NEW DEMOCRATIC PARTY

(NDP), Canadian political party, founded in 1961 when the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) reorganized itself and entered into close ties with Canadian labor unions, especially the Canadian Labor Congress (CLC). The CCF, formed in 1932, began as a largely W Canadian federation of farm, labor, and socialist groups with a democratic socialist program of increased welfare measures, moderate nationalization, and government economic planning. It had some success, especially in western provinces, and was the majority party in Saskatchewan (1944–64). Since then the NDP has put less emphasis on specific socialist proposals in an attempt to broaden its appeal. Under the leadership of Thomas C. Douglas (1961–71), David Lewis (1971–75), Edward Broadbent (1977–89), and Audrey McLaughlin (1989–95, the first woman to head a Canadian national political party), the party improved its showing in E Canada, but its main strength remained in the west, where, in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s, it formed provincial governments at various times in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. In the early 1990s the NDP also held power in Ontario. The elections of 1993, 1997, and 2000 saw its representation in Ottawa severely reduced. Alexa McDonough became party leader in 1995.

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