NAPOLEON II

1811–32, son of Napoleon I and Marie Louise, known as the king of Rome (1811–14), as the prince of Parma (1814–18), and after that as the duke of Reichstadt. Napoleon's abdication in 1815 was in favor of his son, so that he was known to the Bonapartists as Napoleon II, although he never ruled. After 1815 he was a virtual prisoner in Austria, where he died of tuberculosis. In 1940 his remains were transferred, as a gift to France from Adolf Hitler, from Vienna to the dome of the Invalides in Paris, where he now rests beside his father. The pitiful life of the "Eaglet" is the subject of Edmond Rostand's drama L'Aiglon.

See biography by A. Castelot (tr. 1960).

____________________

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Napoleon II
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books on: Napoleon II  - 4907 results

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1.
Memoirs Illustrating the History of Napoleon I from 1802 to 1815 - Vol. 3
Book by Claude-François De Méneval, Napoleon Joseph De Méneval; D. Appleton, 1894
Subjects: France--History--Consulate And First Empire, 1799-1815, Napoleon--I--Emperor Of The French--1769-1821
...themselves with the object of removing Napoleon from power, and of inducing him...nothing which might compromise him. Napoleon was not in ignorance of the fact...make use of the Senate to proclaim Napoleon II., and that the allies hoped to...
2.
Memoirs Illustrating the History of Napoleon I from 1802 to 1815 - Vol. 2
Book by Claude-François De Méneval, Napoleon Joseph De Méneval; D. Appleton, 1894
Subjects: France--History--Consulate And First Empire, 1799-1815, Napoleon--I--Emperor Of The French--1769-1821
...born on August 15th, 1769. This made some people suppose that Napoleon was born before Corsica was ceded to France. Was the reason...so given the ____________________ Article II. " EmpressJosephine will retain the titles and rank of a crowned...
3.
Memoirs Illustrating the History of Napoleon I from 1802 to 1815 - Vol. 1
Book by Claude-François De Méneval, Napoleon Joseph De Méneval; D. Appleton, 1894
Subjects: Napoleon--I--Emperor Of The French--1769-1821
...generals of the army of the East, ____________________ * Petrovitch Paul I., son of Peter III. and Catherine II., was born Oct. 1st, 1754, was strangled, March 23rd, 1801, by the conspirators Pahlen, von Suboff, Bennigsen, and...
4.
The History of Napoleon the First - Vol. 4
Book by P. Lanfrey; Macmillan & Co., 1886
Subjects: France--History--1789-1815, Napoleon--I--Emperor Of The French--1769-1821
...173 . Lanjuinais, ii . 229 . Lannes, Marshal...La Rochefoucault, Napoleons letter to, iii . 157...Treville, instructed by Napoleon to organise flotilla against England, ii . 145 , 451 ; death...371 . Literature, Napoleons restrictions respecting, ii . 471 ; Napoleon and, iii . 249 ; poverty...
5.
Napoleon: For and Against
Book by Pieter Geyl, Olive Renier; Yale University Press, 1949
Subjects: France--History--1789-1815, France--History--Historiography, Napoleon--I--Emperor of the French--1769-1821
...is wrong. 2 That Napoleons proposals to England...conception imperiale de Napoleon et de ses sentiments...et Alexandre Ier, II , 386 and HOLLAND ROSE, Napoleon, II , 238 note. Masson...the seriousness of Napoleons proposal has been...
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journal articles on: Napoleon II  - 1024 results

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1.
Napoleon: For or against ... and Beyond
Journal article by John Dunne; History Review, 1997
Subjects: France--History, Historiography--Technique, Military history--France, Napoleon I, Emperor of the French--Conduct of life, Napoleonic Wars, 1800-1814--Study and teaching
...First and foremost, Napoleons relationship to the...term strategic goals to Napoleons foreign policy and territorial...it will not be called Napoleon: For and Against II. Occasionally amateur scholars, for whom Napoleon has a special fascination...discuss the question of Napoleons relationship to the...
2.
Mummies and Tombs: Turenne, Napoleon, and Death Ritual
Journal article by Suzanne Glover Lindsay; The Art Bulletin, Vol. 82, 2000
Subjects: Art criticism, Art history, French Revolution, La Tour d Auvergne, Henri de (1611-75), Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (Napoleon Bonaparte) (1769-1821), Sculpture, St Denis France, Tombs, Vandalism
...subtly affected funerary projects for Napoleon, forging a new link between death...imagination. The French were riveted by Napoleons demise in remote exile on St. Helena...or bronze or marble allegories on Napoleons tomb-just Napoleon himself, and the more the sarcophagus...broader point about the tombs for Napoleon and Turenne, the latter an especially...and artistic factor in designs for Napoleons tomb in the Dome.195 For all their...
3.
Whose Pharaohs? Archaeology, Museums, and Egyptian National Identity from Napoleon to World War I
Journal article by William H. Peck; The Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 122, 2002
Subjects: Whose Pharaohs? Archaeology, Museums, and Egyptian National Identity from Napoleon to World War I (Book)--Reviews
...and Egyptian National Identity from Napoleon to World War I. by William H. Peck By...antiquities begins with the invasion of Napoleon and includes familiar European names such...Habu is identified as that of Ramesses II, not Ramesses III, as it should be...
4.
Napoleon: A Political Life
Journal article by Owen Connelly; The Historian, Vol. 68, 2006
Subjects: Books--Book reviews, Napoleon: A Political Life (Book)--Book reviews
...Horseback." He asserts that Napoleon admired Robespierre, whereas...before mentioning Napoleons naval strategy or Trafalgar...regarding Nelsons destruction of Napoleons fleet 1798: "It was the...The author believes that Napoleon, as a lieutenant colonel...sansculotte "style of the Year II" prevailed in the Army of...
5.
"The Child of a Fierce Hour": Shelley and Napoleon Bonaparte
Journal article by Cian Duffy; Studies in Romanticism, Vol. 43, 2004
Subjects: Letters (Correspondence)--Criticism and interpretation, Letters--Criticism and interpretation, Napoleon I, Emperor of France--Criticism and interpretation, Shelley, Percy Bysshe--Criticism and interpretation
...presumably only encompass Napoleons dwindling support among...relationship between this Napoleon and the "Freedom" he imposes...or fraud" exemplified by Napoleon ("too late" presumably...qualified confidence in Napoleons historical role as a problematic...lyrical drama" from which Napoleon is conspicuously and surprisingly...I of Russia and Francis II of Austria, the father of Napoleons future wife, Maria Louisa...
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magazine articles on: Napoleon II  - 543 results

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1.
Napoleon's Legacy Leads to the Gulag; Two New Books about Napoleon and the Soviet Gulag Delve into the Origins of Modern Dictatorships and the Evils They since Have Unleashed on Millions of People
Magazine article; Insight on the News, September 2, 2003
Subjects: Gulag: A History (Book)--Reviews, Napoleon (Book)--Reviews
...their master. Napoleons legacy, in Johnsons...line that connects Napoleon with the Soviet...following World War II, when Stalin turned...because it was Napoleon who set up the...Johnson points out, Napoleons minister of police...as the source of Napoleons own lawlessness...and tradition. Napoleon fulfilled the revolutions...after World War II. It bothers Applebaum...
2.
Napoleon the Kingmaker
Magazine article by Philip Mansel; History Today, Vol. 48, March 1998
Subjects: Europe--History, Monarchy--France, Napoleon I, Emperor of the French--Evaluation
...oldest and most implacable enemy of Napoleon since their youth on the island of Corsica; General Moreau, Napoleons rival of 1800-04; and in Austrian...Elba, an island he knew well, as Napoleons compensation. As the Bourbons had found during their emigration, so Napoleon learnt in 1814: territorial interests...legitimate than the Bourbons. The son of Napoleons admirer Lady Holland found in Rome in 1828 that Jerome-Napoleon, former King of Westphalia, kept...
3.
Napoleon on the Nile
Magazine article; USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education), Vol. 135, September 2006
Subjects: Art exhibitions--Forecasts and trends, Art--Exhibitions, Art--Forecasts and trends, Egyptology--Portrayals, Napoleon I, Emperor of France--Collections and collecting
...are documents--countersigned by Napoleon--relating to the interaction between...medals were struck in connection with Napoleons adventure to commemorate major battles...display. A master of propaganda, Napoleon often was portrayed as a triumphant...Egyptian Campaign" as toilet paper. Napoleons cultural appropriation of Egypt is...The first edition was dedicated to Napoleon and, along the sides of the frame...
4.
Napoleon Invades America
Magazine article by Bernard Chevallier; USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education), Vol. 122, July 1993
Subjects: Napoleon I, Emperor of the French--Exhibitions, Napoleonic Wars, 1800-1814--Exhibitions
...Sept. 25. Meanwhile, in Napoleons homeland, those who favored...their house was looted, Napoleon and his family decided it...Capitalizing on this victory, Napoleon moved into Austria, marching...to force Emperor Francis II to sue for peace. The armistice...its military might, and Napoleons fame was at its zenith...born on March 20, 1811. Napoleon was as deliriously happy...In spite of appearances, Napoleons hold on Europe was not firm...
5.
Napoleon & Europe
Magazine article by Jeremy Black; History Today, Vol. 48, January 1998
Subjects: Napoleon I, Emperor of the French--Influence
...disorder markedly declined. Napoleon was also a reformer in his...He helped draw up the Code Napoleon (1804) which, to this day...to foreign policy and war. Napoleons powerful position encouraged...monarchy of the Bourbons. Napoleon, however, was also keen...and in 1811 a son, Napoleon II, was born and titled King...
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newspaper articles on: Napoleon II  - 550 results

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1.
How Napoleon Defeated James II at Helmsdeep
Newspaper article; The Birmingham Post (England), August 5, 2004
How Napoleon Defeated James II at Helmsdeep. A sizeable slice of British youth think Gandalf...Hastings in 1066, 13 per cent of 16 to 24-year-olds said it was Napoleon and 21 per cent Alexander the Great. Nick Seaton, chairman of...
2.
HISTORY IN THE ACHING How Henry VIII's Syphilis, Stalin's Rotten Teeth and Napoleon's Piles Changed the Course of the World
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), June 24, 2004
Subjects: Lenin, Vladimir I., Napoleon III, Emperor of France
...Stalins Rotten Teeth and Napoleons Piles Changed the Course of...VIIIs cruelty to his wives, Napoleons defeats in Russia in 1812...accession of his son, William II, whose inconsistencies partly...events. In June 1812, Emperor Napoleon, 42, was the dictator of...downfall and first exile, Napoleon regained the French throne...
3.
Old Uncle Boney and His English Rosebud; A NEW FILM UNCOVERS NAPOLEON'S SECRET FRIENDSHIP WITH A SCHOOLGIRL
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), April 3, 2006
...slowly that they had not yet heard of Napoleons return from exile on Elba, let alone...the capital, Jamestown, to watch Napoleon disembark and push through the crowd...that Betsy was having an affair with Napoleon. Even Mme Montholon called her a...were perfectly willing to satisfy Napoleons sexual needs. OF THE four illegitimate children whom Napoleon tacitly recognised, one was by Albine...
4.
Boney's Last Journey; Resting Place: Napoleon (Inset) and His Tomb
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), January 30, 2009
...Bourbon, had no quarrel with Napoleon. Louis-Philippes father...book The Second Funeral Of Napoleon, the process was straightforward...that the body of the Emperor Napoleon should be given up to the...de Joinville accompanied by Napoleons servant, Marchand, and two...towards the end of World War II. Does anyone know of the...
5.
Boney's Last Journey; Resting Place: Napoleon (Inset) and His Tomb
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), January 30, 2009
...Bourbon, had no quarrel with Napoleon. Louis-Philippes father...book The Second Funeral Of Napoleon, the process was straightforward...that the body of the Emperor Napoleon should be given up to the...Joinville - accompanied by Napoleons servant, Marchand, and two...towards the end of World War II. Does anyone know of the...
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encyclopedia articles on: Napoleon II  - 127 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Napoleon II
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
NAPOLEON II 1811 32, son of Napoleon I and Marie Louise , known as the...that as the duke of Reichstadt. Napoleons abdication in 1815 was in favor...was known to the Bonapartists as Napoleon II, although he never ruled. After...
2.
Napoleon I
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...who was married to Napoleons sister Caroline. Another...additional concordat. Napoleon secured an annulment...Roman Emperor Francis II). A son was born to...duke of Reichstadt or Napoleon II ), thus insuring the...difficult to enforce. Napoleons first signs of weakness...
3.
Reichstadt, Napoleon, Duke Of
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
REICHSTADT, NAPOLEON, DUKE OF see Napoleon II . ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia University Press. Used with the permission of Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
4.
Francis II , Holy Roman Emperor
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
FRANCIS II , Holy Roman emperor 1768 1835...succeeded his father, Leopold II, shortly before the outbreak...but was crushed at Wagram. Napoleon entered Vienna and imposed...part of Dalmatia, and to join Napoleons Continental System . In 1810...daughter, Marie Louise , married Napoleon. This marriage was engineered...
5.
Victor Emmanuel II
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
VICTOR EMMANUEL II 1820 78, king of Sardinia (1849 61...Britain, and Turkey. In conjunction with Napoleon III of France, with whom Cavour had formed...States were protected by the troops of Napoleon III, but when he fell in 1870, Italian...
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