NITRATE

chemical compound containing the nitrate (NO3) radical. Nitrates are salts or esters of nitric acid, HNO3, formed by replacing the hydrogen with a metal (e.g., sodium or potassium) or a radical (e.g., ammonium or ethyl). Some important inorganic nitrates are potassium nitrate (KNO3), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), silver nitrate (AgNO3), and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). Calcium nitrate is used in fertilizers; barium and strontium nitrates are used to color fireworks and signal flares; bismuth nitrate is used in making pharmaceuticals. Nearly all metal nitrates are readily soluble in water; for this reason they are often used when a water soluble salt of a metal is needed. The presence of nitrates in the soil is of great importance, since it is from these compounds that plants obtain the nitrogen necessary for their growth. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are important in keeping the soil supplied with nitrates. Organic nitrates are esters formed by reaction of nitric acid with the hydroxyl (−OH) group in an alcohol. Nitroglycerin is the trinitrate of glycerol; guncotton is a nitrate of cellulose. In chemical analysis, a test for nitrates involves the addition of a solution of ferrous sulfate to the substance to be tested, followed by the addition (without mixing) of a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid; the presence of a nitrate is indicated by the formation of a brown ring—of Fe(NO)+2 complex ion—where the sulfuric acid contacts the test mixture.

____________________

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

-34252-

Top...
Search the Library
Books
Journals
Magazines
Newspapers
Encyclopedia
Advanced Search
About Questia
Questia is the world's largest online academic library offering full-text books, journals, and articles on thousands of topics.

Join Now...
Questia Books and Articles on: Nitrate
We found: 4193 results
By media type:
 

Books:

 

2234  

 

Journal articles:

 

644  

 

Magazine articles:

 

476  

 

Newspaper articles:

 

779  

 

Encyclopedia articles:

 

60  
 

books on: Nitrate  - 2234 results

       More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Chile: The Legacy of Hispanic Capitalism
Book by Brian Loveman; Oxford University Press, 2001
Subjects: Chile--Economic Conditions, Chile--History, Chile--Social Conditions, Political Participation--Chile--History, Social Conflict--Chile--History
...Antofagasta, and other nitrate towns where displaced...subsistence. Though the nitrate industry employed a...workers, the market for nitrates proved extremely volatile...workers departed from the nitrate pampa to the northern...international demand for nitrates, therefore, caused...
2.
Handbook of Federal World War Agencies and Their Records, 1917-1921
Book; U.S. Government Printing Office, 1943
...Department, and the American representative. NITRATE PLANT NO. 1 SECTION , Nitrate Division, ordnance Chiefs Office, War Department...handle the construction and operation of U. S. Nitrate Plant No. 1, at Sheffield, Ala., for the...
3.
The Sea off Southern California: A Modern Habitat of Petroleum
Book by K. O. Emery; Wiley, 1960
Subjects: Marine Biology--Pacific Ocean, Ocean Bottom--Pacific Ocean, Petroleum--Geology--Pacific Ocean, Submarine Geology
less in the anaerobic zone at depth. Nitrate was doubtfully present near the top of...further oxidized to nitrite and thence to nitrate by a specific group of bacteria, Nitrobacteriacea...only core having appreciable dissolved nitrate. The amount of new nitrate formed here...
4.
The Hydrology of the UK: A Study of Change
Book by Mike Acreman; Routledge, 2000
Subjects: Hydrology--Great Britain
a maximum admissible concentration of nitrate in potable water supplies of 11.3 mg...standard. With steadily rising groundwater nitrate concentrations, more and more groundwater...there is 3-4% non-compliance with the nitrate standard, although these data are derived...
5.
Agriculture, Trade, and the Environment: Discovering and Measuring the Critical Linkages
Book by Maury E. Bredahl, Nicole Ballenger, John C. Dunmore, Terry L. Roe; Westview Press, 1996
Subjects: Commercial Policy--Environmental Aspects, Environmental Policy, International Trade--Environmental Aspects, Sustainable Agriculture
...problem, the specific requirements of the Nitrate Directive, and the many possible alternative...the directive. Nature of the Problem Nitrate is derived from elemental gaseous nitrogen...reactions, as part of the nitrogen cycle. 2 Nitrate is essential for plant growth, but residual...
More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>

Top...
 

journal articles on: Nitrate  - 644 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Social Disparities in Nitrate-Contaminated Drinking Water in California's San Joaquin Valley
Journal article by Carolina Balazs, Rachel Morello-Frosch, Alan Hubbard, Isha Ray; Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 119, 2011
Subjects: Drinking water--Contamination, Health care disparities--Research, Nitrates--Health aspects, San Joaquin Valley--Environmental aspects, San Joaquin Valley--Health aspects
...and foods high in nitrates (Sanchez-Echaniz...association between nitrate levels in drinking...levels, we used nitrate MCL violation data...whether CWSs with high nitrates did in fact receive...samples tested for nitrates, our estimate may...potentially exposed to nitrate over the MCL is...
2.
Nitrate and Nitrite Levels of Potable Water Supply in Warri, Nigeria: A Public Health Concern
Journal article by John Kanayochukwu Nduka, Orish Ebere Orisakwe, Linus Obi Ezenweke; Journal of Environmental Health, Vol. 72, 2010
Subjects: Aquatic resources--Chemical properties, Aquatic resources--Nigeria, Drinking water--Chemical properties, Drinking water--Health aspects, Nigeria--Natural resources, Nitrates--Health aspects, Nitrites--Health aspects, Public health--Research, Water resources--Chemical properties, Water resources--Nigeria
...determinations of nitrates and nitrites were...Table 1 shows the nitrate and nitrite level...2003). Dietary nitrate and nitrite levels...Health hazards from nitrates in drinking water...pre TABLE 1 <br/ Nitrates and Nitrites in...of Sampling Point Nitrate (mg/L) Nitrite...
3.
Nitrate May Feed Thyroid Disorders
Journal article by Bob Weinhold; Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 118, 2010
Subjects: Nitrates--Health aspects, Nitrates--Research, Thyroid cancer--Diagnosis, Thyroid cancer--Research, Thyroid cancer--Risk factors, Women--Health aspects
Nitrate May Feed Thyroid Disorders...role in these disorders. Nitrate also may belong on that list...559 (2008) showed high nitrate levels in drinking water may...possible thyroid effects of nitrates and organochlorines in highly...
4.
Coliform Bacteria and Nitrate Contamination of Wells in Major Soils of Frederick, Maryland
Journal article by Anna Tuthill, D.B. Meikle, Michael C.R. Alavanja; Journal of Environmental Health, Vol. 60, 1998
Subjects: Bacteria, Pathogenic--Environmental aspects, Frederick, Maryland, Nitrates--Environmental aspects, Pathogenic bacteria--Environmental aspects, Septic tanks--Health aspects, Water supply, Wells--Contamination
...S. EPA) for nitrates is 10 milligrams...liter (mg/L) nitrate-nitrogen (NO...sequester the nitrates from a septic system and thus reduce nitrate entry into wells...contamination by nitrates in Nebraska," Nitrate Contamination...
5.
Nitrate, Coliforms, and Cryptosporidium Spp. as Indicators of Stream Water Quality in Western Pennsylvania
Journal article; Journal of Environmental Health, Vol. 69, 2006
Subjects: Drinking water--Contamination, Drinking water--Properties, Drinking water--Safety and security measures, Nitrates--Health aspects, Water pollution--Causes of, Water pollution--Pennsylvania, Water quality--Management, Water treatment--Methods, Water--Methods, Water--Purification
Nitrate, Coliforms, and Cryptosporidium Spp...Exposure of infants to high levels of nitrate in drinking water is associated with infant...syndrome." * In the gastrointestinal tract, nitrate is converted to nitrite by fecal microorganisms...
More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>

Top...
 

magazine articles on: Nitrate  - 476 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Chacabuco: Dual Gateway to History: This Ghost Town in Chile's Atacama Desert Echoes Sounds of a Once-Bustling Nitrate Business, as Well as the Cries of Political Prisoners of This Former Concentration Camp
Magazine article by Tomas Dinges; Americas (English Edition), Vol. 58, July 2006
Subjects: Chile, Mining camps--History, Mining camps--Political aspects
...Desert Echoes Sounds of a Once-Bustling Nitrate Business, as Well as the Cries of Political...man who lives in Chacabuco, the former nitrate town and detention center, a few miles...his parents as they worked the regions nitrate camps in his youth. Then, as an organizer...
2.
Microbes Take Bite out of Nitrate
Magazine article; USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education), Vol. 124, June 1996
Subjects: Antitoxins--Research, Groundwater, Pollution, Water, Underground
Microbes Take Bite out of Nitrate. Vegetable oil is great for cooking french fries...that microbes energized by vegetable oil can filter nitrate from simulated underground aquifers. Nitrate is considered one of the most pervasive groundwater...
3.
Mother Nature May Hold the Keys to Cleaning Up Toxic Messes
Magazine article by Joe Bower; National Wildlife, June 2000
Subjects: Air quality management--Innovations, Bioremediation--Usage, Iowa--Environmental policy, Nitrates--Management, Poplar--Environmental aspects, Trees--Environmental aspects
...act like vacuum cleaners, sucking up nitrate-laden runoff from a fertilized cornfield...nearby brook- and perhaps other waters. Nitrate runoff into the Mississippi River from...Before the trees were planted, the brooks nitrate levels were as much as 10 times the amount...
4.
Groundwater Shock the Polluting of the World's Major Freshwater Stores
Magazine article by Payal Sampat; World Watch, Vol. 13, January 2000
Subjects: Aquifers--Pollution, Drinking water--Contamination, Nitrogen fertilizers--Environmental aspects, Oil storage tanks--Environmental aspects, Water, Underground--Pollution
...slow speed at which nitrate moves underground. What happens when nitrates get into drinking water...also quickly convert nitrate to nitrite. Nitrates are also implicated...uncertain. In cropland, nitrate pollution of groundwater...
5.
Biggest Yield in Years! the New Drug Approvals of 1991
Magazine article by Jack Rosenberg, Cynthia Starr; Drug Topics, Vol. 136, February 3, 1992
Subjects: Abbott Laboratories, Characteristics, Ciba-Geigy Corp, Genzyme Corp, Manyproducts, Pfizer Inc, Pharmaceutical industry, Product introduction, Regulatory agencies, Ross Laboratories, United States
...anticancer agent, gallium nitrate is used to treat hypercalcemia...builds up in the blood. Gallium nitrate prevents abnormal destruction...calcitonin in 27%. Gallium nitrates beneficial effect lasted 7...effect lasted one day. Gallium nitrate should be stored at controlled...
More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>

Top...
 

newspaper articles on: Nitrate  - 779 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Nitrates Secret of Popeye's Strength
Newspaper article; Sunshine Coast Daily (Maroochydore, Australia), February 5, 2011
Subjects: Nitrates
...scientists have learned that nitrates are the true energy...talking about an amount of nitrate equivalent to what is...This shows inorganic nitrate as a candidate to explain...showed that dietary nitrate increases levels of...research shows that nitrates make mitochondria by...
2.
Relief for Dairy Farmers as EU Delays Nitrate-Limit Deadline; Country & Farming Farms in Vulnerable Zones Will Have Four More Years to Meet Regulations
Newspaper article; Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales), March 17, 2009
Subjects: Agricultural associations--Laws, regulations and rules, Agricultural industry--Laws, regulations and rules, Agricultural societies--Laws, regulations and rules, Agriculture--Laws, regulations and rules, Dairy farmers--Laws, regulations and rules, Nitrates--Laws, regulations and rules
...Farmers as EU Delays Nitrate-Limit Deadline; Country...limits on manure in nitrate vulnerable zones. The decision by the EUs nitrates committee last week...for the UK from the EU nitrates directive followed intense...by the new rules. A nitrate vulnerable zone - NVZ...
3.
Warning Issued on Use of Nitrates, Nitrites in Food
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, February 8, 2011
Subjects: Nitrates
Warning Issued on Use of Nitrates, Nitrites in Food. MANILA...moderation in the application of nitrates and nitrites in food processing...indicated that 10 nitrite and nitrate-treated meat products rank...Foreign literature showed that nitrate and nitrites, when ingested...
4.
NFU Calls for Rethink on Nitrates Directive; Farming
Newspaper article; The Journal (Newcastle, England), June 11, 2008
Subjects: Agricultural associations, Agricultural societies, Legislators, Livestock industry, Nitrates
...after MPs called the Nitrates Directive flawed. Chairman...for implementing the Nitrate Vulnerable Zones would...meet these costs. The Nitrates Directive dates back...farms to widening the nitrate vulnerable zones - areas...dated nature of the Nitrates Directive and that Defras...
5.
Union Opposes New Rules on Nitrates
Newspaper article; Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales), August 26, 2008
Subjects: Agricultural associations, Agricultural societies, Government contracts, Nitrates, Public contracts
...Opposes New Rules on Nitrates. NFU Cymru is calling...approach to new rules on nitrates and set-aside land...its plans to extend Nitrate Vulnerable Zones in...system. The union says nitrate levels are actually...is no evidence that nitrates are a problem in large...
More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>

Top...
 

encyclopedia articles on: Nitrate  - 60 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Nitrate
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...compound containing the nitrate (NO 3 ) radical . Nitrates are salts or esters...important inorganic nitrates are potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), sodium...NO 3 ). Calcium nitrate is used in fertilizers...barium and strontium nitrates are used to color...
2.
Sodium Nitrate
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
SODIUM NITRATE chemical compound, NaNO 3 , a colorless...compound that closely resembles potassium nitrate (saltpeter or niter) in appearance and...alcohol, and liquid ammonia. Sodium nitrate is also called soda niter or Chile saltpeter...
3.
Potassium Nitrate
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
POTASSIUM NITRATE chemical compound, KNO 3 , occurring...name saltpeter is also applied to sodium nitrate , although less frequently.) It is slightly...very soluble in hot water. Potassium nitrate is prepared commercially by the reaction...
4.
Silver Nitrate
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
SILVER NITRATE ni trat, chemical compound, AgNO 3 , a colorless...treatment of eye infections and gonorrhea. Fused silver nitrate is also called lunar caustic. Taken internally silver nitrate is a poison. It is prepared by reaction of nitric...
5.
Ammonium Nitrate
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
AMMONIUM NITRATE chemical compound, NH 4 NO 3 , that exists as colorless, rhombohedral crystals at room temperature but changes to monoclinic...
More encyclopedia Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>

Top...
 About Questia   ::   Privacy   ::   Contact