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journal articles on: Muawiya  - 37 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-37 >>  
 
1.
What Do We Learn about the Early Kharijites and Ibadiyya from Their Coins?
Journal article by Adam R. Gaiser; The Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 130, 2010
Subjects: Ancient coins--Analysis, Islamic antiquities--Research, Kharijites--History, Sectarianism--Research
...later (and briefly) under the Umayyad Muawiya (r. 41-60/661-680), issued coins...caliphal coin, struck in the name of Muawiya, does exist from the Darabjird district...names. FIGURE 1 OMITTED With the death of Muawiya and the ascension of his son Yazid to...
2.
Crossroads to Islam: The Origins of the Arab Religion and the Arab State
Journal article by Gabriel Said Reynolds; The Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 125, 2005
Subjects: Books--Book reviews, Crossroads to Islam: The Origins of the Arab Religion and the Arab State (Book)--Book reviews
...intentionally set to coincide with the death of Muawiya, when the Christians under Arab rule...when the political moment was ripe: when Muawiya was dead or close to death" (p. 65...between various Arab strongmen, among whom Muawiya emerged triumphant (p. 96). The wealth...
3.
The Domestic Origins of Imprisonment: An Inquiry into an Early Islamic Institution
Journal article by Sean Anthony; The Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 129, 2009
Subjects: Imprisonment--Research, Prisons--Research
...austere; rather, the account claims that Muawiya "imprisoned him in a prison of his while...with an earlier account claiming that Muawiya imprisoned Kufan exiles with similar amenities...Adi and his thirty associates, whom Muawiya b. Abi Sufyan imprisoned and executed...
4.
Shi'ite Beginnings and Scholastic Tradition in Jabal Amil in Lebanon
Journal article by Rula Abisaab; The Muslim World, Vol. 89, 1999
Subjects: Culture, History, Islam, Lebanon, Scholars
...settled in that area during the reign of Muawiya (41/661-61/680), the first Umayyad...Abu Dharr was recalled to Medina when Muawiya, then the governor of Syria, complained...that during Abu Dharrs stay in Syria, Muawiya had forced him from the Damascene urban...
5.
The Shi'a Remembrance of Muharram: an Explanation of the Days of Ashura and Arba'een
Journal article by Jean-Marc Pierre, Edward Hutchinson, Hassan Abdulrazak; Military Review, Vol. 87, 2007
Subjects: Islam, Leadership, Political parties, Political theory, Politics, Psychology, Religion, Rites & ceremonies
...governorship of Damascus, which went to Muawiya, a major opponent of Mohammad.4 After...Muawiyas followers. In 660 A.D., when Muawiya captured Jerusalem and declared himself...year AIi was assassinated in Kufa, and Muawiya was free to consolidate power as the founder...
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magazine articles on: Muawiya  - 10 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 >>  
 
1.
The Chosen Ones of Allah: The Discord among Muslims Can Be Traced Back to the Days Following Muhammad's Death
Magazine article by Lesley Hazleton; New Statesman (1996), Vol. 140, June 20, 2011
Subjects: Caliphs--Analysis, Islam--Analysis, Islam--History, Islam--Saudi Arabia, Islamic history, Muhammad--Appreciation, Muslims--Analysis
...opponent than Aisha now confronted him. Muawiya, an Umayyad brother-in-law of Muhammads...up the troops. Trial and tribulation Muawiya is detested by the Shias, yet, were...at Siffin, northern Syria, in 657, Muawiya instead manoeuvred his opponent into accepting...
2.
Islam's First Terrorists: Clive Foss Introduces the Kharijites, a Radical Sect from the First Century of Islam Based in Southern Iraq and Iran, Who Adopted an Extreme Interpretation of the Koran, Ruthless Tactics and Opposed Hereditary Political Leadership. after Causing Centuries of Problems to the Caliphate, They Survive in a Quietist Form in East Africa and Oman
Magazine article by Clive Foss; History Today, Vol. 57, December 2007
Subjects: Ideology--History, Ideology--Political aspects, Islamic militants--History, Kharijites--History, Kharijites--Military aspects, Political ideologies--History, Terrorists--History
...the Islamic community: Ali himself, Muawiya, governor of Syria, and Amr ibn al...everyone. He soon faced the opposition of Muawiya, who demanded revenge for the murder...war that broke out between the Umayyad Muawiya and Ali reflected two irreconcilable points...
3.
The Party of the Martyrs: The Shia Branch of Islam Was Born in Violent Death and Has Suffered from Centuries of Persecution. the US Needs to Understand That, If It Wants a Better Iraq
Magazine article by Ziauddin Sardar; New Statesman, Vol. 132, April 28, 2003
Subjects: Islam--History, Islamic theology--Analysis
...wanted to usurp authority. This last group won, and Muawiya, who had been governor of Syria for two decades...claim to the caliphate on hold until the death of Muawiya. But when Muawiya died, he was succeeded by his son Yazid; Husayn...
4.
Sanctifying Islam
Magazine article by Gabriel Said Reynolds; First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life, June 2009
Subjects: Muslims, Ramadan, Tariq--Religious aspects, University of Notre Dame
...about Islam. Baum reports, for example, that the caliph Muawiya killed Muhammads grandson Husayn, leading to the schism between...In fact, it was Muawiyas son, Yazid, who killed Husayn; Muawiya opposed (but did not kill) Husayns father Ali. Elsewhere...
5.
Eat, Drink, Protest: Stories of the Middle East's Hungry Rumblings: Buying Peace, One Feast at a Time
Magazine article by Annia Ciezadlo; Foreign Policy, May-June 2011
Subjects: Food supply--Forecasts and trends, Food supply--Social aspects, Hunger--Forecasts and trends, Hunger--Political aspects
...tables of the merciful": lavish dinners to feed the devout and the destitute during the holy month of Ramadan. But it was Muawiya, the governor of Greater Syria who seized the caliphate after Alis death, who turned the simat into an art form. A notorious...
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newspaper articles on: Muawiya  - 5 results

 
 
1.
Warnings Follow Koran Incident
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, June 1, 2009
Subjects: Christian-Muslim relations, Christianity and other religions--Islam, Islam, Muslims
...proceeded to step on it. Greece is not Denmark, said Ahmed Muawiya, a member of the Greek Immigrant Forum, seeking to dispel...and this must not be viewed as just an immigrant issue, Mr. Muawiya said. Greece has been struggling for more than a decade with...
2.
Israel Mobilizes Reservists as Death Toll Mounts
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, January 13, 2009
...Operation Cast Lead in response to rocket fire, at least 905 Palestinians have been killed and some 3,950 wounded, according to Muawiya Hassanein, the head of medical rescue services in Gaza. At least 277 children are among the dead, he said. Israeli Prime...
3.
Bomb Kills Sunni Leader Opposed to Al Qaeda
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), October 5, 2007
Subjects: Al-Qaeda, Bombings--Casualties, Sunnites--Casualties, Terrorist organizations--Casualties
...THE leader of a Sunni Arab tribal council which opposed al Qaeda in Iraqhas been killed in a roadside bomb attack. Sheikh Muawiya Jebara, a seniormember of the Salahuddin Awakening Council, and three of his bodyguards werekilled as his convoy travelled...
4.
Israel, Hamas Both Defy UN Call
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, January 11, 2009
Subjects: Arab-Israeli conflicts, Israel-Arab conflicts
...Israel, injuring one person, the military said. At least four Grad rockets hit Beersheva, about 40 kilometers from Gaza. Muawiya Hassanein, the head of Gazas emergency services, said at least 800 people are now known to have been killed since Dec. 27...
5.
Israeli Troops Advance Deeper in Gaza City
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, January 12, 2009
...forces killed at least 28 people on Saturday including 17 in heavy fighting in the north and around Gaza City, according to Dr Muawiya Hassanein, head of Gaza emergency services. Since the offensive began, at least 854 people have been killed, including...


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encyclopedia articles on: Muawiya  - 6 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-6 >>  
 
1.
Muawiya
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
MUAWIYA mooa wea, d. 680, 1st Umayyad caliph (661 80), one of the greatest Muslim statesmen; son of Abu Sufyan, a Koreish tribesman...
2.
Umayyad
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...presented the dynamic Ummayad figure of Muawiya the opportunity to challenge the otherwise...rulership of Ali . With the death of Ali, Muawiya succeeded in establishing himself as the...succession of his son Yazid. With the death of Muawiya in 680, Yazid faced the opposition of...
3.
Ali
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...death. He was strongly opposed by Aishah , the Prophets wife; Muawiya , who later founded the Umayyad dynasty; and dissatisfied...661. His eldest son Hasan (624 70) abdicated in favor of Muawiya. Ali and his second son Husein (626 80) are the great martyrs...
4.
Caliphate
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...or Rashidun (the rightly guided), caliphs. Shiites , however, recognize Ali as the first caliph. After Alis death, Muawiya became caliph and founded the Umayyad dynasty (661 750), chiefly by force of arms. Its capital was Damascus. In 750 the...
5.
Hasan
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...caliph, but he was not strong enough to withstand the threat of arms of the Umayyads and under pressure abdicated in favor of Muawiya . He retired to Medina and died, reputedly of poison. His more active brother, Husein , took up the family cause. The Shiites...
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