NUCLEOTIDE

nooˈklēətīdˌ, nyooˈ–, organic substance that serves as a monomer in forming nucleic acids. Nucleotides consist of either a purine or a pyrimidine base, a ribose or deoxyribose, and a phosphate group. Adenosine triphosphate serves as the principle energy carrier for the cell's reactions. The most important nucleotides are those derived from the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Nucleotide
We found: 2763 results
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1904  

 

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books on: Nucleotide  - 516 results

       More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Phylogenetic Analysis of DNA Sequences
Book by Michael M. Miyamoto, Joel Cracraft; Oxford University Press, 1991
Subjects: Dna--Evolution, Molecular Evolution, Nucleotide Sequence
...r ij from nucleotide i to nucleotide j per unit time; the diagonal...likelihood function for a nucleotide site with nucleotides i , j , k , and 1 in sequences...rate of substitution. If the nucleotide at the ancestral node the...
2.
Donating and Exploiting DNA: Social and Ethical Aspects of Public Participation in Genetic Databases
Book by Richard Tutton, Oonagh Corrigan; Routledge, 2004
Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence--Databases, Bioinformatics, Databases--Citizen Participation, Dna, Genetics--Data Processing, Medical Ethics, Nucleotide Sequence--Databases
...upon powerful, well-established, mapping techniques to identify genetic changes in the form of polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs being the most common) and other gene mutations and deletions associated with the pathology being studied...
3.
An Outline of Chemical Genetics
Book by Bernard S. Strauss; Saunders, 1960
Subjects: Biochemical Genetics
...unit length of the genetic map and per nucleotide unit is uniform. This last assumption...for phages. In a system of 8 X 10 4 nucleotide pairs and with 800 map units 0.01...correspond to the separation of single nucleotide pairs. The smallest percentage of recombination...
4.
Control Mechanisms in Cellular Processes
Book by Sigmund R. Suskind, Charles Yanofsky, Henry J. Vogel, H. Edwin Umbarger, Marko Zalokar, Jan Van Eys, H. G. Williams-Ashman, Peter M. Ray, William S. Hillman, J. Woodland Hastings, David M. Bonner; Ronald Press, 1961
Subjects: Biochemistry, Cytology
...hydrogen between pyridine nucleotides. These transhydrogenase...interaction of pyridine nucleotides; reversibility; steroid...DPN, diphosphopyridine nucleotide; DPNH, dihydrodiphosphopyridine nucleotide; TPN, triphosphopyridine...
5.
Hormones, Genes, and Cancer
Book by Brian E. Henderson, Bruce Ponder, Ronald K. Ross; Oxford University Press, 2003
Subjects: Cancer--Endocrine Aspects, Generative Organs--Cancer--Chemoprevention, Generative Organs--Cancer--Molecular Aspects, Hormones--Carcinogenicity
...variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide poly- morphisms. Nature 409:928-933, 2001. 77. Li WH, Sadler LA. Low nucleotide diversity in man. Genetics 129:513...Bentley K, et al. Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for...
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journal articles on: Nucleotide  - 1904 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Inferring Spatial Phylogenetic Variation along Nucleotide Sequences: A Multiple Changepoint Model
Journal article by Marc A. Suchard, Robert E. Weiss, Karin S. Dorman, Janet S. Sinsheimer; Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 98, 2003
Subjects: Base sequence--Research, Base sequence--Statistics, Nucleotide sequence--Research, Nucleotide sequence--Statistics, Nucleotides--Research, Nucleotides--Statistics
...contains a pattern of nucleotide bases, such that Y...evolutionary change among nucleotides at a given site, characterized...alpha and beta, between nucleotide transitions and transversions...sub.T), of the nucleotides to differ from pi...
2.
Unique Classes of Mutations in the Saccharomyces Cerevisiae G-protein Translation Elongation Factor 1a Suppress the Requirement for Guanine Nucleotide Exchange
Journal article by Sedide B. Ozturk, Melanie R. Vishnu, Olubunmi Olarewaju, Lea M. Starita; Genetics, Vol. 174, 2006
Subjects: Amino acids, Binding sites, Crystal structure, Enzymes, Genetic engineering, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, Infections, Kinases, Medical treatment, Mutation, Peptide Elongation Factor 1, Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Studies
...Suppress the Requirement for Guanine Nucleotide Exchange by Sedide B. Ozturk , Melanie...eIF2 and eEF1A have identified guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which help...al. 2004). The inhibition of the nucleotide exchange reaction on eIF2 is a major...
3.
Genomic Organization, Rapid Evolution and Meiotic Instability of Nucleotide-binding-site-encoding Genes in a New Fruit Crop, "chestnut Rose"
Journal article by Qiang Xu, Xiaopeng Wen, Xiuxin Deng; Genetics, Vol. 178, 2008
Subjects: Amino acids, Binding sites, DNA Transposable Elements, Environmental conditions, Fruits, Genetics, Genomics, Genotype & phenotype, Nucleotides, Pattern recognition, Research, Studies, Vitamin C
...repeat oligos of 18 nucleotides (CAGCCTTCCTTTAGCCCT...diversity was analyzed on nucleotide and amino acid levels...Further sequencing on the nucleotide level revealed a considerable...of the total 428 nucleotides are polymorphic for...number and sequence nucleotide variation strongly...
4.
Lethal Accumulation of Guanylic Nucleotides in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Hpt1-deregulated Mutants
Journal article by Annick Breton, Benoît Pinson, Fanny Coulpier, Marie-France Giraud, Alain Dautant, Bertrand Daignan-Fornier; Genetics, Vol. 178, 2008
Subjects: 5'-Guanylic Acid, Apoptosis, DNA Primers, DNA polymerase, Derivatives, E coli, Guanine Nucleotides, Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase, Kinases, Mental retardation, Mutation, Proteins, Recycling, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
...Fornier GUANYLIC nucleotides are required for synthesis...regulation of the guanylic nucleotide pools is thus a critical...metabolism of guanylic nucleotides (Figure 1) and their...excess of guanine nucleotides has been shown to affect...utilized for adenylic nucleotide synthesis. Furthermore...
5.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Masking
Journal article by Nicole A.R. Walter, Shannon K. Mcweeney, Sandra T. Peters, John K. Belknap, Robert Hitzemann, Kari J. Buck; Alcohol Research & Health, Vol. 31, 2008
Subjects: DNA microarrays--Usage, Gene expression--Research, Single nucleotide polymorphisms--Research
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Masking. by Nicole A...analysis; microarray analysis; singular nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); SNP masking...modifications in the DNA (i.e., single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs) that occur naturally...
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magazine articles on: Nucleotide  - 307 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
First Nucleotide Analog Approved for Hepatitis B
Magazine article by Charlotte Lobuono; Drug Topics, Vol. 146, October 21, 2002
Subjects: FDA, FDA approval, Food & Drug Administration, Hepatitis, Pharmaceuticals, Product introduction, United States
First Nucleotide Analog Approved for Hepatitis B by Charlotte Lobuono Persons infected...University, Brooklyn, N.Y. Gilead claims adefovir dipivoxil is the first nucleotide analog to be approved for the treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis...
2.
FDA Approves First Nucleotide Analog for Hepatitis B
Magazine article; Drug Topics, Vol. 146, October 7, 2002
FDA Approves First Nucleotide Analog for Hepatitis B LATELINE The FDA has approved losartan (Cozaar, Merck) for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy with...
3.
Nabbing Suspicious SNPS: Scientists Search the Whole Genome for Clues to Common Diseases
Magazine article by Regina Nuzzo; Science News, Vol. 173, June 21, 2008
Subjects: Genetic research--Methods, Single nucleotide polymorphisms--Research
...archetype and transcribed the 3.2 billion nucleotide "genetic letters" that make up human...these one-letter sites, called single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs (pronounced...of those letters is known as a single nucleotide polymorphism, or SNP (pronounced...
4.
Preventing the Misuse of Gene Synthesis: Fostering Industry Self-Regulation, Backed Up with Targeted Government Policies, Is the Best Way to Capture the Benefits and Reduce the Risks of Synthetic Genomics
Magazine article by Jonathan B. Tucker; Issues in Science and Technology, Vol. 26, Spring 2010
Subjects: Base sequence--Laws, regulations and rules, Biotechnology industries--Laws, regulations and rules, Biotechnology industry--Laws, regulations and rules, Business-government relations--Laws, regulations and rules, Nucleotide sequence--Laws, regulations and rules, Product safety--Management, Product stewardship--Management
...DNA by stringing together chemical building blocks called nucleotides in any desired sequence. Some 50 companies--concentrated...customers and orders for double-stranded DNA greater than 200 nucleotide base-pairs long. According to the draft guidelines, customer...
5.
Family Tree: An Arboreal Genome Is Sequenced
Magazine article by C. Brownlee; Science News, Vol. 170, September 16, 2006
Subjects: Cottonwood--Genetic aspects, Nucleotide sequencing--Reports, Trees (Plants)--Genetic aspects, Trees--Genetic aspects
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newspaper articles on: Nucleotide  - 22 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-20 21-22 >>  
 
1.
Discovery of Huntington's Gene Launches Search for a Cure
Newspaper article by Susan Stevens; Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), September 24, 2007
Subjects: Wexler, Nancy S.
...the short arm of chromosome 4. In a normal gene, a trio of nucleotide bases - cytosine, adenine and guanine - drive the production...Huntingtons disease, the gene contains too many repeats of this nucleotide triplet. Instead of 17 or 20 repeats, it will repeat 42...
2.
The Human Genome Profile
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, November 16, 2008
Subjects: DNA, Genomics, Human genome
...the 3,000,000,000 DNA bases or nucleotides in order to establish the identity and...in a simple enzyme reaction involving nucleotide primers, the four bases, and the polymerase...While almost all (99.9 percent) nucleotide bases are exactly the same in all people...
3.
First Breeding Breakthrough for 60 Years Is Farm Revolution; ADVANCES in the Way Farmers Use Genetic Information about Their Cattle Has Revolutionised Breeding Practices in the Last Half Century. Northumberland Farming Consultant BRUCE JOBSON Takes a Closer Look
Newspaper article; The Journal (Newcastle, England), September 11, 2010
...traits and scientists have analysed the data by looking at gene markers. Genetic markers have a technical term known as single nucleotide polymorphisms - otherwise known as SNPs or snips. A genotype marker test contains 54,000 SNPs. In order to get to this...
4.
A TINY Genetic Fault Has [...]
Newspaper article; Evening Chronicle (Newcastle, England), April 25, 2011
Subjects: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder--Genetic aspects, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder--Genetic aspects, Genetic research
...defective versions. They hit on one single-letter alteration in the paired chemical elements of the genetic code - a single nucleotide polymorphism - that was strongly linked to the disorder. BABIES who persistently cry and those who have difficulties with...
5.
Chew on This: Tobacco Still Bad
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, April 22, 2007
Subjects: Cancer research--Health aspects, Cancer--Health aspects, Cancer--Research, Oncology, Experimental--Health aspects, Tobacco industry--Health aspects, Tobacco products--Health aspects
...consult a doctor. Hard exercise can cause irregular heartbeats in people with blocked arteries. If a doctor is concerned, nucleotide stress test will be ordered. If that is normal, it is probably safe to exercise to loud, fast music and benefit from increased...
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encyclopedia articles on: Nucleotide  - 14 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-10 11-14 >>  
 
1.
Nucleotide
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
NUCLEOTIDE noo kle tid , nyoo , organic substance...a monomer in forming nucleic acids . Nucleotides consist of either a purine or a pyrimidine...cells reactions. The most important nucleotides are those derived from the bases adenine...
2.
Nucleic Acid
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...sequence in which the nucleotides bearing different...strand. These nucleotide sequences determine...strand is bound to a nucleotide subunit on the...portions of the nucleotides. The fact that...substitution of one nucleotide for another in...or addition of nucleotides. Decoding, or...
3.
Gene
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...building blocks called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of three...for example, one nucleotide in a certain location...people but another nucleotide in that location...helix formed by the nucleotides. Gene loci are often...
4.
Mutation
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...sequence of substances called nucleotides ; these nucleotides, taken in series of three...a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is added or deleted to the...totally ineffective. If one nucleotide substitutes for another in...
5.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...the enzyme DNA polymerase, unattached nucleotide bases (the subunits that DNA is composed...and "primers," short sequences of nucleotides designed to bind with an end of the...builds a new strand by joining the free nucleotide bases to the primers. When this process...
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