OSTRACISM

ŏsˈtrəsĭzˌəm, ancient Athenian method of banishing a public figure. It was introduced after the fall of the family of Pisistratus. Each year the assembly took a preliminary vote to decide whether a vote of ostracism should be held. If a majority approved holding an ostracism, a day was set for the voting. When the polling took place, each voter put into an urn a potsherd (ostrakon) marked with the name of a person he wished ostracized. The man named on the most ostraka was exiled, unless fewer than 6,000 votes were cast (some authorities believe that a total of 6,000 votes was necessary to ostracize a person). The exile lasted normally 10 years with no confiscation. Aristides, Cimon, and others were recalled before 10 years were up. The last ostracism was probably that of Hyperbolus (416? b.c.), a demagogue of humble origin. Other cities used ostracism also. Numerous ostraka have been found in modern excavations, many bearing the names of Aristides and Themistocles.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Ostracism
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books on: Ostracism  - 6165 results

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1.
Interpersonal Rejection
Book by Mark R. Leary; Oxford University Press, 2001
Subjects: Rejection (Psychology)
...and the source to cool down. Physical ostracism is often accompanied by an implicit return...source and target are reunited. Cyber ostracism, in comparison, seems to provide the...confront the source, either to clarify the ostracism risking verification of being disliked...
2.
Alcibiades and Athens: A Study in Literary Presentation
Book by David Gribble; Clarendon Press, 1999
Subjects: Alcibiades--In Literature, Athens (Greece)--In Literature, Generals In Literature, Greek Literature--Greece--Athens--History And Criticism, Literature And History--Greece--Athens, Statesmen In Literature
institution of ostracism. 66 His theory is given some support by the fact that the introduction of ostracism in Athens coincided with the overthrowing...century. 67 The theory that the object of ostracism is the removal of powerful and dangerous...
3.
Athens on Trial: The Antidemocratic Tradition in Western Thought
Book by Jennifer Tolbert Roberts; Princeton University Press, 1994
Subjects: Democracy--Greece--Athens--History, Democracy--History, Political Science--History
...institution see R. Bonner, The Minimum Vote in Ostracism, CP 8 (1913): 223 25; J. Carcopino...1935); A. E. Raubitschek, Athenian Ostracism, CJ 48 (1952 53): 113 22 and The Origin of Ostracism, AJA 55 (1961): 221 29; A. R. Hands...
4.
Athenian Democratic Origins: And Other Essays
Book by G. E. M. De Ste Croix, David Harvey, Robert Parker; Oxford University Press, 2004
Subjects: Athens (Greece)--Politics And Government, Democracy--Greece--Athens--History
...return to Aristotles explanation of ostracism and try to formulate a theory of the...from the historical occasions on which ostracism was actually used at Athens. Since Aristotle says that ostracism exists VLOEXOiJ... oLov EV Ap) L...
5.
The Darwinian Heritage and Sociobiology
Book by Johan M. G. Van Der Dennen, David Smillie, Daniel R. Wilson; Praeger, 1999
Subjects: Social Darwinism--Congresses, Sociobiology--Congresses
...moral codes underlying the practice of ostracism and blood revenge in human societies...rules, as a report on the practice of ostracism and warfare among the Pueblo Indians...178 . The reason for this practice of ostracism was that "the imposition of village...
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journal articles on: Ostracism  - 1093 results

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1.
Corporate Ostracism: Freezing out Controlling Shareholders
Journal article by Jens Dammann; Journal of Corporation Law, Vol. 33, 2008
Subjects: Commercial law, Majority stockholders, Public companies, Shareholders rights, United States
Corporate Ostracism: Freezing out Controlling Shareholders...such ambitions was the institution of ostracism.1 Once a year, the citizens of Athens...interest to historians, the practice of ostracism also holds the key to one of the most...
2.
O-cam: a New Paradigm for Investigating the Effects of Ostracism
Journal article by Rani Goodacre, Lisa Zadro; Behavior Research Methods, Vol. 42, 2010
Subjects: Research & development--R&D, Students, Studies
...for Investigating the Effects of Ostracism by Rani Goodacre , Lisa Zadro...denotes formulae omitted.) Ostracism-being excluded or ignored-is...adversely affecting primary needs, ostracism has been shown to have a host of...
3.
Common Sense V. the Eeoc: Co-worker Ostracism and Shunning as Retaliation under Title Vii
Journal article by Howard Zimmerle; Journal of Corporation Law, Vol. 30, 2005
Subjects: Corporate liability, Court decisions, Retaliation, Sexual harassment, United States
...Common Sense V. the Eeoc: Co-worker Ostracism and Shunning as Retaliation under Title...complains of-co-worker shunning and ostracism-would qualify as an "adverse employment...if she could prove that shunning and ostracism were an "adverse employment action...
4.
Cyberball: a Program for Use in Research on Interpersonal Ostracism and Acceptance
Journal article by Kipling D. Williams, Blair Jarvis; Behavior Research Methods, Vol. 38, 2006
Subjects: Computer & video games, Experimental psychology, Personal relationships, Research methodology, Researchers, Social interaction, Studies
...for Use in Research on Interpersonal Ostracism and Acceptance by Kipling D. Williams...idea as to how to study the effects of ostracism. For no apparent reason, the two original...would be an excellent means to study ostracism and social exclusion. The first laboratory...
5.
Contextual Influences on Sexual Risk-Taking in the Transgender Community
Journal article by Kami A. Kosenko; The Journal of Sex Research, Vol. 48, 2011
Subjects: HIV, HIV (Viruses), Hormones, Sex role, Sex roles, Transgender people--Sexual behavior
...of safer sexual practices. Stigma and ostracism, financial woes, sexual objectification...risks and relationships were negotiated. Ostracism Many participants described the transgender...marked by stigma, discrimination, and ostracism. Although commonly grouped with gays...
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magazine articles on: Ostracism  - 372 results

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1.
United Nations Report: It's Ostracism Time for U.s., Israel at United Nations
Magazine article by Ian Williams; The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, Vol. XVIII, December 31, 1999
Subjects: Government, International relations, Israel, Politics, UN, United Nations, United States
United Nations Report: Its Ostracism Time for U.s., Israel at United Nations by Ian Williams UNITED NATIONS REPORT: Its Ostracism Time for U.S., Israel at United Nations With the opening of the General Assembly every September comes the...
2.
Harry Hay
Magazine article by Anne-Marie Cusac; The Progressive, Vol. 62, September 1998
Subjects: Gay liberation movement--History, Gay men--Political activity, Hay, Harry--Political activity
...what you were suffering from was what was known as ostracism. Ostracism means you dont exist at all. And thats a very difficult...to live with. As gay people, we had been chasing ostracism by that point for probably 300 years. You just knew...
3.
"They Don't Want to Get It!" Interaction between Minority and White Pre-service Teachers in a Multicultural Education Class
Magazine article by Yukari Takimoto Amos; Multicultural Education, Vol. 17, Summer 2010
Subjects: Minority students, Multicultural education, Race, Studies, Teacher education, Verbal communication
...annoying and who sided with the instructor." The fear of ostracism by their White peers made the participants silent. What they...White peers naivete, and were fearful of retaliation and ostracism. All of these factors contributed to their silence. As Greene...
4.
Defining Eugenics Down
Magazine article by Kathryn Jean Lopez; Human Life Review, Vol. 36, Winter 2010
Subjects: Abortion, Billboards, Colleges & universities, Genetic engineering, Health care policy, Political advertising, Political campaigns
...abortion was frowned upon among blacks. The level of social ostracism was intense. Unfortunately, this led to many abortions being...resulting in deaths of the women. But I am convinced that social ostracism also resulted in significantly fewer out-of-wedlock pregnancies...
5.
You Can Help the Persecuted Church: Lesson from Chiapas, Mexico
Magazine article by Vernon J. Sterk; International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Vol. 23, January 1999
Subjects: Chiapas Mexico, Christianity, Indigenous people, Religious persecution
...families and society. When family members use the weapons of ostracism and expulsion against one another, this can become a powerful...away from Christianity under threats of physical violence, ostracism, and expulsions. Throughout history every method of torture...
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newspaper articles on: Ostracism  - 207 results

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1.
Settlers Boycott Pullout Backers; Use Social Ostracism to Silence Jews Supporting Sharon Plan
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, August 28, 2004
Subjects: Sharon, Ariel
Settlers Boycott Pullout Backers; Use Social Ostracism to Silence Jews Supporting Sharon Plan. Byline: Joshua...Strip - Settler leaders in the Gaza Strip are using social ostracism and business boycotts to silence any Jewish residents willing...
2.
EU Warns Austria Vote Could Trigger Ostracism
Newspaper article by David R. Sands; The Washington Times, February 1, 2000
Subjects: Austria, European Union, Haider, Jorg
EU warns Austria vote could trigger ostracism. by David R. Sands The leaders of 14 European Union governments yesterday threatened to all but drum Austria out of the worlds...
3.
Muslim Peril in a New Faith; New Converts Share Fervor
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, September 6, 2004
...of whom say they face death threats or ostracism from their families for leaving the Islamic...America because of their faith, many face ostracism from their families or denial of entrance...then, however, she fears discovery and ostracism from her family, who live near her Virginia...
4.
AIRY CLARY; When JULIAN CLARY Researched His Family's History for a TV Series He Discovered Dark Stories of Depression, Disease and Wartime Heroism - and the Truth about the Ancestor He Knows as Herman the German
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), January 7, 2006
Subjects: Clinical psychiatry, Depression (Mood disorder), Depression, Mental, Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Television programs
...calls him - and they did not approve of Germans? Yet the ostracism seems to have started long before World War I, when Germans...determined to go ahead anyway because she loved him. She withstood ostracism for him, Royal and poverty, and loneliness; and, after...
5.
Obama's Global Approach; Engagement and Partnership
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, October 26, 2007
...out of which terrorists emerge. * Engagement rather that ostracism and criticism: Mr. Obama doesnt minimize conflicts and threats...negotiating with our adversaries, not engaging in self-imposed ostracism. As he put it: "Its time to turn the page on Washingtons...
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encyclopedia articles on: Ostracism  - 11 results

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1.
Ostracism
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
OSTRACISM os tr siz m, ancient Athenian method of banishing...took a preliminary vote to decide whether a vote of ostracism should be held. If a majority approved holding an ostracism, a day was set for the voting. When the polling...
2.
Themistocles
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...commander. He was elected one of the three archons in 493 b.c. In succeeding years many of his rivals were eliminated by ostracism and he became the chief figure of Athenian politics. He persuaded the Athenians to build up their navy, foreseeing that...
3.
Spengler, Oswald
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...the state and supported German hegemony in Europe. His refusal to support Nazi theories of racial superiority led to his ostracism after the Nazis came to power in 1933. See critical study by H. S. Hughes (1952...
4.
Exile , in Politics and Government
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...the citizen, sometimes in order to escape punishment. In ancient Greece, exile was often the penalty for homicide, while ostracism was a common punishment for those accused of political crimes. In early Rome a citizen under sentence of death had a choice...
5.
Boycott
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
BOYCOTT concerted economic or social ostracism of an individual, group, or nation to express disapproval or coerce change. The practice was named (1880) after Capt. Charles...
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